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Bob Utley · Citado em PreceptAustin
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Utley on Ahimelech - There are several persons by this name in this priestly line, which causes confusion. (1) father of one of David's High Priests, Abiathar (Ahimelech I -- see chart above); (2) Ahimelech was one of the priests in the line of Eli who served at Nob and was killed by Saul (1 Samuel 21:1-15 and 1Sa 22:16) (3) a son of Abiathar (named Ahimelech in 1Ch 24:6 cf. 1Ch 18:16) or the genealogy is reversed in 2 Sam. 8:17 and 1 Chr. 24:6. Abiathar's support of one of David's older sons, Adonijah, for the kingship resulted in Solomon exiling him and his family from the temple service to live in their hometown of Anathoth. This fulfilled the earlier prophecy of Eli, the High Priest's, rejection (cf. 1Sa 3:12-14). Zadok (righteous) A son of Ahitub, of the line of Eleazar (2Sa 8:17; 1Ch 24:3) and Phinehas. Zadok was high priest in the time of David (2Sa 20:25) and Solomon (1Ki 4:4). He is first mentioned as coming to take part with David at Hebron (1Ch 12:27, 28). He was probably on this account made ruler over the Aaronites (1Ch 27:17). Zadok and Abiathar (Ahimelech) acted as "co-priests" on several important occasions (1Ch 15:11; 2Sa 15:24-29, 35, 36), Zadok serving in the Tabernacle at Gibeon (1Ch 16:39), and Abiathar serving in the temporary tent in Jerusalem. However when Adonijah sought to secure the throne as David was dying, Abiathar went with him, and therefore Solomon "thrust him out from being high priest," and Zadok, remaining faithful to David, became high priest alone (1Ki 2:26-27, 35; 1Ch 29:22). The removal of Abiathar (a descendant of Eli) fulfilled the prophecy against Eli and his family in 1Sa 2:31-35+ which had been partially fulfilled in the massacre of the priests of Nob (1Sa 22:11-19+) The death of Eli's two sons on the same day was the sign validating the prophetic judgment of Eli's line (1Sa 4:11,17+). 1 Chronicles 24:4 Since more chief men were found from the descendants of Eleazar than the descendants of Ithamar, they divided them thus: there were sixteen heads of fathers' households of the descendants of Eleazar and eight of the descendants of Ithamar, according to their fathers' households. more: 1Ch 15:6-12 sons of Eleazar: Nu 25:11-13 according: 1Ch 23:24 24 DIVISIONS OF PRIESTLY HOUSEHOLDS Since more chief men were found from the descendants of Eleazar than the descendants of Ithamar, they divided them thus: there were sixteen heads of fathers' households of the descendants of Eleazar and eight of the descendants of Ithamar, according to their fathers' households - NLT = "Eleazar's descendants were divided into sixteen groups and Ithamar's into eight, for there were more family leaders among the descendants of Eleazar." The line of Eleazar continued from the time of Moses until about 171 B.C., whereas the line of Ithamar's high priesthood was focused in the house of Eli and terminated when Abiathar was banished by Solomon for siding with Adonijah's attempt to take the throne (cf. 1Ki 2:35). Dividing the priests into 24 groups meant that each group would serve for two weeks out of the year. The way the Jewish year was divided meant that their service would gradually move around the calendar. This arrangement was reinstituted after the Exile and continued into NT times.
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Utley - Throughout the lists, especially in Nehemiah, a name stands for a family, not an individual. This makes it difficult to compare the lists of priests and Levites, so common in the Chronicler's writings (i.e., 1 and 2 Chronicles and Ezra, Nehemiah). 1 Chronicles 24:5 Thus they were divided by lot, the one as the other; for they were officers of the sanctuary and officers of God, both from the descendants of Eleazar and the descendants of Ithamar. they divided by lot: Jos 18:10 Pr 16:33 Jon 1:7 Ac 1:26 officers: 1Ch 9:11 2Ch 35:8 Ne 11:11 Mt 26:3 27:1 Ac 4:1,6 5:24 Related Passages: Jonah 1:7 Each man said to his mate, “Come, let us cast lots so we may learn on whose account this calamity has struck us.” So they cast lots and the lot fell on Jonah. Acts 1:26 And they drew lots for them (JUDAS' REPLACEMENT), and the lot fell to Matthias; and he was added to the eleven apostles. DUTIES ALLOCATED BY LOT Thus they were divided by lot, the one as the other; for they were officers of the sanctuary and officers of God, both from the descendants of Eleazar and the descendants of Ithamar - NET - "They divided them by lots, for there were officials of the holy place and officials designated by God among the descendants of both Eleazar and Ithamar." NLT = "All tasks were assigned to the various groups by means of sacred lots so that no preference would be shown, for there were many qualified officials serving God in the sanctuary from among the descendants of both Eleazar and Ithamar." Officers of God distinguishes the priests from civil officials. Casting lots was a common way of determining God’s will and assuring that David did not give preferential treatment. (described below). There could be no complaints, squabbles, accusations of fraudulent activity or of favoritism! Proverbs 18:18 says "The cast lot puts an end to strife and decides between the mighty ones." Obviously the descendants of Eleazar had more chances to serve in the sanctuary because of their larger size. The lot is cast into the lap, But its every decision is from the LORD. -- Proverbs 16:33 QUESTION - What was the practice of casting lots? ANSWER - The practice of casting lots is mentioned seventy times in the Old Testament and seven times in the New Testament. In spite of the many references to casting lots in the Old Testament, nothing is known about the actual lots themselves. They could have been sticks of various lengths, flat stones like coins, or some kind of dice; but their exact nature is unknown. The closest modern practice to casting lots is likely flipping a coin. The practice of casting lots occurs most often in connection with the division of the land under Joshua (Joshua chapters 14-21), a procedure that God instructed the Israelites on several times in the book of Numbers (Numbers 26:55; 33:54; 34:13; 36:2). God allowed the Israelites to cast lots in order to determine His will for a given situation (Joshua 18:6-10; 1 Chronicles 24:5,31). Various offices and functions in the temple were also determined by lot (1 Chronicles 24:5, 31; 25:8-9; 26:13-14). The sailors on Jonah’s ship (Jonah 1:7) also cast lots to determine who had brought God’s wrath upon their ship. The eleven apostles cast lots to determine who would replace Judas (Acts 1:26). Casting lots eventually became a game people played and made wagers on. This is seen in the Roman soldiers casting lots for Jesus’ garments (Matthew 27:35). The New Testament nowhere instructs Christians to use a method similar to casting lots to help with decision-making. Now that we have the completed Word of God, as well as the indwelling Holy Spirit to guide us, there is no reason to be using games of chance to make decisions. The Word, the Spirit, and prayer are sufficient for discerning God’s will today—not casting lots, rolling dice, or flipping a coin.GotQuestions.org Utley adds this note on lots - Whatever the means, casting lots was a way to determine the will of God (cf. Pro. 16:33, i.e., casting lots for (1) the tribal allocations in Num. 26:55-56; Joshua 14-19 (2) the two goats in Leviticus 16 (i.e., Day of Atonement) (3) who would live in the rebuilt Jerusalem in Neh. 11:1 (4)replacing Judas Iscariot with Matthias in Acts 1:26) 1 Chronicles 24:6 Shemaiah, the son of Nethanel the scribe, from the Levites, recorded them in the presence of the king, the princes, Zadok the priest, Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and the heads of the fathers' households of the priests and of the Levites; one father's household taken for Eleazar and one taken for Ithamar. scribe: 1Ki 4:3 2Ch 34:13 Ezr 7:6 Ne 8:1 Mt 8:19 13:52 23:1,2 fathers' household: Heb. house of the father, 1Ch 23:24 KING, ET AL WITNESS & RECORD THE COURSES Shemaiah (26 uses of this name for different individuals), the son of Nethanel the scribe, from the Levites, recorded them in the presence of the king, the princes, Zadok the priest, Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and the heads of the fathers' households of the priests and of the Levites; one father's household taken for Eleazar and one taken for Ithamar Scribe would refer to a court or temple recorder (cf. 2 Chr. 34:13), not a teacher like Ezra and later Judaism's rabbis. (SPECIAL TOPIC: SCRIBES) NLT = "Shemaiah son of Nethanel, a Levite, acted as secretary and wrote down the names and assignments in the presence of the king, the officials, Zadok the priest, Ahimelech son of Abiathar, and the family leaders of the priests and Levites. The descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar took turns casting lots." Jack Hay - The names to go "into the hat", as we would say, were written out by Shemaiah, a scribe from among the Levites. The "draw" was to be observed by a range of very credible witnesses including David himself, and representatives of those who would be affected by the outcome. While we can hardly imagine any modern circumstance that would approximate to this incident, the general principle of the need for fairness and transparency should be kept in mind: "Providing for honest things, not only in the sight of the Lord, but also in the sight of men" (2 Cor 8:21). That is a New Testament principle, and in its context it has to do with financial issues, but let it be a rule governing all our dealings with others. Another general principle emerging from this episode is the need for matters to be appropriately witnessed. The Lord Jesus highlighted this when speaking of an aggrieved brother. If he gets no satisfaction when raising his grievance with the offender, he should take "one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established" (Mt 18:16). On occasions there is the need for actions and conversations to be properly attested. (What the Bible Teaches – 1 Chronicles and 2 Chronicles) 1 Chronicles 24:7 Now the first lot came out for Jehoiarib, the second for Jedaiah, Jehoiarib: 1Ch 9:10 Ne 12:19, Joiarib to Jedaiah: Ezr 2:36 Ne 7:39 11:10 THE 24 COURSES BEGIN TO BE DESCRIBED Now the first lot came out for Jehoiarib, the second for Jedaiah - Jedaiah was head of the second course of priests, as they were divided in the time of David. (1Ch 24:7) Some of them survived to return to Jerusalem after the Babylonish captivity, as appears from (Ezra 2:36; Nehemiah 7:39) It is interesting that Jehoiarib means something like "Jehovah contends" and this priest was an ancestor of Mattathias in 1 Macc. 2:1, and was the one who instigated the Maccabean/ Hasmonean revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes of Judah in 167 B.C. 1 Chronicles 24:8 the third for Harim, the fourth for Seorim, Harim: Ezr 2:39 10:21 Ne 7:35 12:15 the third for Harim ("dedicated" or "flat-nosed) the fourth for Seorim ("barley"), 1 Chronicles 24:9 the fifth for Malchijah, the sixth for Mijamin, Mijamin: Ne 12:17, Miniamin the fifth for Malchijah, the sixth for Mijamin, 1 Chronicles 24:10 the seventh for Hakkoz, the eighth for Abijah, Abijah: Ne 12:4,17 Lu 1:5 the seventh for Hakkoz - Ezra 2:61-63 (JEWS WHO RETURNED AFTER 70 YEAR BABYLONIAN EXILE) "Of the sons of the priests: the sons of Habaiah, the sons of Hakkoz, the sons of Barzillai, who took a wife from the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and he was called by their name. 62 These searched among their ancestral registration, but they could not be located; therefore they were considered unclean and excluded from the priesthood. 63 The governor said to them that they should not eat from the most holy things until a priest stood up with Urim and Thummim." the eighth for Abijah ("LORD is my father") - The division assigned to Abijah descended to Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist would serve in the Jerusalem temple in the priestly division of Abijah (mentioned by Nehemiah in post-exilic returnees - Ne 12:4,17) In the days of Herod, king of Judea, there was a priest named Zacharias, of the division of Abijah; and he had a wife from the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth. (Luke 1:5+). Now it happened that while he (Zacharias) was performing his priestly service before God in the appointed order of his division, according to the custom of the priestly office, he was chosen by lot (RECALL THAT DAVID HAD SPECIFIED CASTING LOTS) to enter the temple of the Lord and burn incense. (Luke 1:8-9+) 1 Chronicles 24:11 the ninth for Jeshua, the tenth for Shecaniah, Jeshuah: Ezr 2:36 Ne 7:39 12:10 the ninth for Jeshua ("Yahweh is deliverance" ), the tenth for Shecaniah (dweller with Jehovah). 1 Chronicles 24:12 the eleventh for Eliashib, the twelfth for Jakim, Eliashib: Ne 12:10 the eleventh for Eliashib ("God restores"), the twelfth for Jakim ("He will raise") 1 Chronicles 24:13 the thirteenth for Huppah, the fourteenth for Jeshebeab, the thirteenth for Huppah ("canopy" or "protected"), the fourteenth for Jeshebeab ("dwelling of the father") 1 Chronicles 24:14 the fifteenth for Bilgah, the sixteenth for Immer, Immer: Ezr 2:37 10:20 Ne 7:40 the fifteenth for Bilgah ("cheerfulness"), the sixteenth for Immer ("he hath said") 1 Chronicles 24:15 the seventeenth for Hezir, the eighteenth for Happizzez, the seventeenth for Hezir (swine or strong), the eighteenth for Happizzez ("to break") 1 Chronicles 24:16 the nineteenth for Pethahiah, the twentieth for Jehezkel, the nineteenth for Pethahiah ("freed by Jehovah"), the twentieth for Jehezkel ("God strengthens"), 1 Chronicles 24:17 the twenty-first for Jachin, the twenty-second for Gamul, the twenty-first for Jachin ("He will establish"), the twenty-second for Gamul ("weaned") 1 Chronicles 24:18 the twenty-third for Delaiah, the twenty-fourth for Maaziah. the twenty-third for Delaiah ("Jehovah has drawn"), the twenty-fourth for Maaziah ("consolation of Jehovah") 1 Chronicles 24:19 These were their offices for their ministry when they came in to the house of the LORD according to the ordinance given to them through Aaron their father, just as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him. NET 1 Chronicles 24:19 This was the order in which they carried out their assigned responsibilities when they entered the LORD's temple, according to the regulations given them by their ancestor Aaron, just as the LORD God of Israel had instructed him. CSB 1 Chronicles 24:19 These had their assigned duties for service when they entered the LORD's temple, according to their regulations, which they received from their ancestor Aaron, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him. ESV 1 Chronicles 24:19 These had as their appointed duty in their service to come into the house of the LORD according to the procedure established for them by Aaron their father, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him. NIV 1 Chronicles 24:19 This was their appointed order of ministering when they entered the temple of the LORD, according to the regulations prescribed for them by their forefather Aaron, as the LORD, the God of Israel, had commanded him. NLT 1 Chronicles 24:19 Each group carried out its appointed duties in the house of the LORD according to the procedures established by their ancestor Aaron in obedience to the commands of the LORD, the God of Israel. These were their offices: 1Ch 9:25 2Ch 23:4,8 1Co 14:40 under Aaron: 1Ch 24:1 Heb 7:11 THE APPOINTED ORDER FOR DUTY IN TEMPLE These were their offices for their ministry when they came in to the house of the LORD - CSB = These had their assigned duties for service when they entered the LORD's temple." according to the ordinance given to them through Aaron their father, just as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him - CSB "according to their regulations, which they received from their ancestor Aaron, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him." Jack Hay - With the introduction of the system of courses for the priests, something new was emerging. Despite this innovation, the basic form of sanctuary activity would remain unchanged. Practices that had been in place since the days of Aaron were to be maintained, for they had been given to him by divine command, "as the Lord God of Israel had commanded him". As then, so now; while human arrangements can be altered, anything given by the command of the Lord, and incorporated in Holy Scripture, is non-negotiable. Passing centuries with changing culture and styles do not negate the teaching of the inspired Word of God. "Whatsoever he saith unto you, do it" (Jn 2:5).(What the Bible Teaches – 1 Chronicles and 2 Chronicles) 1 Chronicles 24:20 Now for the rest of the sons of Levi: of the sons of Amram, Shubael; of the sons of Shubael, Jehdeiah. Amram: 1Ch 6:18 23:12-14 Shubael: 1Ch 23:16 26:24, Shebuel ORGANIZATION OF NON-PRIESTLY LEVITES Now for the rest of the sons of Levi: of the sons of Amram ("exalted people"), Shubael ("captive of God"); of the sons of Shubael, Jehdeiah ("Jehovah is unity") - These names begin the list of Levites divided into 24 groups in order to match the 24 groups of the priests, of course serving as assistants to the priests. In a sense one might say they were serving in "second place," but not less important in the eyes of God, for the righteous, just Judge of all evaluates not as man evaluates! THOUGHT - Are you serving in "second place" like the Levites? Does that irritate you? The first thing you (I) need to do is die to self, deny self, take up your cross and follow Jesus who did not come to be served, but to serve (Mk 10:45+). (2) Second, we need a Holy Spirit energized spirit of willingness to be a servant of all. (Play "If You Want to Be Great in God's Kingdom" and live it out enabled by the Holy Spirit, not your fallen self-centered flesh [I look in the mirror when I write things like that!]! See Mk 10:42-44+) (2) Third, we need to remember we are to serve one another according to the basic pattern recorded by Peter writing that "each one (EVERY BELIEVER!) has received a special gift, employ it in serving one another as good stewards of the manifold grace of God. Whoever speaks, is to do so as one who is speaking the utterances of God; whoever serves is to do so as one who is serving by the strength which God supplies; so that (PURPOSE OF SELFLESS SERVICE, SERVING OTHERS) in all things God may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom belongs the glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen." (1Pe 4:10-11+) How are you doing dear bondservant of your Master Christ Jesus? 1 Chronicles 24:21 Of Rehabiah: of the sons of Rehabiah, Isshiah the first. Rehabiah: 1Ch 23:17 Isshiah: Probably Isshiah is a contracted form, or a corruption, of Jeshaiah. 1Ch 26:25, Jeshaiah Of Rehabiah ("Jehovah has enlarged"): of the sons of Rehabiah, Isshiah ("Jehovah will lend") the first. 1 Chronicles 24:22 Of the Izharites, Shelomoth; of the sons of Shelomoth, Jahath. Izharites: The original is uniformly Izharites. 1Ch 23:18 Ex 6:21 Nu 3:19,27, Izeharites Shelomoth: The variation of [Shelomiyth ] Shelomith, and Shelomoth, arises from the mutation of [Vav,] {wav} and [Yowd,] {yood}. 1Ch 23:18 26:26, Shelomith Of the Izharites, Shelomoth; of the sons of Shelomoth ("peaceful"), Jahath ("He will snatch up") 1 Chronicles 24:23 The sons of Hebron: Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, Jekameam the fourth. Jeriah: 1Ch 23:19 26:31, Jerijah The sons of Hebron: Jeriah (" taught by Jehovah") the first, Amariah ("Jehovah speaks") the second, Jahaziel ("beheld of God") the third, Jekameam ("let the people rise") the fourth 1 Chronicles 24:24 Of the sons of Uzziel, Micah; of the sons of Micah, Shamir. Michah: 1Ch 23:20, Micah Of the sons of Uzziel ("my strength is God"), Micah ("who is like God"); of the sons of Micah, Shamir ("a point" or "thorn") 1 Chronicles 24:25 The brother of Micah, Isshiah; of the sons of Isshiah, Zechariah. Isshiah: 1Ch 23:20, Jesiah Zechariah: 1Ch 15:18,20 The brother of Micah, Isshiah ("Jehovah will lend"); of the sons of Isshiah ("Jehovah will lend"), Zechariah ("remembered of Jehovah") 1 Chronicles 24:26 The sons of Merari, Mahli and Mushi; the sons of Jaaziah, Beno. The sons of Merari ("bitter"), Mahli ("sick") and Mushi ("yielding"); the sons of Jaaziah ("made bold by Jehovah"), Beno ("his son") 1 Chronicles 24:27 The sons of Merari: by Jaaziah were Beno, Shoham, Zaccur and Ibri. sons: 1Ch 6:19 23:21 Ex 6:19 Nu 3:20 The sons of Merari ("bitter"): by Jaaziah ("made bold by Jehovah") were Beno ("his son"), Shoham ("onyx"), Zaccur ("mindful") and Ibri ("Hebrew") 1 Chronicles 24:28 By Mahli: Eleazar, who had no sons. who had no sons: 1Ch 23:22 By Mahli ("sick"): Eleazar ("help of God"), who had no sons. 1 Chronicles 24:29 By Kish: the sons of Kish, Jerahmeel. Jerahmeel: i.e. God is merciful, 1Ch 2:9 By Kish ("a snare"): the sons of Kish, Jerahmeel ("may God have pity"). 1 Chronicles 24:30 The sons of Mushi: Mahli, Eder and Jerimoth. These were the sons of the Levites according to their fathers' households. Mushi: 1Ch 6:47 23:23 The sons of Mushi ("yielding"): Mahli ("sick"), Eder ("tower of the flock") and Jerimoth ("He is Most High"). These were the sons of the Levites according to their fathers' households. 1 Chronicles 24:31 These also cast lots just as their relatives the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, Zadok, Ahimelech, and the heads of the fathers' households of the priests and of the Levites--the head of fathers' households as well as those of his younger brother. lots: 1Ch 24:5,6 Nu 26:56 even the principal: The whole company being ranged according to their families, with the proper number of divisions, the order of their courses was assigned them by lot, without respect to rank or seniority. 1Ch 25:8 26:13 LOTS ALSO CAST BY THE LEVITES These also cast lots just as their relatives the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, Zadok, Ahimelech, and the heads of the fathers' households of the priests and of the Levites--the head of fathers' households as well as those of his younger brother. By casting lots no favoritism could be shown in kinds of service performed.