Jeremias 31

Jeremias 31

Clarke - No child shall suffer Divine punition for the sin of his father; only so far as he acts in the same way can he be said to bear the sins of his parents. Jeremiah 31:31 "Behold, days are coming," declares the LORD, "when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, A NEW COVENANT WITH ISRAEL AND JUDAH LXE Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Juda: KJV Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: NET "Indeed, a time is coming," says the LORD, "when I will make a new covenant with the people of Israel and Judah. ESV "Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, NIV "The time is coming," declares the LORD, "when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. NLT "The day is coming," says the LORD, "when I will make a new covenant with the people of Israel and Judah. ASV Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: Behold (02009) (hinneh) is an interjection that generally directs our mind to the text, imploring the reader to give it special attention. In short, the Spirit is trying to arrest our attention! It is notable that God uses uses hinneh when He establishes covenants (Ge 9:9,15:12, 17 [when Jehovah cut the Abrahamic covenant], Ge 17:4, cp Ge 28:13, 15), when He provided a sacrificial substitute for Isaac (foreshadowing His giving us His only Son!) (Ge 22:13). Days are coming - see preceding comment. In context, this is an eschatological phrase. Related Resources - The Jewish Problem-David Baron When I will make a new covenant - Jehovah initiates the covenant, not man. While this passage is the only OT use of the term "new covenant," it is clear that many other OT passages convey the message of a new covenant with other words and phrase - see New Covenant in the Old Testament. Walter Kaiser agrees writing "Based on similar content and contexts, the following expressions can be equated with the new covenant: the “everlasting covenant” in seven passages ( Jer. 32:40; 50:5; Ezek. 16:60; 37:26; Isa. 24:5; 55:3; 61:8), a “new heart” or a “new spirit” in three or four passages (Ezek. 11:19; 18:31; 36:26; Jer. 32:39 LXX), the “covenant of peace” in three passages (Isa. 54:10; Ezek. 34:25; 37:26), and “a covenant” or “my covenant” which is placed “in that day” in three passages ( Isa. 42:6; 49:8; Hos. 2:18–20; Isa. 59:21) —making a grand total of sixteen or seventeen major passages on the new covenant." Make (cut) (03772)(karath) literally means to cut, to cut off or to sever an object from its source or cut into parts and implies a violent action. For example, Zipporah "cut off her son’s foreskin." (Ex 4:25) Karath is used with beriyth meaning to "cut a covenant" or establish a covenant between two parties, either between God and men (Abrahamic Covenant = Ge 15:18, Mosaic Covenant = Ex 24:8, Dt 5:2-3, 9:9; see Abrahamic versus Mosaic and Abrahamic vs Old vs New) or between men (Ge 21:27, 32, 26:28, 31:44,2Sa 3:12-13, 21, 5:3; 1Sa 18:3, 20:15-16, 22:8, 23:18 between Jonathan and David [See discussion of their Covenant - Exchanging of Robes]; cutting covenant was prohibited = Ex 23:32, Dt 7:2, Jdg 2:2, a dictum which Joshua disobeyed - Josh 9:6-7,11). In the context of cutting covenant in Jer 31:31 karath is translated in the Lxx with the verb diatithemi which is used in the sense of making "a last will or testament" (Heb 9:16-note). Horner comments on the Hebrew verb making or cutting a new covenant - With regard to its addressees, the new covenant is plainly established with the nation of Israel through its Messiah who was, in covenantal terms, "cut," that is, "pierced because of our transgressions, crushed because of our iniquities" (Isa 53:5) (Ed: compare use of karath in Da 9:26-note "the Messiah will be cut off [karath]"). But through this new covenant "all the peoples [families] of the earth will be blessed" (Ge 12:3) as "wild olive branch[es]" that become engrafted into "the rich root of the cultivated olive tree" (Ro 11:17-note). (Future Israel - Why Christian Anti-Judaism Must Be Challenged - if you are wrestling with whether God is finished with Israel I would recommend this book by Horner). New (02319)(chadash from the verb chadash meaning to renew or repair) means new. The first use in Ex 1:8 describes "new king arose over Egypt, who did not know Joseph." Chadash describes a "new grain offering." (Lev 23:16, Nu 28:26). Chadash describes a new house (Dt 20:5, 22:8), a new wife (Dt 24:5) and "new" gods (Dt 32:17, Jdg 5:8), new wineskins (Josh 9:13 - the were not truly new - this was a lie calculated to fool Joshua; Job 32:19), new ropes (Jdg 15:13, 16:11), new cart (1Sa 6:7, 2Sa 6:3, 1Chr 13:7), new sword (2Sa 21:16), new cloak (1Ki 11:29-30), new jar (2Ki 2:20), new court (2Chr 20:5), new songs in Psalms (Ps 33:3; 40:3; 96:1; 98:1; 144:9; 149:1), New Gate (Jer 26:10; 36:10;). Solomon write "there is nothing new under the sun." (Eccl 1:9) Jeremiah speaking of Jehovah's compassions wrote that they "are new every morning; Great is Thy faithfulness." (Lam 3:23). Many of the uses of chadash in Isaiah have eschatological (prophetic) significance... Isaiah 42:9 “Behold, the former things have come to pass, Now I declare new things; Before they spring forth I proclaim them to you.” 10Sing to the LORD a new song, Sing His praise from the end of the earth! You who go down to the sea, and all that is in it. You islands and those who dwell on them.