Êxodo 32

Êxodo 32

Irving Jensen (Online) - Used by Permission View Chuck Swindoll's chart of Exodus, Summary Chart of The Book of Exodus DELIVERANCE FROM OPPRESSION PREPARATION FOR WORSHIP Redemption from Egypt Ex 1:1-18:27 Revelation from God Ex 19:1-40:38 Getting Israel Out of Egypt Getting Egypt Out of Israel! Narration Legislation Birth of Moses Ex 1-2 Call of Moses Ex 3-6 Conflict with Pharaoh Ex 7-10 Exodus from Egypt Ex 11-12 Red Sea Crossed Ex 13-15 Journey To Sinai Ex 16-18 Law Given Ex 19-24 Tent Plan Ex 25-31 Idol Worship Ex 32-34 Tent Built Ex 35-40 Subjection Redemption Instruction Suffering and Liberation of People of God Guidance of God Worship of God Moses and Burdens of Israel Pharaoh and Plagues Upon Egypt Red Sea Deliverance Wilderness Provision Sinai Instructions Bondage and Oppression Deliverance and Provision Law Pattern and Construction Israel in Egypt Ex 1:1-13:16 Israel to Sinai Ex 13:17-18:27 Israel at Sinai Ex 19:1-40:38 God's People Enduring Bondage God's Grace Revealed in Redemption God's Glory Manifested in Worship Egypt 430 Years (15% of Exodus) Wilderness 2 Months (30% of Exodus) Mt Sinai 10 Months (55% of Exodus) From Groaning To Glory! Jensen's Survey of the Old Testament - online Click for Excellent Map of Route of the Exodus Click another Exodus from Egypt Click for Events during the Sojourn at Kadesh-Barnea GENESIS EXODUS human effort and failure divine power and triumph word of promise work of fulfillment a people chosen a people called God’s electing mercy God’s electing manner revelation of nationality realization of nationality SUMMARY OF THE PENTATEUCH (from Believer's Study Bible) Exodus 32:1 Now when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people assembled about Aaron and said to him, "Come, make us a god who will go before us; as for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him." NET Exodus 32:1 When the people saw that Moses delayed in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said to him, "Get up, make us gods that will go before us. As for this fellow Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him!" NLT Exodus 32:1 When the people saw how long it was taking Moses to come back down the mountain, they gathered around Aaron. "Come on," they said, "make us some gods who can lead us. We don't know what happened to this fellow Moses, who brought us here from the land of Egypt." ESV Exodus 32:1 When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered themselves together to Aaron and said to him, "Up, make us gods who shall go before us. As for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him." NIV Exodus 32:1 When the people saw that Moses was so long in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said, "Come, make us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who brought us up out of Egypt, we don't know what has happened to him." KJV Exodus 32:1 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him. LXE Exodus 32:1 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people combined against Aaron, and said to him, Arise and make us gods who shall go before us; for this Moses, the man who brought us forth out of the land of Egypt-- we do not know what is become of him. ASV Exodus 32:1 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we know not what is become of him. CSB Exodus 32:1 When the people saw that Moses delayed in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and said to him, "Come, make us a god who will go before us because this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt-- we don't know what has happened to him!" NKJ Exodus 32:1 Now when the people saw that Moses delayed coming down from the mountain, the people gathered together to Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make us gods that shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him." NRS Exodus 32:1 When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered around Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make gods for us, who shall go before us; as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him." YLT Exodus 32:1 And the people see that Moses is delaying to come down from the mount, and the people assemble against Aaron, and say unto him, 'Rise, make for us gods who go before us, for this Moses -- the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt -- we have not known what hath happened to him.' delayed: Ex 24:18 De 9:9 Mt 24:43 2Pe 3:4 come: Ge 19:14 44:4 Jos 7:13 make: Ex 20:3-5 De 4:15-18 Ac 7:40 17:29 19:26 will: Ex 13:21 33:3,14,15 the man: Ex 32:7,11 14:11 16:3 Ho 12:13 Mic 6:4 we do not know: Ge 21:26 39:8 Ge 44:15 Mt 24:48 2Pe 3:4 Exodus 32 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MOSES' DELAY LEADS TO ISRAEL'S DISASTROUS DEVIATION NET Note introduction - This narrative is an unhappy interlude in the flow of the argument of the book. After the giving of the Law and the instructions for the tabernacle, the people get into idolatry. So this section tells what the people were doing when Moses was on the mountain. Here is an instant violation of the covenant that they had just agreed to uphold. But through it all Moses shines as the great intercessor for the people. So the subject matter is the sin of idolatry, its effects and its remedy. This chapter can be divided into four parts for an easier exposition: idolatry (32:1–6), Impatience often leads to foolish violations of the faith intercession (32:7–14), Violations of the covenant require intercession to escape condemnation, judgment (32:15–29), Those spared of divine wrath must purge evil from their midst, intercession again (32:30–33:6). hose who purge evil from their midst will find reinstatement through intercession. This tragic chapter is recalled by the psalmist Psalm 106:19-23 19 They made a calf in Horeb And worshiped a molten image. 20 Thus they exchanged their glory For the image of an ox that eats grass. 21 They forgot God their Savior, Who had done great things in Egypt, 22 Wonders in the land of Ham And awesome things by the Red Sea. 23 Therefore He said that He would destroy them, Had not Moses His chosen one stood in the breach before Him, To turn away His wrath from destroying them. Note the Book Summary Chart above Getting Israel Out of Egypt (Exodus 1-18) and then Getting Egypt Out of Israel (Exodus 19-40). Israel had lived in a culture permeated with pagan idolatry. So even though they had see terrifying manifestations of the true and living God and heard His voice regarding His command to have no other God and to make no images of a god, they quickly reverted to their memories of idolatry in Egypt. THOUGHT - Beloved, one lesson we all must take to heart from Exodus 32 is that the evil practices of our life before Christ are still in our memory banks and our fallen flesh is very crafty at bringing those things to mind when we are vulnerable and our guard is down and thus to tempt us to take a trip down memory lane back into the darkness. And so we see the relevance of Jesus' warning command to "Keep watching (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) and praying (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) that you may not enter into temptation; the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.” (Mt 26:41+) Now when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain - We learn from Ex 24:18+ that "Moses entered the midst of the cloud as he went up to the mountain; and Moses was on the mountain forty days and forty nights." Apparently neither Aaron, nor even Moses for that matter, had had any idea how long his meeting with Jehovah would last. Moses delayed is a bit misleading because Moses did not voluntarily decide to delay, but the sovereign God of the universe ordained for him to stay 40 days and nights. The people perceived Moses' "delayed" which led to Israel's deviation, delusion and deception! Also notable is the Hebrew verb (bosh) primarily means caused shame and in this context means caused disappointment because he had not yet returned. Delayed (put to shame) (0954) see bosh George Bush on delayed - When the people saw that Moses delayed, &c. Heb. כי בשש משח ki boshesh Mosheh, lit. that Moses caused shame. The idiom of the original in regard to this word is peculiar. The radical בוש bosh signifies primarily to be ashamed, abashed, to blush for shame, whether through fear, modesty, or disappointment; and as long tarrying or waiting in vain for one’s coming is apt to be attended with a sensation of shame or displacency, as Jdg. 3:25, ‘they tarried till they were ashamed (embarrassed, anxious),’ the word is thence easily applied as here to tarrying or delaying, the effect being put, by a usual rhetorical figure, for the cause. See this ideal connexion between delay and shame in the diction of the Hebrew more fully unfolded in the Note on Jdg. 3:25. The Gr. has κεχρονικε from χρονιζω (chronizo), to procrastinate, a derivative from χορνος (chronos), usually rendered time, but in many cases more legitimately signifying delay. (Notes Critical and Practical on the Book of Exodus Volume 2 different source - Volume 2) THOUGHT - How we handle God’s ordained delays is a good measure of our spiritual maturity. If we allow such delays to make us drift off into sin or lapse into resignation to fate, then we react poorly to His ordained delays. If we allow such times to deepen our perseverance in following God, then they are of good use. The people assembled about Aaron - Victor Hamilton paraphrases this "the people ganged up on Aaron." (see Stuart's note below). There is nothing like a crowd to influence a weak leader and Aaron proved to be very weak which set him up to be a "crowd pleaser" and an idol maker. In America a popular show is "American Idol," but Aaron falls for a popular show in Egypt called "Egyptian Idolatrous Calf!" Recall from Ex 24:14+ that Aaron and Hur had been left in charge and yet for reasons that are not clear, we see no mention of Hur. Neither do we see any criticism of Hur once the plot is discovered by Moses. This is one of those mysteries we will have to wait until Heaven to learn the answer. Stuart on assembled about - The Hebrew expression employed, qāhal niphal + ʿal, is used by Moses only three other times, all in Numbers and all in contexts of opposition and hostility (Nu 16:3 = "they assembled together against Moses." cf Nu 16:41 = "the congregation had assembled against Moses and Aaron"), where the proper translation is “gather against” or the like....This does not excuse Aaron, who should have been willing to resist such pressure but who instead caved in to it. Yet it does tell us that Aaron may have acted partly out of fear for his own popularity/wellbeing/acceptance or the like. Bush - Gathered themselves together unto Aaron. Heb. יקהל על ארן yikkahël al Aaron, were assembled upon or against, Aaron. The usual term in Hebrew for to is אל el instead of על al, which latter has more the sense of contra, against, and the idea intended to be conveyed is probably that they beset him in a violent and tumultuous manner, clamorously demanding of him that he should yield to their wishes. It is perhaps but justice to Aaron to suppose that he at first earnestly opposed the measure, but that he was at length overcome by the importunity and menaces of the people. Still nothing can excuse his ultimate compliance. (Notes Critical and Practical on the Book of Exodus Volume 2 different source - Volume 2) And said to him, "Come, make us a god who will go before us - The initial impulse to make an idol came not from Aaron but from the people. The crowd issues two staccato commands (almost like an ultimatum) come (arise, stand up; Lxx = anistemi which is a Hebrew idiom marking the beginning of an action as in Mt 9:9) "Deceit is in the heart of those who devise evil." (Pr 12:20) "Will they not go astray who devise evil?" (Pr 14:22) God (Elohim) is literally "gods" plural. Israel is about 3 months out of Egypt but seems to have quickly forgotten that Jehovah had gone "before them in a pillar of cloud by day to lead them on the way, and in a pillar of fire by night to give them light, that they might travel by day and by night" (Ex 13:21+, Ex 14:19+) Not only did they forget that Jehovah had gone before them but they forgot He had even stood behind them to protect them from the Egyptians who would otherwise have slaughtered them (Ex 14:19, 20+). Think about this scene -- they were at the foot of Mt Sinai and doubtless the Shekinah glory was still manifest and yet they are now wanting something else to go before them! James Davies - They had become accustomed while in Egypt to seeing visible representations of deity, and we learn, from Joshua, that they had themselves habitually worshipped these. (Notes on Exodus) COMMENT - Here is a relevant quote from Joshua 24:14-16 (context - Joshua is about to pass on, and so these are some of his last words of warning)... Now, therefore, fear the LORD and serve Him in sincerity and truth; and put away the gods which your fathers served beyond the River and in Egypt, and serve the LORD. (CLEARLY ISRAEL HAD PERSISTED IN EGYPTIAN IDOLATRY) 15 “If it is disagreeable in your sight to serve the LORD, choose for yourselves today whom you will serve: whether the gods which your fathers served which were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living; but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.” 16 The people answered and said, “Far be it from us that we should forsake the LORD to serve other gods. Alan