2 Crônicas 18

2 Crônicas 18

SECOND CHRONICLES The Kingdom of Israel From Splendor to Disaster Splendor Disaster King Solomon of Judah 2 Chronicles 1-9 Successive Kings of Judah 2Chr 10-36 Kingdom United Kingdom Divided 2Chr 10:1-19 Rulers of the Southern Kingdom of Judah After the Split The Exile of Judah 2Chr 36:17-23 Inaugural 2Chr 1:1-17 Solomon's Temple 2Chr 2:1-7:22 Solomon's Glory 2Chr 8:1-9:31 Building of the Temple Decline & Destruction of the Temple Temple Destroyed ~40 Years ~393 Years Chart from Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission Click Chart from Charles Swindoll TIMELINE OF THE BOOKS OF SAMUEL, KINGS & CHRONICLES 1107 1011 971 931 853 722 586 1Samuel 2 Samuel 1Kings 1Kings 2 Kings 31 1-4 5-10 11-20 21-24 1-11 12-22 1-17 18-25 1 Chronicles 10 1Chr 11-19 1Chr 20-29 2 Chronicles 1-9 2 Chronicles 10-20 2 Chronicles 21-36 Legend: B.C. dates at top of timeline are approximate. Note that 931BC marks the division of the Kingdom into Southern Tribes (Judah and Benjamin) and Ten Northern Tribes. To avoid confusion be aware that after the division of the Kingdom in 931BC, the Southern Kingdom is most often designated in Scripture as "Judah" and the Northern Kingdom as "Israel." Finally, note that 1 Chronicles 1-9 is not identified on the timeline because these chapters are records of genealogy. SEE ALSO: ESV chart - kings of Israel - more information ESV chart - kings of Judah - more information Another Chart with Variable Dates for Reigns of Kings 2 Chronicles 18:1 Now Jehoshaphat had great riches and honor; and he allied himself by marriage with Ahab. riches: 2Ch 1:11-15 17:5,12 Mt 6:33 joined affinity: He took Athaliah, the daughter of Ahab, to be wife to his son Joram, (2 Ki 8:18;) which fatal connection was highly displeasing to God, and Jehoshaphat was severely reproved for it by Jehu the seer, 2 Ch 19:1-3. 2Ch 18:31 19:2 21:6 22:2,3 1Ki 16:31-33 21:25 2Ki 8:18,26,27 11:1 2Co 6:14 See BELOW FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR 1-2 CHRONICLES - adapted from Paul Apple's Bible Outlines Raymond Dillard: The narrative is structured primarily by its series of repartee paragraphs which constitute one of the longest dialogues in the OT; these paragraphs can be classified by their respective types: - proposal/response (18:4–5, 12–13, 15–22, 28–29), - question/answer (3, 6–7, 14, 23–24), - command/execution (8, 25–27, 30–32). Avoiding foreign alliances was for the Chronicler one aspect of the central demand of the covenant that Israel show exclusive loyalty to Yahweh her God. The Chronicler’s frequent introduction of this theme into his history must have had rhetorical relevance for the post-exilic community: though facing opposition and afforded many opportunities to trust in foreign powers or alliances, Judah in the restoration period was urged to trust in her God alone. (BORROW 2 Chronicles) Iain Duguid: Throughout Chronicles the people of God are always more than Judah, but here is a warning to postexilic hearers against alliances that compromise their distinctive identity as God’s people. The wider unity of Israel is to be based on common allegiance to the Lord. Prosperity and peace are to be found through trusting in him, not in political (or later, trading; 20:35–37) partnerships. Jeroboam’s alliance in battle continues as a salutary example of a man seeking to be loyal to God but getting drawn into actions one knows are contrary to God’s revealed Word. Such is the grace of God, however, that even there he delivers as one cries to him J.A. Thompson: This chapter describes Jehoshaphat’s failed policy toward the Northern Kingdom and in so doing underscores a significant theological theme for the Chronicler. Jehoshaphat apparently could not bring himself to recognize the depth of the Northern Kingdom’s apostasy. Perhaps he harbored ideas that since they were all Israelites then they ought to get along well and be in an alliance together. He may even have supposed that this could bring about the reunification of the nation. Therefore he not only went to war alongside the northern forces but he also entered into a commercial alliance with them (20:35-37) and even married his son Jehoram to Athaliah, daughter of Ahab. Disaster came from all three efforts, and yet Jehoshaphat never seemed to realize how dangerous it was to say, “I am as you are, and my people as your people” (18:3). The point for the Chronicler was that there could be only one king and one temple for the people of God. The point for us is that flirtation with those in apostasy is flirtation with catastrophe. The requirement to show Christian affability and fellowship must be balanced with discernment and fidelity to God’s truth. (See 1, 2 Chronicles: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition) Now Jehoshaphat had great riches and honor - The riches and honor were the blessing of the LORD for Jehoshaphat's obedience. Obedience always has a good "R.O.I." (Return On Investment)! The story of Jehoshaphat would have been good if it had ended with this way. and he allied himself by marriage with Ahab - Allied (chathan; Lxx epigambreuo - to become related by marriage) means to obtain a contract of affinity by marriage with a focus on the alliance gained. This would prove to be a tragic alliance that had serious repercussions in the present and in the future (unequal yoking virtually always yields a bad return on investment!) and in fact almost destroyed the family tree of Jesus Christ. Why do I say that? Because Athaliah was from the line of Ahab and when she saw her son Ahaziah, king of Judah, was dead "she rose and destroyed all the royal offspring." (2Ki 11:1), all except Joash who was hidden from Athaliah's death sentence (2Ki 11:2-3, cf 2Ch 22:2-4, 22:10-11). Joash was the last living male relative in the line of David, the line of Messiah! It was fitting that Jehoshaphat was rebuked by Hanani the seer (2Chr 19:2+). Jehoshaphat would have done well (as will all believers) to heed the axiomatic truth of Sin will take you further than you ever wanted to stray! Cost you more than you ever dreamed you would pay! Keep you longer than you ever thought you would stay! Iain Duguid: Ahab, son of Omri, was an influential king in the northern kingdom, well known for his military exploits to the northeast and even more, through his marriage to the Tyrian Jezebel, for the explosion of Baal worship in the north and subsequent influence in Judah that marked his reign. Andrew Hill: His reshaping of this introduction implicitly indicts Jehoshaphat on three counts: - his marriage alliance with the northern kingdom of Israel, - his pride (incited by the lavish reception he receives in Samaria), which clouds his sensibilities for decision=-making, and - his agreement to participate in a military campaign with King Aha. This introduction anticipates the prophetic condemnations of Jehoshaphat for his foolishness in allying himself with the apostate Ahab (cf. 19:1-3). Geoffrey Kirkland: Profile of the Apostate & Wicked King Ahab:  a liar/deceiver  a flatterer/manipulator  an idolater  an apostate (God-hater)  a hater (of God’s Word/Truth)  a self-lover/self-worshiper (had 400 yes-men//prophets who only spoke well of the king)  an unbeliever (rejected the prophetic Words)  a harsh man (feed the prophet sparingly)  a persecutor (put him in jail/prison)  under God’s wrath (18:33-34)  a wicked man (19:2) Henry