Levítico 16

Levítico 16

Chart from recommended resource Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission Another Overview Chart of Leviticus - Charles Swindoll A third Overview Chart of Leviticus LEVITICUS THE BOOK OF SANCTIFICATION AND WORSHIP Adapted and modified from C. Swindoll Leviticus 1-17 Leviticus 18-27 The Way to God Access The Walk with God Lifestyle The Approach: Offerings Practical Guidelines The Representative: Priest Chronological Observances The Laws: Cleansing Physically & Spiritually Severe Consequences Verbal promises Ritual for Worship Worshipping a Holy God Practical for Walking Living a Holy Life Location: Mt Sinai for one full year Theme: How sinful humanity can approach and worship a holy God Key Verses: Lev 17:11, 19:2, 20:7-8 Christ in Leviticus: In every sacrifice, every ritual, every feast Time: about 1446 BC Key words: Holy - 90x/76v (with forms of the root for holy 152x) more than in any OT book (Lev 2:3, 10; 5:15f; 6:16f, 25-27, 29f; 7:1, 6; 8:9; 10:3, 10, 12f, 17; 11:44-45; 14:13; 16:2-4, 16f, 20, 23f, 27, 32f; 19:2, 8, 24; 20:3, 7, 26; 21:6-8, 22; 22:2-4, 6f, 10, 14-16, 32; 23:2-4, 7f, 20f, 24, 27, 35-37; 24:9; 25:12; 27:9f, 14, 21, 23, 28, 30, 32f); Atonement - 51x/45v - (Lev 1:4; 4:20, 26, 31, 35; 5:6, 10, 13, 16, 18; 6:7, 30; 7:7; 8:15, 34; 9:7; 10:17; 12:7f; 14:18-21, 29, 31, 53; 15:15, 30; 16:6, 10f, 16-18, 24, 27, 30, 32-34; 17:11; 19:22; 23:27f; 25:9) Offering - 326x/199v (Lev 1:2-4, 6, 9f, 13f, 17; 2:1-16; 3:1-3, 5-9, 11f, 14, 16; 4:3, 7f, 10, 14, 18, 20f, 23-26, 28-35; 5:6-8, 15f, 18f; 6:5f, 9f, 12, 14f, 17f, 20f, 23, 25, 30; 7:1f, 5, 7-11, 13-16, 18, 20f, 25, 29f, 32-35, 37f; 8:2, 14, 18, 21, 27-29, 31; 9:2-4, 7f, 10, 12-18, 21f, 24; 10:12-17, 19; 12:6, 8; 14:10, 12-14, 17, 19-22, 24f, 28, 31; 15:15, 30; 16:3, 5f, 9, 11, 15, 24f, 27; 17:4f, 8; 19:5, 21f, 24; 21:6, 21; 22:12, 18, 21-23, 25, 27; 23:8, 12-14, 25, 27, 36-38; 24:7, 9; 27:9, 11) Tent of meeting - 43x/41v (Lev 1:1, 3, 5; 3:2, 8, 13; 4:4f, 7, 14, 16, 18; 6:16, 26, 30; 8:3f, 31, 33, 35; 9:5, 23; 10:7, 9; 12:6; 14:11, 23; 15:14, 29; 16:7, 16f, 20, 23, 33; 17:4ff, 9; 19:21; 24:3) Law - 16x/16v; (Lev 6:9, 14, 25; 7:1, 7, 11, 37; 11:46; 12:7; 13:59; 14:2, 32, 54, 57; 15:32) Sacrifice - 41x/34v; (Lev 3:1, 3, 6, 9; 4:10, 26, 31, 35; 7:11-13, 15-18, 20f, 29, 32, 34, 37; 9:4, 18; 10:14; 17:5, 7f; 19:5; 22:21, 24, 27, 29; 23:19, 37) Anoint - 17x/15v; (Lev 4:3, 5, 16; 6:20, 22; 7:36; 8:2, 10-12, 30; 10:7; 16:32; 21:10, 12) Sin - 111x/90v (Lev 4:2f, 8, 14, 20-29, 32-35; 5:1, 5-13, 15-18; 6:2-4, 17, 25f, 30; 7:7, 37f; 8:2, 14; 9:2f, 7f, 10, 15, 22; 10:16-19; 12:6, 8; 14:13, 19, 22, 31; 15:15, 30; 16:3, 5f, 9, 11, 15f, 21, 25, 27, 30, 34; 19:17, 22; 20:20; 21:21; 22:9; 23:19; 24:15; 25:1, 27; 26:18, 21, 24, 28, 46; 27:34) Iniquity - 10x/8v (Lev 7:18; 16:21f; 19:8; 26:39-41, 43) Death - 17/16v (Lev 16:1; 19:20; 20:2, 4, 9-11, 15f, 27; 24:16f, 21; 27:29) Die - 15x/15v (Lev 7:24; 8:35; 10:2, 6f, 9; 11:39; 15:31; 16:1f, 13; 17:15; 20:20; 22:8f) Blood - 86x/65v (Lev 1:5, 11, 15; 3:2, 8, 13, 17; 4:5-7, 16-18, 25, 30, 34; 5:9; 6:27, 30; 7:2, 14, 26f, 33; 8:15, 19, 23f, 30; 9:9, 12, 18; 10:18; 12:4f, 7; 14:6, 14, 17, 25, 28, 51f; 15:19, 25; 16:14f, 18f, 27; 17:4, 6, 10-12; 18:6, 12f, 17; 19:26; 20:18f; 25:49) Sabbath - 13x/10v (Lev 16:31; 23:3, 11, 15f, 32; 24:8; 25:2, 4, 6) The LORD spoke to Moses - 28x/28v - (Lev 4:1; 5:14; 6:1, 8, 19, 24; 7:22, 28; 8:1; 12:1; 13:1; 14:1; 16:1; 17:1; 18:1; 19:1; 20:1; 21:16; 22:1, 17, 26; 23:9, 23, 26, 33; 24:1, 13; 27:1) Jubilee - 20x/18v (Lev 25:10-13, 15, 28, 30f, 33, 40, 50, 52, 54; 27:17-18, 21, 23-24) Consecrate - 24x/23v - (Lev 6:18, 27; 7:35; 8:10-12, 15, 30; 11:44; 12:4; 16:19; 20:7; 21:8, 10; 25:10; 27:14-19, 22, 2) Covenant - 10x/8v (Lev 2:13; 24:8; 26:9, 15, 25, 42, 44f) Fat - 52x/33v (Lev 3:3f, 9f, 14-17; 4:8f, 19, 26, 31, 35; 6:12; 7:3f, 23-25, 30f, 33; 8:16, 25f; 9:10, 19f, 24; 10:15; 16:25; 17:6) Leviticus 16:1 Now the LORD spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they had approached the presence of the LORD and died. after the death of the two sons of Aaron Lev 10:1-2 Leviticus 16 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Lev 23:27+ summation of the Day of Atonement…“On exactly the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement; it shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall humble your souls and present an offering by fire to the LORD. 28 “Neither shall you do any work on this same day, for it is a day of atonement, to make atonement on your behalf before the LORD your God. 29 “If there is any person who will not humble himself on this same day, he shall be cut off from his people. 30 “As for any person who does any work on this same day, that person I will destroy from among his people. 31 “You shall do no work at all. It is to be a perpetual statute throughout your generations in all your dwelling places. 32 “It is to be a sabbath of complete rest to you, and you shall humble your souls; on the ninth of the month at evening, from evening until evening you shall keep your sabbath.” Lev 25:9+ ‘You shall then sound a ram’s horn abroad on the tenth day of the seventh month; on the day of atonement you shall sound a horn all through your land. Pattern of the Tabernacle-Click to Enlarge THE LESSON OF PRESUMPTUOUS WORSHIP GOD APPROACHED ONLY ON HIS TERMS To help understand the sequence of events note that Lev 16:1-10 are Yahweh's instructions regarding preparation for the sacrifices, a bull and ram for Aaron and two goats and a ram for the people. It is not until Lev 16:11 that the actual sacrifices begin to take place. Lev 16:11-14 marks Aaron's first entry into the holy place behind the veil, first taking incense into the holy place (is this a separate trip? some think so and then he goes back out to get the blood of the bull and comes in a second time). Then in Lev 16:15-19 he enters the Holy Place a second time and makes atonement with the goat of the sin offering for the people. Note that not only does he make atonement for the people at this time, but he also makes atonement for (1) the holy place (Lev 16:16, 17), (2) for the tent of meeting (Lev 16:16) and (3) for the brazen altar (Lev 16:18) with blood of both the bull and the goat. Then in Lev 16:20-22 he lays hands on the second live goat, confesses all iniquities, transgressions and sins of Israel and sends it to the wilderness, depicting sending their sins far away! Then in Lev 16:23-29 he bathes and apparently puts on his priestly garb and on the brazen altar offers the burning offering for himself and the people. Notice the three baths in this section for symbolic cleansing from contaminating effects of sin. Finally, Lev 16:29-34 in essence summarizes this day specifying the timing of once per year and in ev 16:33 reviewing the 5 atonements carried out on this day which is to be a permanent statue. This section has one additional facet of the day which is to be a day when they humble their souls and do no work. Now the LORD spoke to Moses - The laws were revealed not to the priests but directly to Moses, who thus functioned as mediator between the priests and God. After the death of the two sons (Lev 10:1-2) - One might subtitle this verse learning from the failures of others and holiness is not to be trifled with. This historical context signifies that the rules regarding the Day of Atonement were revealed to Moses to prevent other priests meeting a similar fatal fate while serving the tabernacle. Gordon Wenham has an interesting comment that , "The main purpose of the day of atonement ceremonies is to cleanse the sanctuary from the pollutions introduced into it by the unclean worshippers (cf. 16:16, 19). Without a purpose such as this there would have been little point in the high priest putting his life at risk by entering into the holy of holies. The aim of these rituals is to make possible God’s continued presence among his people." (See The Book of Leviticus - Page 228). F Duane Lindsey adds "It is true that the cleansing of "the most holy place, the Tent of Meeting, and the altar" (Lev 16:20) was a theologically significant feature of the Day of Atonement which appeared to be accomplished by the blood manipulation ritual of the slain goat for the people (Lev 16:15-19). But the completion of the sin offering with the live goat ritual involved a substitutionary carrying away of the people's sins (Lev 16:22) which were identified as "all the wickedness and rebellion of the Israelites—all their sins" (Lev 16:20), so that they "will be clean from all [their] sins" (Lev 16:30). Of course Aaron and his household were the initial objects of the atoning sacrifice's special rituals (Lev 16:6, 11-14). So the special atonement ritual averted the wrath of God for all the sins of the people for the past year. (See Bible Knowledge Commentary: Old Testament - Page 195) Richard Hess - On God’s act of addressing Moses, see comments on Lev 4:1. Verse 1 qualifies this with a note that it occurred after the death of Aaron’s sons. This explicitly connects the chapter with Leviticus 10 and the events recounted there. Though Lev 11 – 15 logically precede Lev16, they have no chronological context. Leviticus 10, with its defilement of the sanctuary and the sin of the sons of Aaron, precedes ch. 16 and demonstrates the need for a ceremony of atonement that restores fellowship between God and Israel. (ED: In other words it appears that these instructions almost immediately follow the pollution of the Tabernacle and death of Aaron's sons. One can only imagine that Aaron's full attention is focused on the instructions he receives from Moses!) (See Expositor's Bible Commentary - page 1099) David