Deuteronômio 19

Deuteronômio 19

Clarke - “The Jews inform us that the roads to the cities of refuge were made very broad, thirty-two cubits; and even, so that there should be no impediments in the way; and were constantly kept in good repair.” Grant - The Jews maintained that these roads had to be kept in good condition, that the directions to the cities were to be clear, and that the gates of the cities were never to be bolted and barred, so that they could be entered at any time by day or night. In this way anyone could travel to the cities without difficulty, and, therefore, quickly. They were all to be cities of the Levites (Num 35:6), selected from the Levites' forty-eight cities. That they were occupied by Levites would give those who had fled there confidence that their case would be handled in accordance with the Word of God.(What the Bible Teaches) Manslayer (murder)(07523) ratsach means to murder or slay, all 47 uses (in 40v and 18 refer to "manslayer") speaking of one human being killing another and never of a person killing an animal. Ratsach is never employed in contexts of war, capital punishment, or self-defense. The taking of a human life is the primary concept behind this word. The first use is in the commandment "Thou shalt not kill." (Ex 20:13) Ratsach refers to premeditated murder (Deut. 5:17; 1 Kgs. 21:19; Jer. 7:9), accidental killing (Nu. 35:11; Josh. 20:3), an act of revenge (Nu 35:27) and death from animal attack (Pr. 22:13). "Provocatively, Hosea refers to the lewdness of the priests that led people astray as being equal to murder (Hos. 6:9)." (Baker) Ratsach in Deut - Deut. 4:42; Deut. 5:17; Deut. 19:3; Deut. 19:4; Deut. 19:6; Deut. 22:26; So, is there a difference between murder and killing? First, it is important to note that not all killing is wrong. For instance, the apostle Paul talks about the right of the state to take the lives of evildoers (Romans 13:1-7). This relates to what is commonly referred to as capital punishment. Most countries have consequences for murder. In some cases this requires the life of the perpetrator and a suitable means of putting one to death is chosen and administered (Matthew 5:21; Exodus 21:14). Another instance of acceptable “killing” is that which is done during times of war and at the command of superiors. There were quite a few instances in Scripture where God endorsed and allowed the taking of other lives (1 Samuel 11; Judges 6–7). And finally, although far from acceptable, manslaughter is yet another form of killing someone. This unintentional act apparently happened so often in biblical times that cities of refuge were designated for the manslayer to seek refuge in (Exodus 21:13; Joshua 20). Again, it was never God’s intent to have to use such a drastic measure as taking one’s life to rectify a situation. So, God does make exceptions for the taking of another’s life as long as it lines up with His will. However, premeditated murder of an individual is never God’s will.(Gotquestions) Grant - there is a reference to the cities of refuge in Hebrews: "That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us" (Heb 6:18). The writer is encouraging the readers that the promise of God can never fail. He refers back to the great promise made in Genesis 22:16-17. God had made the promise and had confirmed it by an oath, and "an oath for confirmation is to them an end of all strife" (Heb 6:16), that is an end of all argument. This promise from God is an encouragement to those who "have fled for refuge". We have fled to the Lord for refuge, but there is one great difference. Whereas those who found shelter in the cities of refuge were not guilty of premeditated sin, we have been guilty, not only of what we may regard as "accidental sin" in the sense that we were overtaken by it, but also by deliberate sin. The Lord Jesus, therefore, provides refuge, even when we have deliberately sinned, although only those who repent from their sins enjoy such refuge. The purpose of fleeing was to "lay hold upon the hope set before us". The cities of refuge provided a temporary place of safety, but that provided by the Lord Jesus is eternal. (What the Bible Teaches) Deuteronomy 19:4 "Now this is the case of the manslayer who may flee there and live: when he kills his friend unintentionally, not hating him previously-- manslayer : De 4:42 Nu 35:15-24 previously, De 19:6 Ge 31:2 Jos 3:4 1Ch 11:2 Isa 30:33 Deuteronomy 18 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MANSLAYER SAFE IN CITY OF REFUGE Now this is the case of the manslayer (ratsach) who may flee there and live: when he kills his friend unintentionally (Heb = who strikes his neighbor without knowledge), not hating him previously (NLT - without previous hostility) -- Today we refer to this as manslaughter. In other words the city of refuge kept the person free of being avenged by a relative but only if the killing were accidental and not premeditated. However the manslayer was required to live in that city of safety until the death of the current High Priest (cf. Josh. 20:6). Unintentionally (KJV = ignorantly, NET = accidentally) is two words in Hebrew 1097. בְּלִי beliy a negative particle meaning not, without and 1847. דַּעַת daʿaṯ a feminine noun meaning knowledge, knowing, learning, discernment, insight, and notion