1 Reis 22
Adam Clarke · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Reis 22
Clarke - “It appears that the Israelites and Jews maintained the fight the whole of the day; but when at evening the king died, and this was known, there was a proclamation made, probably with the consent of both Syrians and Israelites, that the war was over.” Warren
1 Reis 22
Clarke - “In 2 Chronicles 17:6, it is expressly said, that he did take way the high places. Allowing that the text is right in 2 Chronicles the two places may be easily recognized. There were two kinds of high places in the land: 1. Those used for idolatrous purposes. 2. Those that were consecrated to God, and were used before the temple was built. The former he did take away, the latter he did not.” Peter Pett discusses the problematic high places - There was now the Temple and there were legitimate high places (such as formerly on Mount Carmel - 1 Kings 18:32) where the worship was kept pure by the priests and prophets, but along with these there were many syncretised high places, which were ancient local sanctuaries, often also containing a Baal pillar and an Asherah pole/image, where the worship became a mixture of Yahwism and Baalism. These did not retain the purity of worship of the Temple and the legitimate high places, and would in fact later lead the people of Judah into grosser sin. But Jehoshaphat’s position was complicated, as we might have expected when considering such a complicated situation. And it would appear from 2 Chronicles 17:6; 2 Chronicles 19:3-4 that he did make an effort to remove those which had become too obviously syncretistic, and came to his attention. What was lacking was a full-scale purge. High places (01116) bamah Six activities seem to be related to high places -- burning of incense, sacrificing, eating of sacrificial meals, praying, prostitution, child sacrifice (cf. bama in the valley, Je7:31). The first use in Lev 26:30 is God's declaration to Israel "I will destroy your high places." In Dt 32:13 speaking of Jacob (Israel) He declared "He made him ride on the high places of the earth," so clearly some uses of bamah are not negative. In a similar use God says Israel "you will tread upon their (Israel's enemies') high places." Another positive use is Psalm 18:33 where David declared Jehovah "makes my feet like hinds' feet, And sets me upon my high places." (cp Hab 3:19 - NET Note = David "compares his agility in battle to the ability of a deer to negotiate rugged, high terrain without falling or being injured.", cp Isa 58:14) We see he effect of Israel's high places on Jehovah in Ps 78:58 = "For they provoked Him with their high places and aroused His jealousy with their graven images." Some kings like Hezekiah (1Ki 18:4, 2Chr 31:1, Isa 36:7) and Josiah (2Ki 23:4,8, 13, 15, 19-20, 2Chr 34:3 cp prophecy about Josiah 300 years earlier = 1Ki 13:2) did destroy the high places, but in Hezekiah's case his own son Manasseh rebuilt them (2Ki 21:1-2, 3, 2Chr 33:3) and in Josiah's case the people rebuilt them! BAMAH - HIGH PLACES IN KINGS AND CHRONICLES - 1 Ki. 3:2; 1 Ki. 3:3; 1 Ki. 3:4; 1 Ki. 11:7; 1 Ki. 12:31; 1 Ki. 12:32; 1 Ki. 13:2; 1 Ki. 13:32; 1 Ki. 13:33; 1 Ki. 14:23; 1 Ki. 15:14; 1 Ki. 22:43; 2 Ki. 12:3; 2 Ki. 14:4; 2 Ki. 15:4; 2 Ki. 15:35; 2 Ki. 16:4; 2 Ki. 17:9; 2 Ki. 17:11; 2 Ki. 17:29; 2 Ki. 17:32; 2 Ki. 18:4; 2 Ki. 18:22; 2 Ki. 21:3; 2 Ki. 23:5; 2 Ki. 23:8; 2 Ki. 23:9; 2 Ki. 23:13; 2 Ki. 23:15; 2 Ki. 23:19; 2 Ki. 23:20; 1 Chr. 16:39; 1 Chr. 21:29; 2 Chr. 1:3; 2 Chr. 1:13; 2 Chr. 11:15; 2 Chr. 14:3; 2 Chr. 14:5; 2 Chr. 15:17; 2 Chr. 17:6; 2 Chr. 20:33; 2 Chr. 21:11; 2 Chr. 28:4; 2 Chr. 28:25; 2 Chr. 31:1; 2 Chr. 32:12; 2 Chr. 33:3; 2 Chr. 33:17; 2 Chr. 33:19; 2 Chr. 34:3; ALL OTHER USES OF BAMAH - Lev. 26:30; Num. 22:41; Num. 33:52; Deut. 32:13; Deut. 33:29; 1 Sam. 9:12; 1 Sam. 9:13; 1 Sam. 9:14; 1 Sam. 9:19; 1 Sam. 9:25; 1 Sam. 10:5; 1 Sam. 10:13; 2 Sam. 1:19; 2 Sam. 1:25; 2 Sam. 22:34; Job 9:8; Ps. 18:33; Ps. 78:58; Isa. 14:14; Isa. 15:2; Isa. 16:12; Isa. 36:7; Isa. 58:14; Jer. 7:31; Jer. 17:3; Jer. 19:5; Jer. 26:18; Jer. 32:35; Jer. 48:35; Ezek. 6:3; Ezek. 6:6; Ezek. 16:16; Ezek. 20:29; Ezek. 36:2; Hos. 10:8; Amos 4:13; Amos 7:9; Mic. 1:3; Mic. 1:5; Mic. 3:12; Hab. 3:19 1 Kings 22:44 Jehoshaphat also made peace with the king of Israel. made peace: 1Ki 22:2 2Ki 8:18 2Ch 19:1-2 21:6 2Co 6:14 1 Kings 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: 2 Corinthians 6:14 Do not be bound together (present imperative with a negative) with unbelievers; for (TERM OF EXPLANATION!) what partnership have righteousness and lawlessness, or what fellowship has light with darkness? 2 Chronicles 18:1 Now Jehoshaphat had great riches and honor; and he allied himself by marriage with Ahab. 2 Chronicles 19:1-2 Then Jehoshaphat the king of Judah returned in safety to his house in Jerusalem. 2 Jehu the son of Hanani the seer went out to meet him and said to King Jehoshaphat, “Should you help the wicked and love those who hate the LORD and so bring wrath on yourself from the LORD? 1 Kings 22:4 (DECLARATION OF TOTAL LOYALTY) And he said to Jehoshaphat, “Will you go with me to battle at Ramoth-gilead?” And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, “I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses.” JEHOSHAPHAT'S BAD ALLIANCE WITH AHAB Jehoshaphat also made peace with the king of Israel - Made peace is rendered by other translations a "was at peace." In other words, there does not seem to be a formal covenant of peace. There was however clearly a close alliance between the two kings. While on the surface this sounds like a good thing, Ahab was a Baal worshiper and Jehoshaphat was a Yahweh worshiper. One could subtitle this "When Good Kings Make Bad Friends." Jehoshaphat should not have bound himself to Ahab by marriage to Ahab's daughter (who was raised to worship Baal!) Ahab would not bring Jehoshaphat up but down beginning with the Aramean defeat at Ramoth-Gilead. Ahab would also indirectly bring down Jehoshaphat's son Jehoram (2Ki 8:16–18, 26–27) What partnership have righteousness and lawlessness, or what fellowship has light with darkness? Peter Pett Jehoshaphat was also the first king to officially establish peace with Israel (ED: BUT NO TREATY MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE - LIKELY MORE RELATED TO THE MARRIAGE ALLIANCE WITH AHAB'S DAUGHTER). This was mentioned because it was always YHWH’s desire that His people be one in spirit. That had been the reason for the Central Sanctuary among diverse tribes from the beginning. But the author makes no mention here of his marrying of his son Jehoram to the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel as a ‘treaty wife’ (see 1 Kings 8:18; 2 Chronicles 18:1; 2 Chronicles 21:6). The prophetic author appears to have approved of the idea of peace, but like the Chronicler he did not approve of the marriage, especially in view of its results (1 Kings 8:18). Dale Ralph Davis: The cooperative commercial venture was a product of Jehoshaphat’s statecraft (v. 44). He had made peace with the king of Israel, certainly with Ahab (22:1– 40) but also with Ahaziah his son. I think the writer of Kings views that alliance negatively, as a perilous precedent. Certainly Chronicles does; there prophets read the riot act to Jehoshaphat for teaming up with such apostate kings (2 Chron. 19:2–3; 20:37). But Kings is critical as well, if not so directly. The previous narrative had already rehearsed Jehoshaphat’s insane naivete (22:29–33) when he had locked arms with Ahab. A few chapters later Kings will inform us that nuptials provided the cement for the alliance: Ahab’s daughter became the wife of Jehoram, Jehoshaphat’s son (2 Kings 8:18). Hence Jehoram aped Ahab rather than Jehoshaphat, as did Jehoram’s son Ahaziah (8:18a, 25–27). In 2 Kings 11 our writer(s) will show that redemptive history almost ended in 841 bc. Why? Because Ahab’s daughter remained very much alive after the deaths of Jehoram and Ahaziah, and, as queen mother of Judah, nearly wiped out the whole divinely-chosen Davidic line of kings. How did such a tragedy ever get afoot? Because godly king Jehoshaphat imagined one could practice ecumenism with apostates (1 Kings 22:44). ‘Now Jehoshaphat made peace with the house of Israel.’ It was not astute but asinine. Look how it nearly decimated Yahweh’s redemptive plan. (Book 1 Kings: The Wisdom and the Folly or lecture Getting Clear About God's Word 1 Kings 22:1-40) 1 Kings 22:45 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might which he showed and how he warred, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? KJV 1 Kings 22:45 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might that he shewed, and how he warred, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? BGT 1 Kings 22:46 καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ιωσαφατ καὶ αἱ δυναστεῖαι αὐτοῦ ὅσα ἐποίησεν οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐν βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τῶν βασιλέων Ιουδα LXE 1 Kings 22:45 And the rest of the acts of Josaphat, and his mighty deeds, whatever he did, behold, are not these things written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Juda? NET 1 Kings 22:45 The rest of the events of Jehoshaphat's reign, including his successes and military exploits, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. CSB 1 Kings 22:45 The rest of the events of Jehoshaphat's reign, along with the might he exercised and how he waged war, are written in the Historical Record of Judah's Kings. ESV 1 Kings 22:45 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might that he showed, and how he warred, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? NIV 1 Kings 22:45 As for the other events of Jehoshaphat's reign, the things he achieved and his military exploits, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah? NLT 1 Kings 22:45 The rest of the events in Jehoshaphat's reign, the extent of his power, and the wars he waged are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Judah. NRS 1 Kings 22:45 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his power that he showed, and how he waged war, are they not written in the Book of the Annals of the Kings of Judah? Now: 1Ki 22:39 are they: 1Ki 11:41 14:29 1 Kings 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might which he showed and how he warred, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah 1 Kings 22:46 The remnant of the sodomites who remained in the days of his father Asa, he expelled from the land. NET 1 Kings 22:46 He removed from the land any male cultic prostitutes who had managed to survive the reign of his father Asa. CSB 1 Kings 22:46 He removed from the land the rest of the male cult prostitutes who were left from the days of his father Asa. ESV 1 Kings 22:46 And from the land he exterminated the remnant of the male cult prostitutes who remained in the days of his father Asa. NIV 1 Kings 22:46 He rid the land of the rest of the male shrine prostitutes who remained there even after the reign of his father Asa. NLT 1 Kings 22:46 He banished from the land the rest of the male and female shrine prostitutes, who still continued their practices from the days of his father, Asa. NRS 1 Kings 22:46 The remnant of the male temple prostitutes who were still in the land in the days of his father Asa, he exterminated. NJB 1 Kings 22:47 The few male sacred prostitutes left over from the days of his father Asa, he expelled from the country. NAB 1 Kings 22:47 He removed from the land the rest of the cult prostitutes who had remained in the reign of his father Asa. YLT 1 Kings 22:46 And the remnant of the whoremongers who were left in the days of Asa his father he took away out of the land; GWN 1 Kings 22:46 He rid the land of the male temple prostitutes who were left there from the time of his father Asa. BBE 1 Kings 22:46 He put an end to the rest of those who were used for sex purposes in the worship of the gods, all those who were still in the land in the time of his father Asa. RSV 1 Kings 22:46 And the remnant of the male cult prostitutes who remained in the days of his father Asa, he exterminated from the land. NKJ 1 Kings 22:46 And the rest of the perverted persons, who remained in the days of his father Asa, he banished from the land. the remnant: 1Ki 14:24 15:12 Ge 19:5 De 23:17 Jdg 19:22 Ro 1:26,27 1Co 6:9 1Ti 1:10 Jude 1:7 1 Kings 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Deuteronomy 23:17+ “None of the daughters of Israel shall be a cult prostitute, nor shall any of the sons of Israel be a cult prostitute. 1 Kings 14:24+ There were also male cult prostitutes in the land. They did according to all the abominations of the nations which the LORD dispossessed before the sons of Israel. 1 Kings 15:12+ He also put away the male cult prostitutes from the land and removed all the idols which his fathers had made. EXPULSION OF MALE TEMPLE PROSTITUTES The remnant of the sodomites (qadesh) who remained in the days of his father Asa, he expelled from the land The irony of this word sodomites is that it has the root meaning of set apart or consecrated ones, but in this case they were "set apart" to unholy activities! The sodomites were men and women who engaged in sexual acts related to worship of the pagan gods. Despite Asa's opposition to these male cultic prostitutes (see 1 Kgs 15:12) some of them had managed to remain in the land. Isn't that typical of the nature of sin? We confess and repent but our fallen flesh always presents us with some residual elements of that sin! Jehoshaphat finished what his father had started. Believers will not finish eradicating sin until we are glorified and praise God forever free of the effects of sin. Bob Utley on sodomites (qadesh) - The name comes from the term "Kodosh" (BDB 873 II), which means "holy" or "sacred." This was the male counterpart of the "harlots" of v. 38. Together they were part of the sexual ritual to insure the fertility of the land and herds. See FERTILITY WORSHIP OF THE ANE Bob