Gênesis 8
Bob Utley · Citado em PreceptAustin
Gênesis 8
Utley - "remembered" This term (Qal IMPERFECT with waw) is used in the sense of God taking appropriate and personal action towards someone (cf. Gen. 8:1; 9:15,16; 19:29; 30:22). The covenant God is about to act again because of who He is and what He wants. Noah will be the beginning of a new humanity. W H Griffith Thomas on The Divine Preservation - God remembered Noah.' The servant was not forgotten by his Lord, and this point, which is the culminating thought of the section, shows the constant divine care of Noah and his family-There is only one thing that God forgets with reference to His children, that is, their sins. 'Their sins and iniquities will I remember no more.' (ED: Heb 8:12, Jer 31:34, cf Heb 10:17) As for God's people themselves, the words are blessedly and eternally true, 'They shall not be forgotten of Me. (Genesis 7 At the Flood) W H Griffith Thomas on The Lord's Action (Ge 8:1-5).—The divine judgment is now drawing to its close. The servant is remembered by God and the covenant established is now to be carried out in full. The waters from above and below were restrained, and the ark now100 rests in safety upon the mountains of Ararat. The place of rest seems to have been the territory known by the name of one of the peaks (cf. 2 Kings 19:37, R.V.). (Genesis 8 After the Flood) John
Gênesis 8
Utley - on subsided - This rare term (Qal IMPERFECT with waw) is used for the abating of the king's anger in Esther 2:1. The water here is an expression of God's anger over mankind's evil (cf. Ge 6:5,11,12,13). See Ge 6:5+. Pritchard on subsided - It is significant that the flood did not disappear in a day. The waters rose slowly and fell slowly. Even so, God usually works deliverance for us gradually, little by little, day by day, step by step. We don’t get into trouble overnight and we don’t get out of trouble overnight either. THOUGHT - Nothing can rush, change or hinder God’s designs for his children. In our doubt and confusion, we rest on this truth: God can make the dry ground appear anytime he chooses. We may feel forgotten and abandoned in the flood, but the dry land will appear in due time. African Study Bible There is always hope no matter the crisis. God remembers us even before we call, but He is pleased when we turn to Him in our troubles. He hears us and has the power to make the waters of our problems recede. Our trust in the all-powerful God gives us peace and enables us to face any problem. God always remembers us. Sometimes He causes our problems to resolve; other times He does not. But in every crisis He gives us the grace and strength to endure. Warren
Gênesis 8
Utley - Genesis 8:1-5 Notice how the repetitious literary pattern highlights the dropping water levels. the water subsided, Gen. 8:1 the water receded steadily from the earth, Gen. 8:3 the water decreased, Gen. 8:3 the water decreased steadily, Gen. 8:5 You can almost feel the water level drop bit by bit. The waters of chaos are being pushed back into their boundaries. waters above the vault waters around the dry land (i.e., the deep) Also notice that YHWH often uses a gradual natural activity. He could have done it instantly but He did it progressively, as He did in Genesis 1. God used natural means (not exclusively but often) to accomplish His will (Egyptian plagues [cf. Exodus 7-11], quails of the exodus [cf, Exod. 16:13], strong wind dried bottom of the Red Sea [cf. Exodus 14], landslide at the city of Adam stopped the Jordan River for Israel's crossing [cf. Josh. 3:16], etc). Usually these events use natural timing intensity locality God is sovereign but He created the physical realm and then used it for His purposes. Bob Utley - CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS There is an obvious parallel between Genesis 1:2,6-13 and Genesis 7, in that watery chaos of the original creation returns. SPECIAL TOPIC: WATERS There is an obvious parallel between Gen. 1 and Gen. 8 in God restoring a life-sustaining land compare Gen. 1:2 with 8:1 compare Gen. 1:6-7 with 8:2 compare Gen. 1:22,24 with 8:17 compare Gen. 1:28 with 9:1-2 Genesis 8:1-19 is a reversal of Gen. 7:11-24. This is surely literary structuring. See "Opening Statements" at Gen. 1:1-2:3, K. 3. Ark (08392) tebah is a box like structure which is used in only two settings in the OT - a "big box" referring to Noah's Ark (26 times). It is not the word used later for the “ark of the covenant,” but it is the word used for the ark of bulrushes in which Moses was hidden as a baby (Ex 2:3; 2:5+). In both situations the occupants were in danger of dying (God's judgment in the flood and Pharaoh's decree to kill the male infants) and in both situations the occupants were rescued from the water. So in both "divine rescues" the result was not just salvation for Noah and Moses, but respectfully the salvation and perpetuation of the human race and the deliverance of the Chose People. (See Epic of Gilgamesh which is a secular writing that parallels the Biblical account of the flood). Ronald Youngblood adds that "Noah's ark as a symbol of salvation is compared to the ordinance of baptism in 1 Peter 3:20f+, and as a symbol of God's protection from external evil, it was frequently sketched by the early Christians on the walls of the catacombs under the streets of ancient Rome." (TWOT) Tebah - 28x/25v - ark(26), basket(2). - Gen. 6:14; Gen. 6:15; Gen. 6:16; Gen. 6:18; Gen. 6:19; Gen. 7:1; Gen. 7:7; Gen. 7:9; Gen. 7:13; Gen. 7:15; Gen. 7:17; Gen. 7:18; Gen. 7:23; Gen. 8:1; Gen. 8:4; Gen. 8:6; Gen. 8:9; Gen. 8:10; Gen. 8:13; Gen. 8:16; Gen. 8:19; Gen. 9:10; Gen. 9:18; Exod. 2:3; Exod. 2:5 Ark in the Greek Septuagint (2787)(kibotos) means box, a wooden box, a coffer, a chest, a sea-faring vessel or boat like the ark (Latin - arca) of Noah (Moffatt says something like a barge) Note that kibotos is used for the Ark (aron) of the Covenant even though that Hebrew word for Ark (aron) is different than the Hebrew word for Noah's Ark (Mt 24:37-39+, Lk 17:26, 27+; Heb 11:7; 1 Pt 3:20, 4Macc 15:31). The ark of the covenant in the Holy of Holies (Heb 9:4; Rev 11:19). Kibotos - 6v - ark (6) - Matt. 24:38; Lk. 17:27; Heb. 9:4; Heb. 11:7; 1 Pet. 3:20; Rev. 11:19. Robert S. Candlish, a nineteenth-century expositor of Genesis, puts Noah’s possible train of thought like this: “Far down in the unfathomable depths below lies a dead and buried world. Noah, shut up in his narrow prison, seems to be abandoned to his fate. He cannot help himself. And in this universal visitation of sin—this terrible reckoning with sinners—why should he obtain mercy? What is he, that when all else are taken, he should be left? May he not be righteously suffered to perish after all? Is he not a sinner, like the rest? Does he not feel himself to be ‘the chief of sinners’?” (The book of Genesis expounded in a series of discourses) F B
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Utley on 40 - Forty ‒ number for time sometimes literal (exodus and wilderness wanderings, e.g., Ex 16:35); Dt. 2:7; 8:2 or can be literal or symbolic (1) flood, Ge 7:4,17; 8:6 (2) Moses on Mt. Sinai, Exod. 24:18; 34:28; Deut. 9:9,11,18,25 (3) divisions of Moses life: (a) forty years in Egypt (b) forty years in the desert (c) forty years leading Israel (4) Jesus fasted forty days, Matt. 4:2; Mark 1:13; Luke 4:2 THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE FLOOD There were forty days during which the rain fell 40 Throughout another 110 days the waters continued to rise, making 150 days in all for their “prevailing” (Ge 7:24) 110 The waters occupied 74 days in their “going and decreasing” (AV margin). This was from the 17th day of the seventh month to the 1st day of the tenth month (Ge 8:5). There being 30 days to a month, the figures in days are 13 plus 30 plus 30 plus 1 74 Forty days elapsed before Noah sent out the raven (Ge 8:6–7) 40 Seven days elapsed before Noah sent out the dove for the first time (Ge 8:8). This period is necessary for reaching the total and is given by implication from the phrase “other seven days” (Ge 8:10) 7 Seven days passed before sending out the dove for the second time (Ge 8:10) 7 Seven days more passed before the third sending of the dove (Ge 8:12) 7 Up to this point 285 days are accounted for, but the next episode is dated the 1st of the first month in the 601st year. From the date in Ge 7:11 to this point in Ge 8:13 is a period of 314 days; therefore an interval of 29 days elapses 29 From the removal of the covering of the ark to the very end of the experience was a further 57 days (Ge 8:14) 57 TOTAL 371 This table appears in E. F. Kevan’s commentary on Genesis in The New Bible Commentary, ed. F. Davidson (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1953), pp. 84–85 (BORROW). As is pointed out in our discussion below, the Flood probably reached its maximum depth after the first forty days, instead of rising throughout the 150 days as Kevan indicates. - From The Genesis Flood - Whitcomb and Morris, page 2. (BORROW) Gotquestions.org - How long was Noah on the ark? Noah entered the ark in the 600th year of his life, on the 17th day of the 2nd month (Genesis 7:11-13). Noah left the ark on the 27th day of the 2nd month of the following year (Genesis 8:14-15). Therefore, assuming a lunar calendar of 360 days, Noah was on the ark for approximately 370 days. HERE IS ANOTHER CHRONOLOGY The Flood Chronology - John MacArthur In the 600th year of Noah (second month, tenth day), Noah entered the ark (Ge 7:4, 10, 11). In the 600th year of Noah (second month, seventeenth day), the flood began (Gen. 7:11). The waters flooded the earth for 150 days (5 months of 30 days each), including the 40 days and 40 nights of rain (Gen. 7:12, 17, 24; 8:1). In the 600th year of Noah (seventh month, seventh day), the waters began to recede (Ge 7:24; 8:1). The waters later receded to the point that (600th year, seventh month, seventeenth day) the ark rested on Ararat (Gen. 8:3, 4). The waters continued to abate so that (600th year, tenth month, first day) the tops of the mountains were visible (Gen. 8:5). Forty days later (600th year, eleventh month, tenth day) Noah sent out a raven and a dove (Gen. 8:6). Over the next 14 days, Noah sent out two more doves (Gen. 8:10, 12). In all, this took 61 days or two months and one day. By Noah’s 601st year on the first month, the first day, the water had dried up (Gen. 8:12, 13). Noah waited one month and twenty-six days before he disembarked in the second month, the 27th day of his 601st year. From beginning to end, the Flood lasted one year and ten days from Gen. 7:11 to Gen. 8:14. Genesis 8:7 and he sent out a raven, and it flew here and there until the water was dried up from the earth. a raven - Lev 11:15 1Ki 17:4,6 Job 38:41 Ps 147:9 Genesis 8 Resources - Multiple sermons and commentaries THE RAVEN TO RECONNOITER BUT IT DOES NOT RETURN and he sent out a raven, and it flew here and there until the water was dried up from the earth - It is interesting that Noah first sends out an unclean bird (Lev 11:13, 15, Dt 14:12, 14) who did not return. Flew here and there is not clear but is it clear the raven had to survive for this species to propagate (because there were only 2 on the Ark). Presumably he found carrion among the dead carcasses strewn throughout the area. It seems that Noah would have then known there were dead bodies that had drowned in the flood. God had told him there would be no survivors of this catastrophe. While God killed the sinners with the flood, their bodies would have still been present. The text does not not relate what Noah and family might have seen when they venture out but theoretically it could have been quite a horrendous scene! THOUGHT - It is worth mentioning that both the raven and the dove have been allegorized, respectively as "Satan" and the "Holy Spirit." These "interpretations" seem a bit far fetched and demonstrate the potential danger of allegorical interpretation, which is especially prominent in commentaries on the Revelation. The safest approach to ensure the most accurate interpretation of the Bible is to read the text literally.
Gênesis 8
Utley - "The Lord smelled the soothing aroma" This phrase is used in the Bible in the sense of God accepting an offering (especially Leviticus and Numbers). It does not imply that the meat was food for God as it was in the Gilgamesh Epic (cf. Gen. 11:159-161). The Bible never views the sacrificial system as food for divine beings as the surrounding nations did. NET NOTE - The LORD “smelled” (וַיָּרַח, vayyarakh) a “soothing smell” (רֵיחַ הַנִּיהֹחַ, reakh hannihoakh). The object forms a cognate accusative with the verb. The language is anthropomorphic. The offering had a sweet aroma that pleased or soothed. The expression in Lev 1 signifies that God accepts the offering with pleasure, and in accepting the offering he accepts the worshiper. And the LORD said to Himself, "I will never again curse the ground on account of man - The LORD spoke these words not to Noah but to Himself. God had cursed the ground because of Adam’s sin (Ge 3:17) and had added a further curse because of Cain’s sins (Ge 4:11–12) The acceptance of the sacrifice is followed by assurance of no curse of the ground by a flood. God would speak this promise in the form of a solemn, binding covenant with Noah and all creation in Genesis 9:11 and Genesis 9:15+. The Edenic curse is still in effect, of course, but there would be no other curse added. We await the ultimate removal of the curse in the New Heaven and New Earth for in Rev 22:3/revelation-22-commentary#22:3 we read "There will no longer be any curse."