Lucas 22
Bob Utley · Citado em PreceptAustin
Lucas 22
Utley - Sifting was a process of (1) shaking grain through a strainer to remove dirt and small stones and other impurities before preparing it to eat or (2) separating the grain from the chaff by winnowing. Here it is metaphorical of a time of testing. Behold (Pay Attention! Watch Out!)(2400)(idou) is used to grab the hearer's (or reader's) attention. Idou uses in Luke - Lk. 1:20; Lk. 1:31; Lk. 1:36; Lk. 1:38; Lk. 1:44; Lk. 1:48; Lk. 2:10; Lk. 2:34; Lk. 2:48; Lk. 5:12; Lk. 6:23; Lk. 7:27; Lk. 7:34; Lk. 9:30; Lk. 10:3; Lk. 10:19; Lk. 11:31; Lk. 11:32; Lk. 11:41; Lk. 13:7; Lk. 13:16; Lk. 13:30; Lk. 13:32; Lk. 13:35; Lk. 14:2; Lk. 15:29; Lk. 17:21; Lk. 17:23; Lk. 18:28; Lk. 18:31; Lk. 19:8; Lk. 19:20; Lk. 22:10; Lk. 22:21; Lk. 22:31; Lk. 22:38; Lk. 22:47; Lk. 23:14; Lk. 23:15; Lk. 23:29; Lk. 24:4; Lk. 24:13; Lk. 24:49; Satan (4567)(satanas) means adversary the supernatural being who continually opposes and attacks God's people. He is neither omniscient, omnipotent nor omnipresent. God keeps him on a chain and he can do only what God allows. Remember that in spiritual warfare, the battle is not a power struggle but a truth struggle because he is a master of deception and lies. Demanded (1809)(exaiteo from ek/ex = from, out of + aiteo = to ask) is used only here and means to ask for with emphasis and with implication of having a right to do so. Zodhiates has "To claim back, require something to be delivered up. In the mid. voice as a deponent verb, exaitéomai, to claim back for oneself." Strong's definition is a bit interpretative "to ask that one be given up to one from the power of another." BDAG says "to ask for with emphasis and with implication of having a right to do so." Mattoon adds that exaiteo "means "to beg for one's self; to ask that one be given up to one from the power of another; to demand for the purpose of torture and punishment." The word indicates the limitations of Satan's power and the fact there is one more powerful than he... the Lord. Thank God for that!" Sift (4617)(siniazo) means literally to sift or shake as in a sieve, to winnow, as separating chaff from grain. Figuratively it means "to try one's faith to the verge of overthrow." (Strong). The idea is character refinement, testing out, taking away the bad from the good This verb is used only here in the NT and is not in the Septuagint. SIFTING THE GRAIN When the winnowing process is over, then comes the sifting of the grain. The wheat or barley will still be more or less mixed with certain amounts of chaff, little stones, and perhaps some tares. Sifting is therefore necessary before the grain can be ground into meal. This is the task of the women. The sifter seats herself on the floor, and shakes the sieve which contains the grain, until the chaff begins to appear on the top, and this is blown away by lung power. The stones are removed as are also the tares. The LORD JESUS made reference to the "sifting" of Simon Peter. He said: "Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat: But I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not; and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren" (Luke 22:31). [Manners And Customs of Bible Lands] Wheat (4621)(sitos) means wheat or grain in general. Gilbrant on wheat, sitos "is used in classical (Homer), literary (Philo, Josephus), and nonliterary (papyri) Greek writings as a general term for “grain” (e.g., wheat, barley; cf. Liddell-Scott). In both the Septuagint and the New Testament sitos denotes “wheat” or “grain” (“corn” in the KJV means “grain” or “wheat”) in its literal sense (Genesis 30:14; Psalm 81:16 [LXX 80:16]; Luke 16:7). Often it is used symbolically for the life of a righteous person (versus the unrighteous) who at death will be rewarded by God with a new, resurrected life (cf. 1 Corinthians 15:37; John 12:24) in heaven with God (cf. Matthew 3:12; 13:25,29). Sitos is also used figuratively to denote a severe test (Luke 22:31) or the Word of God which comes to fruition on its own accord (Mark 4:28)." (Complete Biblical Library) Sitos - 14x in 14v - Matt. 3:12; 13:25, 29f; Mk. 4:28; Lk. 3:17; 12:18; 16:7; 22:31; Jn. 12:24; Acts 27:38; 1 Co. 15:37; Rev. 6:6; 18:13 Sitos - 80x in Septuagint - Gen. 27:28, 37; 41:35, 49; 42:2f, 25f; 43:2; 44:2; 47:12ff; Num. 18:12, 27; Deut. 7:13; 11:14; 12:17; 14:23; 15:14; 18:4; 28:51; 33:28; Jos. 5:11f; Jdg. 6:11; 2 Ki. 18:32; 1 Chr. 21:23; 2 Chr. 2:10, 15; 31:5; 32:28; Neh. 5:2f, 10f; 10:37, 39; 13:5; Job 3:24; 5:26; 6:5, 7; 12:11; 15:23; 30:4; 33:20; 38:41; 39:29; Ps. 4:7; 65:13; Prov. 3:10; 4:17; 11:26; 20:4; 31:27; Cant. 7:2; Isa. 36:17; 62:8; Jer. 23:28; 31:12; Lam. 2:12; Ezek. 27:17; 36:29; Hos. 2:8f, 22; 7:14; 9:1; 14:7; Joel 1:10, 17; 2:19, 24; Hag. 1:11; Zech. 9:17 Related Resource: Why does God allow us to go through trials and tribulations? Illustration - A shipwrecked man managed to reach an uninhabited island. There, to protect himself against the elements and to safeguard the few possessions he had salvaged, he painstakingly built a little hut from which he constantly and prayerfully scanned the horizon for the approach of a ship. Returning one evening after a search for food, he was terrified to find the hut completely enveloped in flames. Yet by divine mercy this hard affliction was changed into a mighty advantage. Early the following morning he awoke to find a ship anchored off the island. When the captain stepped ashore, he explained, "We saw your smoke signal and came." Everything the marooned man owned had to be destroyed before he could be rescued. The trials and adversities of life are never pleasant, but it in them that we learn the secrets of dependence, of grace, of hope and of His presence. None of us wishes for trials or adversity, but it is through them that God refines the metal of our lives and molds us into His image. Just as metal is placed in a furnace and heated to a white hot state so the dross can be removed, God allows us to enter the furnace of affliction so that He might refine and purify our lives. Of course, the most difficult of the adversities we face is that which comes from sin and the attack of the devil. When we are forced to enter that furnace, the potential for pain is greatest....This passage lets us know that we do not have to fail in the attacks of life. We do not have to crawl away in defeat, never to be heard from again. I want to show you that anyone can endure the trials, tests and adversities of life. I want to show you that even if you have failed, you can still rise from the ashes and salvage what Satan has attempted to destroy. I want to share, from this passage, some Help For Sifted Saints. (Alan Carr) Steven
Lucas 22
Utley has an interesting comment on John 12:26 - This is a PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE which speaks of an ongoing relationship (cf John 15). This is the neglected biblical issue of perseverance. This issue is often confused by the theological tension between a Sovereign God and human volition. However, it is best to see salvation as a covenental experience. God always initiates (cf. John 6:44, 65) and sets the agenda, but He also demands that mankind respond to His offer in repentance and faith (cf. Mark 1:15; Acts 20:21), both as an initial decision and a lifelong discipleship. Perseverance is evidence that we know Him (ED: See Mt. 10:22; 13:20–21; Mt 24:13,Mk 13:13, Lk 8:15, Heb 3:6, 14, Heb 10:39, Rev 2:10, Gal. 6:9; 1Jn 2:19; Rev. 2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21). Christian doctrine, being Bible-based, often comes in paradoxical, tension-filled pairs. Eastern literature is characterized by this figurative, contrasting thought patterns. Often modern western readers force the paradoxes into either/or choices when they are meant to be both/and truths. (See Spiritual Paradox in the Christian Life) As noted above, but worth repeating as it is such a mind boggling truth, Jesus uses diakoneo to speak of Himself when He returns in Luke 12:37+ "Blessed are those slaves (doulos) whom the master will find on the alert (O, TO BE FOUND ON THE ALERT TO NOT MISS THIS BLESSING!!!) when he comes; truly I say to you, that he will gird himself to serve (ADDED TO TRANSLATION), and have them recline at the table, and will come up and wait (diakoneo) on them."!!! The upshot? Stay alert as His willing doulos! Play the old chorus Do You Want to be Great in God's Kingdom (and then practice it empowered by the Holy Spirit and Holy Word) - If you wanna be great in God's kingdom, Learn to be the servant of all. If you wanna be great in God's kingdom, Learn to be the servant of all. Learn to be the servant of all. Learn to be the servant of all. This teaching echoes Mt 20:28 where Jesus said "just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom (lutron/lytron) for many.” Jesus entire life and mission was shaped by His commitment to serve, not to be served. His ultimate act of service of course was the giving of His life on the Cross and for His disciples, service often entails "death to self." Life Application Commentary - Being a "servant" did not mean occupying a servile position; rather, it meant having an attitude of life that freely attended to others' needs without expecting or demanding anything in return.
Lucas 22
Utley - The Mount of Olives is really a ridge to the east of Jerusalem running about 2.5 miles. It is about 300–400’ higher than the city. This makes it a beautiful place to overlook the holy city and the temple. Jesus apparently camped out here while in Jerusalem (cf. 21:37). David Guzik on to the mount of Olives - Jesus had spent His nights there during that week (Luke 21:37), and He refused to change this routine, even though He knew it meant that Judas could easily find Him. And the disciples also followed Him - So the 11 remaining loyal disciples came with Jesus to the Garden of Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives. And remember it was Thursday night. THOUGHT - In Luke the phrase Follow Me in the present imperative is found in Lk. 5:27; Lk. 9:23; Lk. 9:59; Lk. 18:22. Apparently He did not need to command them any longer to follow Him, for they followed out of loyalty and love, having just witnessed a flagrant example of disloyalty and evil in the betrayal of Judas. Do you follow Him? Do you follow Him because you are commanded to do so or because you desire to do so out of loyalty and love for Jesus? Matthew Henry's Concise - Lk 22:39-46. Every description which the evangelists give of the state of mind in which our Lord entered upon this conflict, proves the tremendous nature of the assault, and the perfect foreknowledge of its terrors possessed by the meek and lowly Jesus. Here are three things not in the other evangelists. 1. When Christ was in his agony, there appeared to him an angel from heaven, strengthening him. It was a part of his humiliation that he was thus strengthened by a ministering spirit. 2. Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly. Prayer, though never out of season, is in a special manner seasonable when we are in an agony. 3. In this agony his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down. This showed the travail of his soul. We should pray also to be enabled to resist unto the shedding of our blood, striving against sin, if ever called to it. When next you dwell in imagination upon the delights of some favourite sin, think of its effects as you behold them here! See its fearful effects in the garden of Gethsemane, and desire, by the help of God, deeply to hate and to forsake that enemy, to ransom sinners from whom the Redeemer prayed, agonized, and bled. Custom (habit)(1485)(ethos from etho = to be used, to be accustomed) refers to a usual or customary manner of behavior, habit, pattern of behavior which is more or less fixed by tradition or the usual practice. It may be established by law or otherwise generally sanctioned by the society. Disciples (3101)(mathetes from manthano = to learn which Vine says is "from a root math, indicating thought accompanied by endeavor". Gives us our English = "mathematics") describes a person who learns from another by instruction, whether formal or informal. Discipleship includes the idea of one who intentionally learns by inquiry and observation (cf inductive Bible study) and thus mathetes is more than a mere pupil. A mathetes describes an adherent of a teacher. Followed (190)(akoloutheo from a = expresses union with, likeness + keleuthos = a road, way) means to walk the same road (Ponder that simple definition dear believer - Am I willing to walk the same road as Jesus?) James Smith - GETHSEMANE Luke 22:39–54 “So, as thou wert the seed and not the flower, Having no form or comeliness in chief, Sharing thy thought with thy acquaintance grief, THOU wert despised, rejected in Thine hour Of loneliness and God triumphant power.” —MACDONALD. There is a deep, soul-moving pathos in these words: “He went, as He was wont, to the Mount of Olives.” This was Christ’s prayer-closet, and this was His last, and for ever memorable visit. The saving interests of a dying world, and the eternal honour of His Holy Name are now to be cast into the crucible. The issues of this night’s awful work will affect Heaven, earth, and hell, and stretch out to the uttermost ages of eternity. In a garden the first Adam fell through sin; in a garden the second Adam triumphed through suffering. Gethsemane was to Christ a place of— I. Solemn Loneliness. “He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s cast” (Lk 22:41). Far enough to be beyond their reach of help. He trod the wine-press of atoning suffering alone. On the great day of atonement the High Priest alone had to do the work (Lev. 16:29–30). “Jesus paid it all.” “Nothing in my hand I bring.” II. Prayerful Resignation (Lk 22:42). This woeful cup was enough to crush into nothing an ordinary mortal. Christ knew its terrible contents, for He well knew the holiness of God and the heinousness of sin. The only way this cup could pass from us was through the “nevertheless, not My will,” of Jesus Christ. III. Heavenly Succour. “There appeared an angel strengthening Him” (Lk 22:43). This angel was highly honoured in having a hand in such needful and glorious work. Doubtless he would be remembered for it after the Ascension. Will we not feel like thanking Him when we go to Heaven for strengthening the Redeemer in His way to make atonement for our sins? IV. Awful Suffering. The agonising prayer and the “drops of blood” tell of a tender, sensitive heart, crushed and bruised in the mortar of love by the weight of hated sin—not His own (2 Cor. 5:21). But this prayer, with strong crying and tears, was heard (Heb. 5:7). If sin imputed to Him brought such agony of soul, “How shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation?” V. Cruel Betrayal (Lk 22:47, 48). The kiss of Judas was to the “Man of Sorrows” as the bite of a serpent. This was the first salutation Christ received from man after taking the cup of the curse on his behalf. “Man’s inhumanity to man” is as nothing compared with his inhumanity to God. We but give Jesus the Judas kiss when we give Him the lips of profession and deny him a heart of love. VI. Merciful Miracle (Lk 22:50–51). Even Christ’s own unparalleled sufferings did not check His sympathy for the misfortunes of an enemy. “He touched his ear,” undoing the revenge of Peter’s sword. What self-forgetting love was His! The power that healed the ear could have hurled the whole band of mockers into perdition. VII. Satanic Power. “This is your hour, and the power of darkness” (Lk 22:52, 53). All who oppose Jesus Christ are acting as the agents of the Devil. The triumph of the wicked is short (Job 20:5). Creatures that live in the dark are usually fierce and furious. Walk in the light (John 3:19–21). A W Tozer on Disciples - True discipleship is obeying Jesus Christ and learning of Him and following Him and doing what He tells you to do, keeping His commandments and carrying out His will. That kind of a person is a Christian—and no other kind is. A true disciple has not taken an impulsive leap in the dark. That person is one who has become a Christian after deep thought and proper consideration. A true disciple has reached the point in Christian experience where there is no turning back. Follow him or her for 24 hours of the day and night. You will find you can count on that person's faithfulness to Christ and his or her joyful abiding in the Word of God. A true disciple has felt the sense of personal sin and the need to be released from it. There is nothing that Jesus has ever done for any of His disciples that He will not do for any other of His disciples! A true disciple has allowed the Word of God to search his or her heart A true disciple has come to believe that Jesus Christ is the only person who can release him or her from guilt. A true disciple has committed himself or herself without equivocation, without reservation to Jesus Christ the Savior. A true disciple does not consider Christianity a part-time commitment. That person has become a Christian in all departments of his or her life. Christianity on impulse is not the answer to discipleship. God isn't going to stampede us into the kingdom of God. As Christian disciples, we should be whatever we are wherever we are. Like a diamond. A diamond doesn't adjust—it is always a diamond. And so, Christians ought always to be Christians. We are not Christians if we have to wait for the right atmosphere to practice our religion. We are not Christians if we have to go to church to be blessed. We are not Christians until we are thoroughly Christ's—until we have reached the point of no return, not seasonal anymore—but regular always. Then, the Lord says, we are real disciples. We are following on to know the Lord! (The Tozer Quotable II: More Wise Words with a Prophetic Edge) Luke 22:40 When He arrived at the place, He said to them, "Pray that you may not enter into temptation." KJV Luke 22:40 And when he was at the place, he said unto them, Pray that ye enter not into temptation. Pray Luke 22:46; 11:4; 1 Chronicles 4:10; Ps 17:5; 19:13; 119:116,117,133; Pr 30:8,9; Mt 6:13; 26:41; Mark 14:38; 2 Cor 12:7-10; Ephesians 6:18,19; 1 Peter 4:7; 5:8,9; Revelation 3:10 See in depth discussion on parallel passage Matthew 26:41 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Parallel passages: (Jesus praying in the Garden is in the Synoptics but not John). Matthew 26:36 Then Jesus came with them to a place called Gethsemane, and said to His disciples, “Sit here while I go over there and pray.” Mark 14:32+ They came to a place named Gethsemane; and He said to His disciples, “Sit here until I have prayed.” When He arrived at the place - From the other Gospels, "the place" was the Garden of Gethsemane. We don't know exactly what time of the night it was, but very likely it was close to midnight. The Jewish regulations called for the Passover meal to be consumed before midnight. It would have taken them some time to leave the city and make their way up the mount. Gethsemane means "olive press" and this was apropos considering the fact that Jesus would be pressed hard by thoughts of the impending crucifixion. William Barclay on the Garden of Gethsemane - The space within Jerusalem was so limited that there was no room for gardens. Many well-to-do people, therefore, had private gardens out on the Mount of Olives. Some wealthy friend had given Jesus the privilege of using such a garden, and it was there that Jesus went to fight his lonely battle. The following chart is from Rod Mattoon The Garden of Eden The Garden of Gethsemane All was delightful. All was dreadful & despicable. Adam parleyed with Satan. The Last Adam, Jesus, prays with the Father. Adam disobeyed and sinned. The Savior suffered and obeyed. Adam is conquered by sin. Jesus conquered His own will. Adam took fruit from Eve's hand. Christ took the cup from His Father's hand. God sought for Adam. The Last Adam sought God His Father. The Self-indulgence of Adam ruined us. The agonies of the Second Adam restored us. Adam's attitude, "My will be done." Jesus' attitude was, "Thy will be done." Mattoon on garden in Scripture - Man was created in the Garden of Eden. In Genesis chapter two, we find a garden of tragedy where the seeds of death were planted. The events that took place in Eden led to the events in Gethsemane, which is the garden of testing where death stalked our Savior and beat at His door.
Lucas 22
Utley - ‘but Peter was following at a distance” The Gethsemane arrest caused most of the disciples to flee in fear of arrest. However, John may have known people in the High Priest’s family, for apparently he was present at the trials before the Jewish leaders. Peter, too, did not completely desert Jesus, but followed at a distance. He could not stay with Jesus, but he could not leave either (cf. Matt. 26:58; Mark 14:54). Matthew Henry Concise - Verses 54-62. Peter's fall was his denying that he knew Christ, and was his disciple; disowning him because of distress and danger. He that has once told a lie, is strongly tempted to persist: the beginning of that sin, like strife, is as the letting forth of water. The Lord turned and looked upon Peter. 1. It was a convincing look. Jesus turned and looked upon him, as if he should say, Dost thou not know me, Peter? 2. It was a chiding look. Let us think with what a rebuking countenance Christ may justly look upon us when we have sinned. 3. It was an expostulating look. Thou who wast the most forward to confess me to be the Son of God, and didst solemnly promise thou wouldest never disown me! 4. It was a compassionate look. Peter, how art thou fallen and undone if I do not help thee! 5. It was a directing look, to go and bethink himself. 6. It was a significant look; it signified the conveying of grace to Peter's heart, to enable him to repent. The grace of God works in and by the word of God, brings that to mind, and sets that home upon the conscience, and so gives the soul the happy turn. Christ looked upon the chief priests, and made no impression upon them as he did on Peter. It was not the mere look from Christ, but the Divine grace with it, that restored Peter. Arrested (4815)(sullambano from sun/syn = together with + lambáno = to take, to seize) means literally to seize or take together and conveys the picture of clasping, in this case grasping or apprehending Jesus, thus taking Him into custody as one would a common criminal. Sullambano has the meaning of arresting Jesus in Mt 26:55; Mk 14:48; Lk 22:54; Jn 18:12. Jesus’ arrest is also referred to in Acts (Acts 1:16), where Luke showed how Peter (Acts 12:3) and Paul (Acts 23:27) followed in their Lord’s footsteps and also were arrested. This verb is used to capture an animal, such as a "catch of fish." (Lk 5:9). In the Septuagint sullambano can describe the capture of cities by military force, the arrest of an individual, the catching of an animal, or even the snatching away of sinners by God’s judgment (Ps 9:16). SULLAMBANO - 16X/16V - arrest(3), arrested(4), became pregnant(1), conceive(1), conceived(3), help(2), seized(1), taken(1). Matt. 26:55; Mk. 14:48; Lk. 1:24; Lk. 1:31; Lk. 1:36; Lk. 2:21; Lk. 5:7; Lk. 5:9; Lk. 22:54; Jn. 18:12; Acts 1:16; Acts 12:3; Acts 23:27; Acts 26:21; Phil. 4:3; Jas. 1:15 High priest (749)(archiereus from arche = first in a series, the leader or ruler, idea of rank or degree + hiereus = priest - hieros is that which is determined, filled or consecrated by divine power) refers to the priest that was chief over all the other priests in Israel. This office was established by God through Moses instructions in the Pentateuch. The office of high priest in Jesus' day was primarily a political role. As presiding officer of the Sanhedrin, the chief governing body in Israel, the high priest was the principal representative of the Jewish people to the Roman authorities. What the high priest wanted was preservation of the status quo (cf. Jn 11:47-49), which best served his interests and those aligned with him. In the book of Hebrews archiereus refers primarily to Jesus our "merciful and faithful High Priest" (Heb 2:17, Heb 4:14, 15, Heb 8:1).What a striking, ironic contrast between these two priests! Does this not make us yearn for that glorious day when we will be in the place "in which righteousness dwells!" (2 Peter 3:13). SUMMARY OF THE THREE RELIGIOUS TRIALS There may be some repetition from the preceding notes. See table summarizing Jesus' trials. (1) The First Mock Trial: Before Annas The date is April 7th, 30 A.D., the 15th of Nisan, and it is past midnight. Arnold Fruchtenbaum comments that "The reason that the religious leaders of Israel had rejected Jesus was His repudiation of the Oral Law, the “traditions of men,” the Mishnah, which had been added on to the Torah. It is therefore ironic that during the process that is about to unfold, the Jewish leadership will break over 22 of their own laws found in the Sanhedrin Tractate in the Mishnah during the trial and death of the Messiah." Annas served as high priest for the years A.D. 7–14 until he was deposed from the office by the Roman governor. Although Annas was not the high priest as far as the Romans were concerned, he was still the high priest to the Jews. By Jewish law, the high priest held his office for life. Even though he was deposed, Annas continued to be in control even though he was succeeded by four of his sons, and then by his son-in-law Caiaphas. S Lewis
Lucas 22
Utley - ‘Certainly this man also was with Him, for he is a Galilean too’ ” This refers to Peter’s accent. The pronouncement of gutturals in Aramaic was different between Jerusalem and Galilee. Peter denies even his accent! Wikipedia has this note - The Galilean dialect referred to in the New Testament was a form of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic spoken by people in Galilee from the late Second Temple period (530 BCE) through the Apostolic Age (c. 100 CE). Later the term was used to refer to the early Christians by Roman emperors Julian and Marcus Aurelius, among others....The term Galilean dialect generally refers to the form of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic spoken by people in Galilee during the late Second Temple period, for example at the time of Jesus and the disciples, as distinct from a Judean dialect spoken in Jerusalem. THIRD ACCUSATION IN OTHER GOSPEL ACCOUNTS Matthew 26:73+ (THIRD ACCUSATION) A little later the bystanders came up and said to Peter, “Surely you too are one of them; for even the way you talk gives you away.” Comment: The accent of a Galilean was very distinctive and often subject to ridicule. Jesus faces the same recognition later (Luke 23:6). Mark 14:70+ But again he denied it. (THIRD ACCUSATION) And after a little while the bystanders were again saying (imperfect tense = again and again) to Peter, “Surely you are one of them, for you are a Galilean too.” John 18:26+ (THIRD ACCUSATION) One (masculine) of the slaves of the high priest, being a relative of the one whose ear Peter cut off, said, “Did I not see you in the garden with Him?” Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are talking about." Immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. BGT Luke 22:60 εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Πέτρος· ἄνθρωπε, οὐκ οἶδα ὃ λέγεις. καὶ παραχρῆμα ἔτι λαλοῦντος αὐτοῦ ἐφώνησεν ἀλέκτωρ. KJV Luke 22:60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew. NET Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "Man, I don't know what you're talking about!" At that moment, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. CSB Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "Man, I don't know what you're talking about!" Immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. ESV Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are talking about." And immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed. NIV Luke 22:60 Peter replied, "Man, I don't know what you're talking about!" Just as he was speaking, the rooster crowed. NLT Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "Man, I don't know what you are talking about." And immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed. NRS Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are talking about!" At that moment, while he was still speaking, the cock crowed. YLT Luke 22:60 and Peter said, 'Man, I have not known what thou sayest;' and presently, while he is speaking, a cock crew. GWN Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "I don't know what you're talking about!" Just then, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. NKJ Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are saying!" Immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed. NAB Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "My friend, I do not know what you are talking about." Just as he was saying this, the cock crowed, MIT Luke 22:60 Rock replied, "Man, I do not know what you are talking about." Immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster call sounded off. NJB Luke 22:60 Peter said, 'My friend, I do not know what you are talking about.' At that instant, while he was still speaking, the cock crowed, ASV Luke 22:60 But Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew. DBY Luke 22:60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he was yet speaking, the cock crew. BBE Luke 22:60 And Peter said, Man, I have no knowledge of these things of which you are talking. And straight away, while he was saying these words, there came the cry of a cock. NIRV Luke 22:60 Peter replied, "Man, I don't know what you're talking about!" Just as he was speaking, the rooster crowed. RSV Luke 22:60 But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are saying." And immediately, while he was still speaking, the cock crowed. RWB Luke 22:60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he was yet speaking, the cock crowed. WEB Luke 22:60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he was yet speaking, the cock crowed. BYZ Luke 22:60 Εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Πέτρος, Ἄνθρωπε, οὐκ οἶδα ὃ λέγεις. Καὶ παραχρῆμα, ἔτι λαλοῦντος αὐτοῦ, ἐφώνησεν ἀλέκτωρ. A rooster crowed Luke 22:34; Mt 26:74,75; Mark 14:71,72; John 18:27 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Excellent Diagram/Map of Jesus' Arrest, Trial and Crucifixion Youtube of Peter's Denial Related Passages: Matthew 26:73-75+ (THIRD DENIAL) A little later the bystanders came up and said to Peter, “Surely you too are one of them; for even the way you talk gives you away.” 74 Then he began to curse and swear, “I do not know the Man!” And immediately a rooster crowed. 75) And Peter remembered the word which Jesus had said, “Before a rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” And he went out and wept bitterly. Mark 14:69-72+ (SECOND & THIRD DENIAL) The servant-girl saw him, and began once more to say to the bystanders, “This is one of them!” 70 But again he denied it. And after a little while the bystanders were again saying to Peter, “Surely you are one of them, for you are a Galilean too.” 71 But he began to curse and swear, “I do not know this man you are talking about!” 72 Immediately a rooster crowed a second time. And Peter remembered how Jesus had made the remark to him, “Before a rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three times.” And he began to weep. John 18:26-27+ (THIRD DENIAL) One of the slaves of the high priest, being a relative of the one whose ear Peter cut off, *said, “Did I not see you in the garden with Him?” 27 Peter then denied it again, and immediately a rooster crowed. PETER'S THIRD DENIAL AND THE ROOSTER'S CROW But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are talking about."- Luke omits the cursing and swearing described in the other two synoptic accounts (Mt 26:74, Mk 14:71). Here Peter adamantly claims that he does not understand what the accuser is saying. Of course he knows what his accusers are saying. Matthew is more direct recording that Peter also said "I do not know the Man (Christ)!" (Mt 26:74, cf Mk 14:71) Bock comments "Peter makes his third denial, acting, as Danker (1988: 359) says, “more like a jellyfish than a ‘Rock-Man.’” Immediately (parachrema), while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed - Bock notes that "Only Luke notes that while Peter was still speaking the cock crowed, which fulfills Lk 22:34 (as the next verse mentions). All three accounts record that this occurs “immediately,” though with different terms." NET Note - A real rooster crowing is probably in view here (rather than the Roman trumpet call known as gallicinium), in part due to the fact that Mark 14:72 mentions the rooster crowing twice. See the discussion below associated with Mt 26:74. Bock comments - Luke and Matt. 26:74 = John 18:27 note only a single crowing, in contrast to two in Mark 14:72. Luke’s remark seems less specific than Mark’s, which may reflect the summarizing style of a distinct source. The difference is odd if Luke used Mark. All note the fulfillment of Jesus’ prediction that Peter would deny him and the cock would crow. When Critics Ask, page 306 - Norman Geisler - MATTHEW 26:34 (cf. Mark 14:30+)—When Peter denied Christ, did the rooster crow once or twice? PROBLEM: Matthew and John 13:38+ say before the rooster crows once, Peter will have denied the Lord three times. But Mark affirms that before the rooster crows twice Peter will deny Christ three times. Which account is right? Matthew and John do not expressly state how many times the rooster will crow. SOLUTION: There is no contradiction between the two accounts because, given the correctness of the text, Matthew and John do not expressly state how many times the rooster will crow. They simply say Peter will deny Christ three times “before the rooster crows,” but they do not say how many times it will crow. Mark may simply be more specific, affirming exactly how many times the rooster would crow. It is also possible that different accounts are due to an early copyist error in Mark, that resulted in the insertion of “two” in early manuscripts (at Mark 14:30+ and Mark 14:72+). This would explain why some important manuscripts of Mark mention only one crowing, just like Matthew and John, and why “two” appears at different places in some manuscripts. Gleason Archer - How can the various accounts of Peter’s denial of Christ be reconciled? - Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties page 343 Concerning Peter’s denial, Christ is quoted in Matthew 26:34 as stating, “Truly I tell you that this night, before the rooster crows, you will three times deny Me.” Mark 14:30 quotes Jesus a little more fully: “And Jesus says to him, “ ‘Truly I tell you that today, this very night, before the rooster crows twice you will three times deny Me.’ ” (Luke 22:34 substantially follows Matthew’s wording, though in a somewhat briefer version.) Is this a real discrepancy, as some critics allege? Hardly, since we may be very sure that if the rooster crows twice, he has at least crowed once. Apparently Jesus did specify that the cock would crow a second time by the time the third denial had been expressed by Peter. The important part of the prediction, however, lay not in the number of times the rooster would sound out but in the number of times Peter would basely deny to his interrogators that he belonged to Jesus—or even that he was acquainted with Him. To add or include additional information does not amount to a contradiction of the testimony of a witness who has given a somewhat briefer account. Such variation is observed in the lecture notes taken by students in a classroom: some include more details than others. But that does not mean they are not all equally valid witnesses to what their instructor said. The same observation applied to the account of the triple denial itself. Each synoptist includes some items of information not included by the others, and John furnishes many details not found in the Synoptics at all. But it is perfectly clear that none of the statements are actually contradictory. When they are lined up in parallel columns, their rich wealth of information gives us a fuller account than could be gathered from any single one of them. Such a comparison yields the following composite narrative of Peter’s miserable experience during Christ’s trial before Caiaphas. Peter was admitted to the outer court of the high priest after John had spoken to the doorkeeper (thyrōcros is probably masculine here) who guarded the approach from the street (John 18:15–16). After Peter entered, he sat down by a fire to warm himself on that chilly night (Luke 22:56). But a girl who served as a doorkeeper on the inner side of the gate began looking intently at him and finally blurted out, “You too were with Jesus, the Galilean from Nazareth!” (Mark 14:67) (Luke 22:56 reads “You too were with him!”). Then she asked him point blank, “Aren’t you one of His disciples?” (John 18:17). To this Peter uttered his first denial, “I am not!” He added, “I don’t know or understand what you are talking about” (Matt. 26:70; Mark 14:68). Then he stoutly affirmed, “I don’t know Him, woman!” (Luke 22:57). After this brush with danger, Peter wandered off to the portico of the building itself; but even there he attracted some unwelcome attention. Another servant girl, who may well have been tipped off by the female gatekeeper, remarked to one of the bystanders, “This man was with Jesus the Nazarene” (Matt. 26:71). “He certainly was one of them,” she insisted (Mark 14:69). At this point, one of the men in the group leveled an accusing finger at Peter and declared, “You are one of them!” (Luke 22:58). Peter had by this time joined some men standing around a charcoal fire (apparently not the same fire he had stopped by in the outer court); they also picked up the accusation: “You too were with Jesus the Galilean!” (Matt. 26:73; Mark 14:70). They followed this charge with a forthright question: “Are you one of His disciples?” (John 18:25). With mounting intensity Peter replied, “Man, I am not!” (Luke 22:58). “I neither know nor understand what you are talking about!” (Matt. 26:72). Somewhat later, perhaps as long as an hour after the second denial (Luke 22:59), a relative of the servant Peter had wounded at Gethsemane spotted him and shouted out, “Didn’t I see you in the garden with Him? You certainly must have been with Him, for you are a Galilean” (Luke 22:59). At this the bystanders chimed in; “You are certainly one of them, for you are a Galilean” (Mark 14:70). “You must be, for you talk with Galilean accent” (Matt. 26:73). At this, Peter began to panic; so he broke out into cursing and swearing: “By God, I don’t even know the man you’re talking about!” (Mark 14:71). As soon as he had uttered this lie, Peter heard a rooster crowing. Suddenly he remembered how he had boasted the night before that he was ready to go to his death rather than deny his Lord. It was at that moment that Jesus Himself, who was still standing before Caiaphas under trial, looked over in Peter’s direction—and their eyes met (Luke 22:61). Covered with shame and full of self-loathing, Peter hurried out of the high priestly palace into the darkness of the night, now graying into dawn; and he sat down to weep and sob out his contrition before God. In conclusion, then, the four testimonies of the Evangelists contain no contradictions, even though the information they yield may be somewhat diverse. As in any properly conducted court hearing, it is the task of the judge and jury to piece together the full account of the occurrence under investigation on the basis of the report of their individual witness. Much of their testimony will, of course, be identical; but in each case there will be some details recalled or thought worth mentioning that are forthcoming from the other witnesses. There is under the laws of legal evidence no good grounds for concluding, as some biased scholars mistakenly do, that the difference between the Gospels involve genuine discrepancies and unresolvable contradictions. Critics such as these would be utterly incompetent to sit in judgment in any court of law. QUESTION - What is the significance of the rooster crowing in regards to Peter denying Jesus three times? ANSWER - Matthew 26:34, Luke 22:34, and John 13:38 all record Jesus telling Peter, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” Mark words it differently, which has led to some confusion. Mark 14:30 says, “And Jesus said to him, ‘Truly, I tell you, this very night, before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times’” (emphasis added). Then, when the first servant girl questioned Peter about his relationship to Jesus, “he denied it, saying, ‘I neither know nor understand what you mean.’ And he went out into the gateway and the rooster crowed” (Mark 14:68). Later, after Peter’s third denial, “immediately the rooster crowed a second time. And Peter remembered how Jesus had said to him, ‘Before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.’ And he broke down and wept” (Mark 14:72). Did the rooster crow once or twice, and what is the significance of that crowing? Since we know that all Scripture is God-breathed and therefore accurate (2 Timothy 3:16), we can rest assured that there are always explanations for seeming inconsistencies. In biblical days, roosters were common within the towns and cities. The first crowing often occurred around midnight. The second crowing could be expected before daybreak. Jesus’ prediction about Peter’s denials meant that Peter would have opportunities all night long to repeat the validating claim he made when he told Jesus, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God” (Matthew 16:16). However, despite three opportunities, the overconfident Peter denied His Lord every time. When daylight came, Jesus’ mock trial was over, and Peter lost his opportunities to defend Jesus as he had claimed he would do (Mark 14:29). Jesus did not say that Peter would deny Him before any rooster’s crow. So the report of a first crowing does not negate the validity of Jesus’ words. In those days, when someone made the comment “before the rooster crows,” it would have been commonly understood to mean the crowing at daybreak. But morning was not the only time roosters crowed. As anyone who has lived on a farm can attest, roosters crow whenever they feel like it. A rooster can crow when he senses danger, when another rooster threatens his flock, or simply because he got his days and nights mixed up. So it is perfectly understandable that Jesus would have been precise in prophesying to Peter that a rooster would actually crow twice during the time Peter was denying Him. The first crowing would not have been noticed by Peter at that moment, since people were used to hearing roosters at random times. It is similar to how people living near train tracks get used to hearing the noise of trains and stop noticing the sound. But when the morning rooster crowed, Peter was struck with the accuracy of Jesus’ words, and he went out and wept bitterly. It is also noteworthy that Mark was a close associate of Peter’s (1 Peter 5:13) and would have obtained many details for his Gospel from Peter himself. After the fact, Peter would have considered the first crowing more significant than he did at the time. Jesus’ prophetic words must have played over and over in his head as he then recalled the first crowing and then the second. It seems likely that, in his retelling of that night to Mark, Peter would have made mention of both crowings. Mark does not in any way contradict the other accounts, which only mention the second crowing. The second crowing was the most important one, since it marked the end of Peter’s testing. Because of the prominence of the story of Peter and the rooster, recorded in all four Gospels, the rooster, or cock, has at times been used as a Christian symbol. Some churches even place a rooster atop their steeples. Used as a symbol, the rooster represents the weakness of man and the grace of Christ in forgiving sinners. Peter three times denied his Lord and Savior, but he was forgiven, restored, and sent out to live for the glory of God (John 21:15–19). The rooster reminds us that Christ extends hope to sinners everywhere. The rooster, used as a Christian symbol, can also represent watchfulness. Before His arrest, Jesus prayed in the garden and asked His disciples to do the same. But He found them sleeping, and He said to Peter, “Are you asleep? Couldn’t you keep watch for one hour? Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation” (Mark 14:37–38). Later that night, Peter did indeed fall into temptation, and the rooster’s crow served as his spiritual wake-up call. The rooster can still be a reminder today that we must watch and pray and live as children of light: “You are all children of the light and children of the day. We do not belong to the night or to the darkness” (1 Thessalonians 5:5). The rooster could also be seen as proclaiming the start of a new day. In Christ, all things become new (2 Corinthians 5:17). A new day of forgiveness and grace has dawned, and believers, saved by grace, proclaim the good news to a world in need of light. Jesus is never impressed with our fleshly bravado such as Peter expressed in Matthew 26:35. Jesus knows our hearts better than we do (Matthew 9:4; Luke 9:47). But, even though He knows the ways we will fail Him, our Lord does not stop loving us or using us to further His message. Those rooster crowings must have haunted Peter for many years and may have helped him stay humble, watchful, and committed to his calling. Our past failures can be battle scars in our lives as well, propelling us toward greater devotion and stricter loyalty to Jesus when we recall how much we have been forgiven (see Luke 7:47). Mt 26:74 (THIRD DENIAL) Then he began to curse and swear (omnuo), “I do not know the man!” And immediately a rooster crowed. Comment: In essence Peter is calling on God as his Witness. Curse is katathematizo which means to place oneself under a curse (of death at God's hand) if they fail to speak the truth. It could also mean that Peter puts his accusers under God's judgment if they make out that he is a disciple. NET Note comment - It seems most likely that this refers to a real rooster crowing, although a number of scholars have suggested that "cockcrow" is a technical term referring to the trumpet call which ended the third watch of the night (from midnight to 3 a.m.). This would then be a reference to the Roman gallicinium (alektorophonia; the term is used in Mark 13:35 and is found in some MSS in Matt 26:34) which would have been sounded at 3 a.m.; in this case Jesus would have prophesied a precise time by which the denials would have taken place. For more details see J. H. Bernard, St. John (ICC), 2:604. However, in light of the fact that Mark mentions the rooster crowing twice (Mark 14:72) and in Luke 22:60 the words are reversed (ephonesen alektor), it is more probable that a real rooster is in view. In any event natural cockcrow would have occurred at approximately 3 a.m. in Palestine at this time of year (March-April) anyway. Mk 14:71+(THIRD DENIAL) But he began to curse and swear, “I do not know this man you are talking about!” 72 Immediately a rooster crowed a second time. And Peter remembered how Jesus had made the remark to him, “Before a rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three times.” And he began to weep. Jn 18:27 (THIRD DENIAL) Peter then denied it again, and immediately a rooster crowed. Luke 22:61 The Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had told him, "Before a rooster crows today, you will deny Me three times." BGT Luke 22:61 καὶ στραφεὶς ὁ κύριος ἐνέβλεψεν τῷ Πέτρῳ, καὶ ὑπεμνήσθη ὁ Πέτρος τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ κυρίου ὡς εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὅτι πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι σήμερον ἀπαρνήσῃ με τρίς. BGM Luke 22:61 καί@cc στρέφω@vpapnms ὁ@dnms κύριος@nnmsc ἐμβλέπω@viaa3s ὁ@ddms Πέτρος@ndmsp καί@cc ὑπομιμνῄσκω@viap3s ὁ@dnms Πέτρος@nnmsp ὁ@dgns ῥῆμα@ngnsc ὁ@dgms κύριος@ngmsc ὡς@cs λέγω@viaa3s αὐτός@rpdms ὅτι@cs πρίν@cs ἀλέκτωρ@namsc φωνέω@vnaa σήμερον@b ἀπαρνέομαι@vifm2s ἐγώ@rpa-s τρίς@b KJV Luke 22:61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. NET Luke 22:61 Then the Lord turned and looked straight at Peter, and Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, "Before a rooster crows today, you will deny me three times." CSB Luke 22:61 Then the Lord turned and looked at Peter. So Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had said to him, "Before the rooster crows today, you will deny Me three times." ESV Luke 22:61 And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the saying of the Lord, how he had said to him, "Before the rooster crows today, you will deny me three times." NIV Luke 22:61 The Lord turned and looked straight at Peter. Then Peter remembered the word the Lord had spoken to him: "Before the rooster crows today, you will disown me three times." NLT Luke 22:61 At that moment the Lord turned and looked at Peter. Then Peter remembered that the Lord had said, "Before the rooster crows tomorrow morning, you will deny three times that you even know me." NRS Luke 22:61 The Lord turned and looked at Peter. Then Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, "Before the cock crows today, you will deny me three times." YLT Luke 22:61 And the Lord having turned did look on Peter, and Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he said to him -- 'Before a cock shall crow, thou mayest disown me thrice;' GWN Luke 22:61 Then the Lord turned and looked directly at Peter. Peter remembered what the Lord had said: "Before a rooster crows today, you will say three times that you don't know me." NKJ Luke 22:61 And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had said to him, "Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times." NAB Luke 22:61 and the Lord turned and looked at Peter; and Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, "Before the cock crows today, you will deny me three times." MIT Luke 22:61 The Lord turned and looked right at Rock. He then remembered the word of the Lord, that he had spoken to him: "Before the rooster call sounds off today, you will deny me three times." NJB Luke 22:61 and the Lord turned and looked straight at Peter, and Peter remembered the Lord's words when he had said to him, 'Before the cock crows today, you will have disowned me three times.' ASV Luke 22:61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how that he said unto him, Before the cock crow this day thou shalt deny me thrice. DBY Luke 22:61 And the Lord, turning round, looked at Peter; and Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he said to him, Before the cock crow thou shalt deny me thrice. BBE Luke 22:61 And the Lord, turning, gave Peter a look. And the words of the Lord came to Peter's mind, how he had said, This night, before the hour of the cock's cry, you will be false to me three times. NIRV Luke 22:61 The Lord turned and looked right at Peter. Then Peter remembered what the Lord had spoken to him. "The rooster will crow today," Jesus had said. "Before it does, you will say three times that you don't know me." RSV Luke 22:61 And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, "Before the cock crows today, you will deny me three times." RWB Luke 22:61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, Before the cock shall crow, thou wilt deny me three times. WEB Luke 22:61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said to him, Before the cock shall crow, thou wilt deny me thrice. BYZ Luke 22:61 Καὶ στραφεὶς ὁ κύριος ἐνέβλεψεν τῷ Πέτρῳ. Καὶ ὑπεμνήσθη ὁ Πέτρος τοῦ λόγου τοῦ κυρίου, ὡς εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὅτι Πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι, ἀπαρνήσῃ με τρίς. The Lord turned Luke 10:41; Mark 5:30 Looked at Peter. Job 33:27; Isaiah 57:15-18; Jeremiah 31:18-20; Hosea 11:8; Acts 5:31 Peter remembered the word of the Lord Ezekiel 16:63; 36:31,32; Ephesians 2:11; Revelation 2:5 Before a rooster crows today, you will deny Me three times Luke 22:34; Mt 26:34,75; John 13:38 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Excellent Diagram/Map of Jesus' Arrest, Trial and Crucifixion THE LOOK THAT BROKE A HEART The Lord turned and looked at Peter - Clearly Jesus' turn was calculated to arrest Peter's attention. One can not even imagine Peter's emotions when his eyes met the eyes of His Lord, the One he had just denied three times. Turned (4762)(strepho) means to turn around or to turn toward someone, in this case toward Peter. All of Luke's uses of strepho - Lk. 7:9; Lk. 7:44; Lk. 9:55; Lk. 10:23; Lk. 14:25; Lk. 22:61; Lk. 23:28;Acts 7:39; Acts 7:42; Acts 13:46 Looked (1689)(emblepo) means Jesus looked attentively or gazed directly, earnestly and intently (intentionally) at Peter's face (and eyes). Liefeld adds that in ancient Greek use emblepo often signified "a look of interest, love or concern." All three nuances are surely true of the look of Jesus. And Peter remembered (hupomimnesko) the word of the Lord - He remembered but sadly it was too late, for it was after he had sinned. How He had told him, "Before a rooster crows today, you will (completely, utterly) deny (aparneomai) Me three times." - So once again Jesus prophecy proved perfect, but so would His prophetic promise "but I have prayed for you, that your faith may not fail; and you, when once you have turned again, strengthen your brothers." (Lk 22:32+). Mt 26:75 And Peter remembered the word which Jesus had said, “Before a rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” And he went out and wept bitterly. Mk 14:72 Immediately a rooster crowed a second time. And Peter remembered how Jesus had made the remark to him, “Before a rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three times.” And he began to weep. Jn 18:26 One of the slaves of the high priest, being a relative of the one whose ear Peter cut off, *said, “Did I not see you in the garden with Him?” 27 Peter then denied it again, and immediately a rooster crowed. John
Lucas 22
Utley - Jesus was beaten by the Jewish guards, Herod’s guards, and the Roman guards. These beatings may be a fulfillment of Isa. 53:2. Holding...in custody (4912)(sunecho/synecho) means to "hold something together," and then to “to enclose” or “to lock up,” e.g., an army behind walls, to hold in custody, hold as prisoner, to guard (as if He was some dangerous criminal who was looking for a chance to escape!) Mocking (imperfect tense = again and again!) (1702)(empaizo from paizo = to play like a child - pais) means they were verbally deriding, ridiculing, making fun of or making sport of Jesus! It was often used for playing a game with children or for amusing a crowd by impersonating someone in a silly and exaggerated way. For instance, this word might be used in a game of charades when someone intends to comically portray someone or even make fun of someone. Empaizo is one of many words denoting disparagement or scorn and in this context is a negative expression of their bravado, arrogance, aversion, or hostility. Incredible! They won't be so brazen at the Great White Throne Judgment! (Rev 20:11-15+) Empaizo - 13x - Matt. 2:16; 20:19; 27:29; 27:31; 27:41; Mk. 10:34; Mk. 15:20; Mk. 15:31; Lk. 14:29; Lk. 18:32; Lk. 22:63; Lk. 23:11; Lk. 23:36 Beating (present tense = continually thrashing, flogging, etc) (1194)(dero) means literally to "remove the skin," to flay and thus the picture of striking Jesus repeatedly, smiting Him, flaying off His skin (see depiction of scourging which Pilate commanded - Mt 27:26)! Woe! Luke's uses of dero - Lk. 12:47; Lk. 12:48; Lk. 20:10; Lk. 20:11; Lk. 22:63; Acts 5:40; Acts 16:37; Acts 22:19 Luke 22:64 and they blindfolded Him and were asking Him, saying, "Prophesy, who is the one who hit You?" KJV Luke 22:64 And when they had blindfolded him, they struck him on the face, and asked him, saying, Prophesy, who is it that smote thee? they blindfolded Him Judges 16:21,25 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Excellent Diagram/Map of Jesus' Arrest, Trial and Crucifixion CHILDREN'S GAMES REPLACE LEGAL AND FAIR TREATMENT They blindfolded Him - Matthew lacks this detail. While the Man Jesus may not have seen them, the God-Man in His omnipotence "saw" them and knew who they were. Blindfolded (4028)(perikalupto from peri = around + kalupto = to cover) means literally to cover all around, then to put a veil around, put a covering all around, cover (completely), conceal, cover (with gold - see uses in Septuagint). Perikalupto - blindfold(1), blindfolded(1), covered(1). Mk. 14:65; Lk. 22:64; Heb. 9:4 Perikalupto - 4x in the Septuagint - Exod. 28:20; 1 Ki. 7:5; 1 Ki. 7:28; 1 Ki. 8:7; And were asking (imperfect - over and over, asking again and again) Him, saying, "Prophesy, (propheteuo) who is the one who hit You?" - The despicable men were mocking Him with their jeering command. Matthew adds that they said “Prophesy to us, You Christ" or "You Messiah," where they are clearly using His title in a derogatory manner! If one ever doubted the depravity of the human heart, all they need do is read this section on the treatment of Jesus! It reminds me of the horrible Spanish Inquisition of men and women by those who called themselves "religious!" Mark adds that some "began to spit at Him." (Mk 14:65+). Presumably this refers to "the men who were holding Jesus in custody." (Lk 22:63). NET Note on Who hit you? - This is a variation of one of three ancient games that involved blindfolds. (ED: The difference of course is that children would only "hit" but here they were beating Him! And this "game" would result in their receiving just retribution for beating the Holy One of Israel!) Prophesy (4395)(propheteuo) indicates they were commanding (aorist imperative = Do this now!) Jesus to give them a divine revelation. They were making fun of His divinity! Hit (3817)(paio) means to strike, smite and is used of hitting Jesus (Mt. 26:68; Lk. 22:64) or Peter striking the ear (Mk. 14:47, Jn. 18:10). It was used of a scorpion's sting (Rev 9:5). Paio - 26x in 26v in the Septuagint - to strike, to hit = 2 Sa 14:6; to strike, to wound = 2 Sa 20:10; to smite with (plagues) = Isa 14,6 Ex 12:13 ("strike"); Num. 22:28 ("struck me"); Jos. 20:9; Jdg. 14:19; 1 Sam. 13:4; 1 Sam. 26:10; 2 Sam. 6:7; 2 Sam. 14:6; 2 Sam. 14:7; 2 Sam. 20:10; 1 Ki. 16:16; 2 Ki. 9:15; 2 Ki. 25:21; Job 2:7; Job 4:19; Job 5:18; Job 10:8; Job 16:10; Isa. 14:6; Isa. 14:29; Jer. 5:6; Jer. 14:19; Jer. 30:14; Lam. 3:30; Dan. 8:7 Luke 22:65 And they were saying many other things against Him, blaspheming. KJV Luke 22:65 And many other things blasphemously spake they against him. they were saying many other things against Him, blaspheming Luke 12:10; Mt 12:31,32; Acts 26:11; 1 Timothy 1:13,14 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Excellent Diagram/Map of Jesus' Arrest, Trial and Crucifixion Related Passage: 1 Peter 2:21-23+, For you have been called for this purpose, since Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example for you to follow in His steps, 22 WHO COMMITTED NO SIN, NOR WAS ANY DECEIT FOUND IN HIS MOUTH; 23 and while being reviled, He did not revile in return; while suffering, He uttered no threats, but kept entrusting Himself to Him who judges righteously (cf 1 Jn 2:6+, 1Co 11:1+) THE IRONY OF BLASPHEMERS WHO WOULD ACCUSE JESUS OF BLASPHEMY! And they were saying many other things against Him, blaspheming (blasphemeo - present tense = continually) - Luke sums up the many other things under the "catch-all" of blasphemy! The irony is that they were practicing what they would soon pronounce against Jesus! In other words, they were doing the very thing (blaspheming) that they would accuse Jesus of doing and which they would deem deserving of death! (Lk 22:71+, cf Mt 26:65, Mk 14:63-64+) According to the OT the penalty for blasphemy was stoning but God sovereignly orchestrated the drama of redemption so that He would be crucified not stoned. Their "death penalty" for blasphemy awaits a future "pay day" when they will eternally rue their few temporal moments of mockery and blasphemy declaring such evil against the Judge of all mankind (Jn 5:22, 24, 27-30, Rev 20:11-15+)! There is no record of Jesus ever reviling in turn (see above - 1Pe 2:21-23+). Blaspheming(987)(blasphemeo) means literally they were speaking to insult, slander, revile and defame Him. They were speaking irreverently and/or disrespectfully to Him. One can just imagine their evil words, for remember, this is the hour and the power of darkness, which indicates the most evil, vile blasphemies were being flung with hell's full force and fury against the Son of Man! Let's hope we never have to hear their terrible tirade! And how did Jesus respond? Isaiah 53:7+ says "like a sheep that is silent before its shearers, So He did not open His mouth." In so doing He left us an example when we are blasphemed, slandered, insulted, etc, etc. Peter who temporarily failed, returned and strengthened his brothers with this exhortation Luke 22:66 When it was day, the Council of elders of the people assembled, both chief priests and scribes, and they led Him away to their council chamber, saying, BGT Luke 22:66 Καὶ ὡς ἐγένετο ἡμέρα, συνήχθη τὸ πρεσβυτέριον τοῦ λαοῦ, ἀρχιερεῖς τε καὶ γραμματεῖς, καὶ ἀπήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ συνέδριον αὐτῶν 67 λέγοντες· εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστός, εἰπὸν ἡμῖν. εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς· ἐὰν ὑμῖν εἴπω, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε· KJV Luke 22:66 And as soon as it was day, the elders of the people and the chief priests and the scribes came together, and led him into their council, saying, 67 Art thou the Christ? tell us. And he said unto them, If I tell you, ye will not believe: NET Luke 22:66 When day came, the council of the elders of the people gathered together, both the chief priests and the experts in the law. Then they led Jesus away to their council 67 and said, "If you are the Christ, tell us." But he said to them, "If I tell you, you will not believe, CSB Luke 22:66 When daylight came, the elders of the people, both the chief priests and the scribes, convened and brought Him before their Sanhedrin. 67 They said, "If You are the Messiah, tell us." But He said to them, "If I do tell you, you will not believe. ESV Luke 22:66 When day came, the assembly of the elders of the people gathered together, both chief priests and scribes. And they led him away to their council, and they said, 67 "If you are the Christ, tell us." But he said to them, "If I tell you, you will not believe, NIV Luke 22:66 At daybreak the council of the elders of the people, both the chief priests and teachers of the law, met together, and Jesus was led before them. 67 "If you are the Christ, " they said, "tell us." Jesus answered, "If I tell you, you will not believe me, NLT Luke 22:66 At daybreak all the elders of the people assembled, including the leading priests and the teachers of religious law. Jesus was led before this high council, 67 and they said, "Tell us, are you the Messiah?" But he replied, "If I tell you, you won't believe me. NRS Luke 22:66 When day came, the assembly of the elders of the people, both chief priests and scribes, gathered together, and they brought him to their council. 67 They said, "If you are the Messiah, tell us." He replied, "If I tell you, you will not believe; YLT Luke 22:66 And when it became day there was gathered together the eldership of the people, chief priests also, and scribes, and they led him up to their own sanhedrim, 67 saying, 'If thou be the Christ, tell us.' And he said to them, 'If I may tell you, ye will not believe; GWN Luke 22:66 In the morning the council of the people's leaders, the chief priests and the scribes, gathered together. They brought Jesus in front of their highest court and asked him, 67 "Tell us, are you the Messiah?" Jesus said to them, "If I tell you, you won't believe me. NKJ Luke 22:66 As soon as it was day, the elders of the people, both chief priests and scribes, came together and led Him into their council, saying, 67 "If You are the Christ, tell us." But He said to them, "If I tell you, you will by no means believe. NAB Luke 22:66 When day came the council of elders of the people met, both chief priests and scribes, and they brought him before their Sanhedrin. 67 They said, "If you are the Messiah, tell us," but he replied to them, "If I tell you, you will not believe, MIT Luke 22:66 As day broke, the leaders of the people, including the administrative priests and scholars, assembled and brought him into their sanhedrin. 67 They said to him, "If you are the messiah, tell us." He replied, "Were I to tell you, you would not believe. NJB Luke 22:66 When day broke there was a meeting of the elders of the people, the chief priests and scribes. He was brought before their council, 67 and they said to him, 'If you are the Christ, tell us.' He replied, 'If I tell you, you will not believe, ASV Luke 22:66 And as soon as it was day, the assembly of the elders of the people was gathered together, both chief priests and scribes; and they led him away into their council, saying, 67 If thou art the Christ, tell us. But he said unto them, If I tell you, ye will not believe: DBY Luke 22:66 And when it was day, the elderhood of the people, both the chief priests and scribes, were gathered together, and led him into their council, saying, 67 If *thou* art the Christ, tell us. And he said to them, If I tell you, ye will not at all believe; BBE Luke 22:66 And when it was day, the rulers of the people came together, with the chief priests and the scribes, and they took him before their Sanhedrin, saying, 67 If you are the Christ, say so. But he said, If I say so you will not have belief; NIRV Luke 22:66 At dawn the elders of the people met together. These included the chief priests and the teachers of the law. Jesus was led to them. 67 "If you are the Christ," they said, "tell us." Jesus answered, "If I tell you, you will not believe me. RSV Luke 22:66 When day came, the assembly of the elders of the people gathered together, both chief priests and scribes; and they led him away to their council, and they said, 67 "If you are the Christ, tell us." But he said to them, "If I tell you, you will not believe; When it was day Mt 27:1; Mark 15:1 the Council of elders of the people assembled Ps 2:1-3; Acts 4:25-28; 22:5 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Source: ESV Study Bible THE THIRD MOCK RELIGIOUS TRIAL This last section Lk 22:66-71 deals with the third trial before the Sanhedrin. Luke is the only Gospel to give us a full account of the third phrase of the religious trial, the legal meeting of the Sanhedrin. When it was day - The long night is over - two mock trials and three denials by a loyal disciple have passed. And now it was the break of day, daybreak being about 5-6 AM. Matthew has "Now when morning came" (Mt 27:1) and Mark has "Early in the morning." (Mk 15:1) Now the Sanhedrin meeting could be official and "legal." So here we see that the two illegal nighttime trials before Annas and then Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin, were followed by the third mock trial during the day, because a guilty verdict in a case of capital punishment could only be rendered during daylight hours (which is a bit ironic given the many other rules of Jewish justice that the religious leaders had already broken! Clearly this was never about justice but a total perversion of justice!) The phrase it was day reminds me of the well-known phrase in Psalm 118:24 "this is the day which the LORD has made. Let us rejoice and be glad in it." While that is a beautiful passage by itself, the meaning is much deeper if one examines the full context, especially the preceding verses Ps 118:22-23 "The stone which the builders rejected Has become the chief corner stone. This is the LORD’S doing; It is marvelous in our eyes." The Stone of course is an allusion to Messiah and how did He become the chief Cornerstone? On what day? The day when God smote the Rock of our Salvation (Isa 53:4+) on the Mount of Calvary and the blood and the water gushed forth and we had our redemption price paid in full (Ep 1:7+, Mk 10:45+, Jn 19:30+). So here in Luke 22:66 Luke describes the beginning of this day that should elicit grateful, rejoicing in every disciple's heart, for it was the consummation of the Messiah's substitutionary, atoning death. The Council of elders of the people assembled, both chief priests and scribes - Of course Caiaphas and the Council (Sanhedrin, Israel's "Supreme Court") had already arrived at their guilty verdict some time between 1-3 AM during the second mock trial in which they declared "He is deserving of death!" (Mt 27:66). A T
Lucas 22
Utley - If the night trial occurred on Thursday (Nisan 14), then this occurred on the Friday morning (Nisan 14). Jesus will be crucified by noon (Nisan 14, cf. 23:44) and buried before the beginning of the Sabbath at twilight on Friday (Nisan 15, cf. 23:54). And they led Him away to their council (sunedrion - "sitting togehter") chamber, saying - The venue changed. The soldiers moved Jesus from Caiaphas' house to the official council chamber which was in the Temple complex (which was like the "Supreme Court" of the Jews and existed unto Jerusalem's razing in 70 AD), for there they could render a guilty verdict in keeping with the law. What miserable hypocrites! They had broken many laws already (see above), but would keep this law. The apostles would later follow in the footsteps of their Lord and be examined by the Sanhedrin (Acts 4:15-18, Acts 22:30, Acts 23:1-10). Reformation Study Bible - Lk 22:66–71 No single Gospel gives a complete account of Jesus’ trial. It is clear that there were two main stages: the Jews tried Him before the Sanhedrin and obtained a verdict that He was a blasphemer and deserved to die. However, only the Romans had the right to execute Him, and they would not execute a man for blasphemy. There had to be a further trial before the Romans for a violation of Roman law. ILLEGALITIES OF THE SANHEDRIN’S NIGHT TRIAL A. No capital trials were to be held at night. B. A capital trial and punishment must not occur on the same day. C. No trials were to be held on a feast day or the eve of a feast. D. This particular morning was reserved for the saying of phylacteries (cf. Deut. 6:8; 11:18) E. This morning was also the time of the offering of gifts in the Temple (cf. Ex. 23:15). (Bob Utley) Luke 22:67 "If You are the Christ, tell us." But He said to them, "If I tell you, you will not believe; KJV Luke 22:67 Art thou the Christ? tell us. And he said unto them, If I tell you, ye will not believe: If You are the Christ, tell us Mt 11:3-5; 26:63-68; Mark 14:61-66; John 10:24 If I tell you, you will not believe Luke 16:31; John 5:39-47; 8:43-45; 9:27,28; 10:25,26; 12:37-43 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Excellent Diagram/Map of Jesus' Arrest, Trial and Crucifixion Jesus before the 70 + Chief Priest (Sanhedrin) JEWS CALL FOR SELF-INCRIMINATION If You are the Christ, tell us - If introduces a first class conditional statement (assumed to be true), so they are saying in essence "Since you are the Christ (the Messiah" tell us, admit it, confess it (so we can condemn you of blasphemy)." While they are acknowledging Jesus as the Messiah, there is undoubtedly an element of sarcasm in their statement. Keep in mind that at the second mock religious trial, Caiaphas had asked Jesus "Are You the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?” And Jesus said, “I am...." (Mk 14:61-62, cf Mt 27:63-64). In asking Him if He is the Christ, what they are really asking is "Are you the Messiah," for the designation Christ is synonymous with Messiah. It is important to keep in mind that the Jews (and this even applied to the disciples to a large degree) were not looking for a Messiah to give them spiritual salvation but a Messiah who would give them political salvation from Roman dominion. Tell us is a command in the aorist imperative meaning "Just do it. Just tell us yes or no!" The hubris of commanding the Lord of glory is amazing and shows the utter depravity of the Christ rejecting human heart! One is reminded of Stephen's accusation against the Jews (some of whom may have also been members of the Sanhedrin that accused Jesus) declaring "You men who are stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears are always resisting the Holy Spirit; you are doing just as your fathers did (NOT THE PATRIARCHS BUT MOST OF THE JEWS IN THE OLD TESTAMENT)." (Acts 7:51+) Sanhedrin did not want information, but condemnation! Christ (5547)(Christos from chrio = to rub or anoint, consecrate to an office) means one who has been anointed, symbolizing appointment to a task. The majority of the NT uses refer to Jesus (exceptions = "false Christs" - Mt 24:24, Mk 13:22). NIDNTT - Christ is derived via the Latin Christus from the Greek Christos, which in the Septuagint and the NT is the Greek equivalent of the Aramaic mešîha’. This in turn corresponds to the Hebrew mashiach/masiah and denotes someone who has been ceremonially anointed for an office. The Greek transliteration of mešîhā’ is Messias, which like Iēsous is made declinable by the added -s. (New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology) See also Messiah - Anointed One But He said to them, "If I tell you, you will (absolutely) not believe - This if introduces a third class conditional statement which speaks of potential action. Is this not a variant of the unpardonable sin? They repeatedly refused to believe, so now they could not believe! Jesus had performed countless miracles for 3 years which were clear, indisputable evidence that He was in fact the long expected Messiah! And so Jesus uses the strongest negative in the Greek (ou me and again in Lk 22:68) to emphasize the fact that they absolutely would not believe. What Jesus is saying in so many words is that it was useless to discuss this point with them because they were not really open to the truth. They had already determined His fate and could "care less" about the truth! They were out for His blood, but little did they know that the Lamb's blood (Jn 1:29+, 1Pe 1:19+, Titus 2:14+) would propitiate (satisfy) the Father and open the doors to Kingdom of God for all who did believe He was the Messiah Who was also the Redeemer. Luke 22:68 and if I ask a question, you will not answer. KJV Luke 22:68 And if I also ask you, ye will not answer me, nor let me go. (NOTE: WORDS IN BOLD NOT IN BEST MANUSCRIPTS). Lk 20:3-7,41-44 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Excellent Diagram/Map of Jesus' Arrest, Trial and Crucifixion Related Passage: Luke 20:3-7+ Jesus answered and said to them, “I will also ask you a question, and you tell Me: 4“Was the baptism of John from heaven or from men?” 5 They reasoned among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will say, ‘Why did you not believe him?’ 6 “But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us to death, for they are convinced that John was a prophet.” 7 So they answered that they did not know where it came from. Luke 20:41-44+ Then He said to them, “How is it that they say the Christ is David’s son? 42“For David himself says in the book of Psalms, ‘THE LORD SAID TO MY LORD, “SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND, 43 UNTIL I MAKE YOUR ENEMIES A FOOTSTOOL FOR YOUR FEET.”’ 44 “Therefore David calls Him ‘Lord,’ and how is He his son?” (THEY DID NOT ANSWER HIM) You will not answer - Again Jesus uses the strongest negative in the Greek (double negative = ou me) emphasizing that they absolutely have no intention of don't responding to Him. What they really want is to do is kill Him. Criswell comments ""You will by no means answer" is demonstrated in Lk 20:41-44, when Jesus challenges the authorities with a question about the sonship of the Messiah. They do not answer." Luke 22:69 "But from now on THE SON OF MAN WILL BE SEATED AT THE RIGHT HAND of the power OF GOD." KJV Luke 22:69 Hereafter shall the Son of man sit on the right hand of the power of God. WILL BE SEATED Mt 26:64; Mark 14:62 THE SON OF MAN WILL BE SEATED AT THE RIGHT HAND Ps 110:1; Daniel 7:13,14; Mt 22:44; Mark 16:19; Acts 2:34-36; 7:55,56; Romans 8:34; Ephesians 1:20-23; 4:8-10; Colossians 3:1; Hebrews 1:3; 8:1; 12:2; 1 Peter 3:22; Revelation 3:21; 22:1 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Excellent Diagram/Map of Jesus' Arrest, Trial and Crucifixion Related Passages: Matthew 26:64 Jesus *said to him, “You have said it yourself; nevertheless I tell you, hereafter you will see THE SON OF MAN SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF POWER, and COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF HEAVEN.” Mark 14:62+ And Jesus said, “I am; and you shall see THE SON OF MAN SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF POWER, and COMING WITH THE CLOUDS OF HEAVEN.” Psalm 110:1 A Psalm of David. The LORD says to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand Until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet.” But from now on - This phrase indicates change is coming. That is to say, the next time these Jewish religious leaders see Him (AND THEY WILL SEE HIM) at His "Triumphal Entry," the Second Coming. John writes "BEHOLD (TO GET OUR ATTENTION!), HE (JESUS) IS COMING WITH THE CLOUDS (cp Da 7:13+ = "behold, with the clouds of heaven One like a Son of Man was coming"), and every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him; (Same verb pierced in Jn 19:37 quoting Zech 12:10+) and all the tribes of the earth will mourn over Him. So it is to be. Amen." (Rev 1:7+, cf Mt 24:30+, Mt 25:31) THE SON OF MAN WILL BE SEATED AT THE RIGHT HAND of the power OF GOD - (cf. Acts 2:33; 5:31; Eph. 1:20; Col. 3:1; Heb. 1:3; 8:1; 10:12; 12:2; 1 Peter 3:22). Son of Man is from Da 7:14. And from Ps 110:1 which the Jews surely knew, the implication is that He would judge these evil judges one day and they would be "a footstool for (His) feet!" Mt 26:64 adds "COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF HEAVEN." (from Da 7:13+) Remember that "all caps" in NT passages in the NAS identifies an OT quotation, in this case a combination of quotes from Psalm 110:1 ("Sit at My right hand") and Daniel 7:13 ("Son of Man"). Fact - Ps 110:1 is quoted or alluded to more frequently in the NT than any other single OT verse - Mt 22:42,43, 44; 26:64; Mk 12:36; 16:19; Lu 20:42, 43; 22:69; Acts 2:34, 35; 7:55; Ro 8:34; Ep 1:20-22; Col 3:1; Heb 1:3, 13; 8:1; 10:12, 13; 12:2; 1 Pe 3:22). Jesus' use of the title Son of Man clearly got their attention as we can discern from the next question in v70 "So, are you claiming to be the Son of God?" (NLT Paraphrase) Luke 22:70 And they all said, "Are You the Son of God, then?" And He said to them, "Yes, I am." BGT Luke 22:70 εἶπαν δὲ πάντες· σὺ οὖν εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; ὁ δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔφη· ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι. BGM Luke 22:70 λέγω@viaa3p δέ@cc πᾶς@ainmpn σύ@rpn-s οὖν@cc εἰμί@vipa2s ὁ@dnms υἱός@nnmsc ὁ@dgms θεός@ngmsc ὁ@dnms δέ@cc πρός@pa αὐτός@rpamp φημί@viaa3s/viia3s σύ@rpn-p λέγω@vipa2p ὅτι@cs ἐγώ@rpn-s εἰμί@vipa1s KJV Luke 22:70 Then said they all, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said unto them, Ye say that I am. NET Luke 22:70 So they all said, "Are you the Son of God, then?" He answered them, "You say that I am." CSB Luke 22:70 They all asked, "Are You, then, the Son of God?" And He said to them, "You say that I am." ESV Luke 22:70 So they all said, "Are you the Son of God, then?" And he said to them, "You say that I am." NIV Luke 22:70 They all asked, "Are you then the Son of God?" He replied, "You are right in saying I am." NLT Luke 22:70 They all shouted, "So, are you claiming to be the Son of God?" And he replied, "You say that I am." NRS Luke 22:70 All of them asked, "Are you, then, the Son of God?" He said to them, "You say that I am." YLT Luke 22:70 And they all said, 'Thou, then, art the Son of God?' and he said unto them, 'Ye say it, because I am;' GWN Luke 22:70 Then all of them said, "So you're the Son of God?" Jesus answered them, "You're right to say that I am." NKJ Luke 22:70 Then they all said, "Are You then the Son of God?" So He said to them, "You rightly say that I am." NAB Luke 22:70 They all asked, "Are you then the Son of God?" He replied to them, "You say that I am." MIT Luke 22:70 They all said, "Are you, therefore, God's son?" He said to them, "You have indicated as much by your question." NJB Luke 22:70 They all said, 'So you are the Son of God then?' He answered, 'It is you who say I am.' ASV Luke 22:70 And they all said, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said unto them, Ye say that I am. DBY Luke 22:70 And they all said, *Thou* then art the Son of God? And he said to them, *Ye* say that I am. BBE Luke 22:70 And they all said, Are you then the Son of God? and he said, You say that I am. NIRV Luke 22:70 They all asked, "Are you the Son of God then?" He replied, "You are right in saying that I am." RSV Luke 22:70 And they all said, "Are you the Son of God, then?" And he said to them, "You say that I am." RWB Luke 22:70 Then said they all, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said to them, Ye say that I am. WEB Luke 22:70 Then said they all, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said to them, Ye say that I am. the Son Luke 4:41; Ps 2:7,12; Mt 3:17; 27:43,54; John 1:34,49; 10:30,36; 19:7 He said Luke 23:3; Mt 26:64; Mark 14:61-62; 15:2; John 18:37 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Excellent Diagram/Map of Jesus' Arrest, Trial and Crucifixion Related Passages: Matthew 26:63-64 But Jesus kept silent. And the high priest said to Him, “I adjure You by the living God, that You tell us whether You are the Christ, the Son of God. Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself; nevertheless I tell you, hereafter you will see THE SON OF MAN SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF POWER, and COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF HEAVEN.” Matthew 27:1 Now when morning came, all the chief priests and the elders of the people conferred together against Jesus to put Him to death; Mark 14:61-62 But He kept silent and did not answer. Again the high priest was questioning Him, and saying to Him, “Are You the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?” 62 And Jesus said, “I am; and you shall see THE SON OF MAN SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF POWER, and COMING WITH THE CLOUDS OF HEAVEN.” Mark 15:2 Pilate questioned Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?” And He *answered him, “It is as you say.” John 18:37 Therefore Pilate said to Him, “So You are a king?” Jesus answered, “You say correctly that I am a king. For this I have been born, and for this I have come into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth hears My voice.” A SHIFT FROM SON OF MAN TO SON OF GOD And they all said, "Are You the Son of God, then?" - They all is interesting which makes it sound like this was a chorus of questions. First they asked are you the Christ and now the Son of God (not "a" son but "the" [definite article] Son). By asking Jesus if He were the Son of God, they were in effect asking if He was equal with God. Bob Utley - “and they all said” Notice the PLURAL. Those present spoke with one voice! We learn from Mark 14:55–59 that the false witnesses had failed in their accusations. At this point the Sanhedrin tried to get Jesus to incriminate Himself. This was illegal in Jewish Law. Jesus, in a round-about way, affirms that He is the Messiah (cf. Mark 14:62). He knew they would take this title in such a way as to accuse him before Rome. Moffat’s translation at this point is very helpful to catch the subtle connotation of this phrase. “That is your word, not mine, I would not put it like that, but since you have, I cannot deny it” (cf. Matt. 26:64). Note that the NAS records Jesus reply as "Yes, I am." Most versions (ESV, NET, NLT, et al) have the more accurate literal rendering "You say that I am." Fruchtenbaum writes "This is an idiomatic expression which means “yes.” It is similar to our way of saying “You said it!”" The NIV has "You are right in saying I am." And He said to them, "Yes, I am." - There it is for all the world to hear! So much for those who make the ignorant statement that Jesus never claimed to be God. He did and it got Him crucified! I am is once again the divine phrase (in this context) ego eimi. At the Second Religious Trial before Caiaphas at nighttime they had asked "Are You the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?” (Mk 14:61+) to which Jesus gave the same answer as here in Luke 22:70, declaring clearly "I am" (ego eimi)(Mk 14:62+). William