Deuteronômio 3
Bob Utley · Citado em PreceptAustin
Deuteronômio 3
Utley - The book of Hebrews is the best NT commentary on the Pentateuch. In Hebrews 4, the word “rest” is used three ways: (1) a seventh day rest as God rested after creation, the Sabbath (2) the Israelites rested after they conquered the Promised Land (cf. 12:10; 25:19; Josh. 23:1) (3) heaven, the eternal seventh-day rest. Here in Dt 3:20 “rest” refers to security, #2. Related Resource: Rest in the Bible How is Jesus our Sabbath Rest? | GotQuestions.org How can we enter into God’s rest? | GotQuestions.org How can we “rest in the Lord” (Psalm 37:7)? | GotQuestions.org What does the Bible say about rest and relaxation? | GotQuestions.org Deuteronomy 3:21 "I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, 'Your eyes have seen all that the LORD your God has done to these two kings; so the LORD shall do to all the kingdoms into which you are about to cross. I commanded: Nu 27:18-23 shall: Jos 10:25 1Sa 17:36,37 Ps 9:10 2Co 1:10 12:10 Eph 3:20 2Ti 4:17,18 Deuteronomy 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries JOSHUA WAS TO REPEAT THE VICTORIES HE HAD SEEN I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, 'Your eyes have seen all that the LORD your God has done to these two kings - Joshua had seen the "divine pattern" (and provision) for conquering the enemy! What Joshua had seen would feed his faith (as in Ro 10:17+), to cross over the Jordan and fight by faith. Past victories would encourage him that there would be future victories. And the same principle is true in our lives beloved. God may have given you victory today or this week or this year over a sin which heretofore so easily entangled you and tripped you up. Now it is a new day and we need to walk in the assurance that the same God Who gave the past victory is able and willing to give us future victories over our mortal, unresting adversaries, Remembering God’s past faithfulness is key to present and future victory. -- David Guzik THOUGHT - Do you keep a written record of God's faithfulness to you and your family? Given our human tendency to forgetfulness (which is becoming more common as I approach 75!), it would be a good practice to have a journal record of God's dealings with us in the past to encourage us to trust Him in the present and in the future. Maxwell - Throughout Deuteronomy, Moses continually cites the past blessings of God to encourage present decisions and actions. He knows that refocusing their attention will bring a positive response. So the LORD shall do to all the kingdoms into which you are about to cross - This reminds of the saying "Seeing is believing." Faith is not a leap into the dark, but is based on truth and it is a leap into the truth! What Joshua had personally witnessed was God's power over powerful pagan peoples. Moses is saying that Yahweh would do the same thing to the pagan peoples they would encounter on the western side of the Jordan. Moses is telling Joshua in effect now believe without seeing. Trust in the faithfulness of the LORD to keep His promises to the patriarchs (the land promise of the Abrahamic covenant) and now to the descendants of the patriarchs. Before the Face of God - We have seen that each time God renewed the covenant with his people, the first thing they did was to sin against him. Yet God remained faithful each time, renewing the covenant despite the sin. In the case of Israel, God initially removed himself from the camp when the people sinned at the golden calf, but after the tabernacle was built he moved back into their midst (Exodus 32–33, 40). The people sinned numerous times after this, but God forgave them again and again. Finally, when they refused to fight the giants and take the promised land, God cut them off. He declared that they had rebelled ten times (Num. 14:22–23) and that all of them would die in the wilderness. Their children would inherit the kingdom they had lost. Moses renewed the covenant with the children, telling them that he too would die in the wilderness. To understand why Moses was excluded from entering Canaan, we look at two incidents. In Exodus 17 it is told that Israel ran out of water soon after they came out of Egypt. They grumbled against Moses and put God on a kind of trial. God told Moses to take his rod of judgment and strike a rock in the presence of the law court of elders, and water would come forth. God put his glory cloud on the rock, and Moses brought the rod of judgment down on God and the rock, and water came out (Exod. 17:5–6). God was taking on the judgment the people deserved, and on that basis they were given water. A symbol is here shown to the people of an event they then could not understand, for it would be far in the future. One day the Messiah would be smitten on the cross, and water mixed with blood would pour from his side (John 19:34). A refreshing miracle for them has became a picture for us. Years later the congregation again needed water and God told Moses to take Aaron’s rod (the rod of prayer, not judgment) and speak to a rock, and water would come forth. The sins of the people angered Moses, however, and he lost his temper and struck the rock twice. God graciously gave water anyway, but he told Moses that, because he had failed to treat God as holy, Moses would not enter the land of promise (Num. 20:2–13). Coram Deo - Read and meditate on Numbers 20:12. To Moses much had been given. The biblical principle seems to be operating here that from Moses much was required. God let the people off nine times, but Moses only did one thing wrong, and he received the same punishment. Was this a “fair” punishment? What does Moses know about God’s holiness? What do you know about God? Read James 3 to get more insight into the principle involved. Deuteronomy 3:22 'Do not fear them, for the LORD your God is the one fighting for you.' Do not fear them: Isa 43:1,2 for the Lord: Dt 1:30 Dt 20:4 Ex 14:14 Nu 21:34 Jos 10:42 2Ch 13:12 20:17,29 Ps 44:3 Deuteronomy 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Resources: Deuteronomy 1:30 ‘The LORD your God who goes before you will Himself fight on your behalf, just as He did for you in Egypt before your eyes, Deuteronomy 20:4 for the LORD your God is the one who goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.’ Deuteronomy 31:6, 8 “Be strong and courageous, do not be afraid or tremble at them, for the LORD your God is the one who goes with you. He will not fail you or forsake you.”....(31:8) “The LORD is the one who goes ahead of you; He will be with you. He will not fail you or forsake you. Do not fear or be dismayed.” COMMENT - If Yahweh is fighting, your victory is assured! Exodus 14:14 “The LORD will fight for you while you keep silent.” Numbers 21:34 But the LORD said to Moses, “Do not fear him, for I have given him into your hand, and all his people and his land; and you shall do to him as you did to Sihon, king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon.” Joshua 10:42 Joshua captured all these kings and their lands at one time, because the LORD, the God of Israel, fought for Israel. Nehemiah 4:20 “At whatever place you hear the sound of the trumpet, rally to us there. Our God will fight for us.” THE WARRIOR IS THE LORD Do not fear them - Repeats Dt 3:2+ "Do not fear him, for I have delivered him and all his people and his land into your hand." For the LORD your God is the one fighting for you - See Related Passages above. The point is that Israel was not to rely solely on their fleshly arm of strength but was to trust in Yawheh's promise to fight for them. Moses was not telling Israel to "Let go, let God," but to "Let God, let's go!" God's sovereignty and Israel's responsibility (obedience to go in and possess their possessions). Recall what happened when Israel attempted to fight and the LORD was not with them! Read. Nu 14:39-45+ especially Nu 14:44+, Dt 1:42-43+ = ""Do not go up, nor fight, for I am not among you; lest you be defeated before your enemies."') THOUGHT - The lesson is choose your battles carefully and make sure the LORD is with you when you fight! It is best to "fight" your enemies (the world, the flesh and the devil) when the LORD is with you (1 Jn 4:4+). If you attempt to fight with the "arm of (your) flesh," (2 Chr 32:8, read Jer 17:5) you are sure to be soundly defeated! We see this pattern of fighting sin ( Sin = Principle) when the LORD is with us in Romans 8:13+ "if you are living according to the flesh, you must die; but (contrast) if by the Spirit (THE LORD IS WITH YOU AND) you are (present tense = continually) putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live." The corollary message is be wary of spiritual warfare if you have quenched (1 Th 5:19+) or grieved (Eph 4:30+) the Spirit, or else you will be fighting with natural, not supernatural strength! (See also "Paradoxical Principle of 100% Dependent and 100% Responsible" 100/100) Do not fear - 57v - Gen. 15:1; Gen. 21:17; Gen. 26:24; Gen. 35:17; Exod. 14:13; Num. 14:9; Num. 21:34; Deut. 1:21; Deut. 3:2; Deut. 3:22; Deut. 31:8; Jos. 8:1; Jos. 10:8; Jos. 10:25; Jdg. 6:23; Ruth 3:11; 1 Sam. 12:20; 2 Sam. 9:7; 2 Sam. 13:28; 1 Ki. 17:13; 2 Ki. 6:16; 2 Ki. 17:34; 1 Chr. 22:13; 1 Chr. 28:20; 2 Chr. 20:15; 2 Chr. 20:17; 2 Chr. 32:7; Ps. 55:19; Ps. 64:4; Isa. 10:24; Isa. 40:9; Isa. 41:10; Isa. 41:13; Isa. 41:14; Isa. 43:1; Isa. 43:5; Isa. 44:2; Isa. 51:7; Isa. 57:11; Jer. 10:5; Jer. 46:27; Jer. 46:28; Lam. 3:57; Joel 2:21; Joel 2:22; Hag. 2:5; Zech. 8:13; Zech. 8:15; Mal. 3:5; Matt. 10:26; Matt. 10:28; Matt. 10:31; Lk. 5:10; Lk. 12:7; Lk. 18:4; 1 Pet. 3:14; Rev. 2:10 Fighting )(03898) lacham Deuteronomy 3.22.G Campbell
Deuteronômio 3
Utley - These cities were built from volcanic rock blocks and were quite large. They presented a rather intimidating sight. Their size may have reflected the population of the race of people living there. However, the faith of the Israelites was stronger than their fear of the giants (cf. 2:20–24). Fortified (made "impenetrable") (01219) batsar) means to gather, restrain, fence, fortify, make inaccessible, enclose. Batsar refers to that which is inaccessible. A verb indicating to be inaccessible or make inaccessible, to be thwarted. It describes the possibility of something being done or accomplished or found out (Gen. 11:6). In its passive sense, it describes the impossibility of something being thwarted or frustrated, such as God’s counsel or purpose (Job 42:2). Used as a noun, it refers to unattainable knowledge or things, great and mighty things (NASB, Jer. 33:3). It means to strengthen or fortify in the sense of making a city or wall inaccessible (Isa. 22:10; Jer. 51:53). All uses in Deuteronomy - Deut. 1:28; Deut. 3:5; Deut. 9:1; Deut. 24:21; Deut. 28:52; THOUGHT - In the OT there were physical fortresses, but in the NT Paul describes spiritual fortresses which in some ways are more dangerous as they keep God's soul saving truth from penetrating one's mind and heart. And yet just was with Israel's confrontation of strong adversaries, God has given us as believers His supernatural power to destroy mental/spiritual fortresses, Paul writing "For though we walk in the flesh, we do not war according to the flesh, for (term of explanation) the weapons of our warfare are not of the flesh, but divinely powerful (dunatos) for the destruction (kathairesis - tearing down) of fortresses (ochuroma related to the word ochuros used here in the Septuagint to describe the cities as "fortified"). We are destroying speculations and every lofty thing raised up against the knowledge of God, and we are taking every thought captive to the obedience of Christ,." (2 Cor 10:3-5+) So may God by His grace and His Spirit enable each of us to continually "Be on the alert, stand firm in the faith, act like men, be strong. Let all that you do be done in love." (1 Cor 16:13-14+) In Jesus' victorious Name. Amen. Deuteronomy 3:6 "We utterly destroyed them, as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying the men, women and children of every city. we utterly: De 2:34 Dt 20:16-18 Lev 27:28,29 Nu 21:2 Jos 11:14 as we did: De 3:2 2:24,34 Ps 135:10-12 136:19-21 Deuteronomy 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Deuteronomy 20:16-18+ “Only in the cities of these peoples that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, you shall not leave alive anything that breathes (THIS REFERS TO HUMAN BEINGS FOR LIVESTOCK WERE TO BE BOOTY - Dt 3:7). 17 “But you shall utterly destroy them, the Hittite and the Amorite, the Canaanite and the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite, as the LORD your God has commanded you, 18 so that (PURPOSE [AND JUSTIFICATION] FOR SUCH COMPLETE CANAANITE GENOCIDE!) they may not teach you to do according to all their detestable things which they have done for their gods, so that (PURPOSE OF PREVENTING PAGAN TEACHING) you would sin against the LORD your God. Leviticus 18:24-26+ ‘Do not defile yourselves by any of these things; for by all these the nations which I am casting out before you have become defiled. 25 ‘For the land has become defiled, therefore I have brought its punishment upon it, so the land has spewed out its inhabitants. 26 ‘But as for you, you are to keep My statutes and My judgments and shall not do any of these abominations, neither the native, nor the alien who sojourns among you Deuteronomy 9:5+ “It is not for your righteousness or for the uprightness of your heart that you are going to possess their land, but it is because of the wickedness of these nations that the LORD your God is driving them out before you, in order to confirm the oath which the LORD swore to your fathers, to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Joshua 12:1-5 Now these are the kings of the land whom the sons of Israel defeated, and whose land they possessed beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the valley of the Arnon (SOUTH) as far as Mount Hermon (NORTH), and all the Arabah to the east: 2 Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, both the middle of the valley and half of Gilead, even as far as the brook Jabbok, the border of the sons of Ammon; 3 and the Arabah as far as the Sea of Chinneroth (Galilee) toward the east, and as far as the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, eastward toward Beth-jeshimoth, and on the south, at the foot of the slopes of Pisgah; 4 and the territory of Og king of Bashan, one of the remnant of Rephaim, who lived at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, 5 and ruled over Mount Hermon and Salecah and all Bashan, as far as the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and half of Gilead, as far as the border of Sihon king of Heshbon. ISRAEL'S MOTTO: TAKE NO PRISONERS The idiom take no prisoners means literally means to leave no enemies combatants alive, such as on a battlefield (i.e., to kill everyone instead of taking any prisoners). The military term is "No Quarter." NET = "We put all of these under divine judgment just as we had done to King Sihon of Heshbon– every occupied city, including women and children" (Dt 3:6NET) We utterly destroyed them ("devoted them to destruction" = ESV; "laid them under the curse of destruction" = NJB; "claimed them all for God" = GWN), as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying the men, women and children of every city - Note the Key Word is utterly destroyed! NET = "We put all of these under divine judgment" (Dt 3:6 NET) NET Note explains that "Divine judgment refers to God's designation of certain persons, places, and things as objects of his special wrath and judgment because, in his omniscience, he knows them to be impure and hopelessly unrepentant." Holman Old Testament Commentary - The phrase utterly destroyed translates a single Hebrew verb (charam), a term with a technical meaning, "to devote to destruction" as a religious act. It suggests that in putting the inhabitants of Bashan to the sword, Israel acted directly under divine instruction. As God will point out later (see Dt 20:16) and as Israel had already discovered to their shame, the nation would not prove resistant to the blandishments of an idolatrous native population. Had they left that population intact and simply moved in alongside them, Israel's spiritual history would have been even worse than it was. Utterly destroyed is used twice both times translated in the Septuagint with exolethreuo (from ek = intensifies meaning + olothreuo = to destroy, used in Heb 11:28+, Ex 12:23+; Jos 3:10) means to utterly destroy, root out, completely cut off, to eliminate by destruction The word never means cessation of existence or extinction but a change in state which involves judgment! Utley - This reflects the Hebrew concept of herem, or “under the ban” (cf. v.6). The following is a representative sample of OT references to this term which shows how it was used in different ways. The concept of herem or “holy war,” “ban,” or “corban”: 1. total destruction—nothing that breathes is left alive, nothing material can be taken out (cf. Deut. 20:16–18; 1 Sam. 15:3; Josh. 7) 2. kill all the people, but leave the cattle (cf. Deut. 2:34, 35; 3:6, 7) 3. kill only the men (cf. Deut. 20:10–15) The psalmist helps us understand why God at times commanded "radical surgery" for the moral cancer of a certain people group (Ps 106:34-42+) They (ISRAEL) did not destroy the peoples, As the LORD commanded them (THIS LED TO A MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE BOOK OF JUDGES AND ULTIMATELY LED TO THEIR EXILE), 35 But they mingled with the nations And learned their practices (THIS IS THE KEY - PLAYING WITH FIRE WILL USUALLY GET YOU BURNED!), 36 And served their idols, Which became a snare to them. 37 They even sacrificed their sons and their daughters to the demons (CHILD SACRIFICE AN ABOMINATION TO YAHWEH!), 38 And shed innocent blood, The blood of their sons and their daughters, Whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan; And the land was polluted with the blood (WOE TO AMERICA!). 39 Thus they became unclean in their practices, And played the harlot in their deeds. 40 Therefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against His people And He abhorred His inheritance. 41 Then He gave them into the hand of the nations, And those who hated them ruled over them (ASSYRIA AND BABYLON). 42 Their enemies also oppressed them, And they were subdued under their power.