Miquéias 5

Miquéias 5

MICAH - WHO IS LIKE JEHOVAH? Chart from recommended resource Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission Chart by Charles Swindoll MICAH: WHO IS LIKE JEHOVAH? RETRIBUTION Micah 1:1-2:13 KINGDOM Micah 3:1-5:15 WORSHIP Micah 6:1-7:20 First Message: Judgment Will Come Second Message: Blessing will follow Judgment Third Message: An Indictment of Sin & A Promise of Blessing Judgment Micah 1:1-2:11 Promise Micah 2:12-13 Judgment Micah 3:1-12 Promise Micah 4:1-5:15 Judgment Micah 6:1-7:10 Promise Sin and Judgment Hope and Comfort Controversy and Pardon Sin & It's Outcome Incurable The King & His Kingdom Inevitable First Coming - Mic 5:2-3 Second Coming - Mic 5:4-15 The Lord & His Justice Inescapable Message of Destruction for Samaria & Judah Message of Doom & Deliverance Message of Denunciation God Gathers to Judge and Deliver God Judges Rulers and Comes to Deliver God Brings Indictments and Ultimate Deliverance Question 1: Is God Responsible for the Destruction we face? Question 2: How Do We Know God is with Us? Question 3: What Does God Want from Us? About 25 Years 735-710 BC Approximated MICAH 5 COMMENTARY Micah 5:1 Now muster yourselves in troops, daughter of troops; They have laid siege against us; With a rod they will smite the judge of Israel on the cheek. Gather Deuteronomy 28:49; 2Kings 24:2; Isaiah 8:9; 10:6; Jeremiah 4:7; 25:9; Joel 3:9; Habakkuk 1:6; Habakkuk 3:16 They have Deuteronomy 28:51-57; 2Kings 25:1-3; Ezekiel 21:21,22; 24:2; Luke 19:43,44 With a rod Job 16:10; Lamentations 3:30; Matthew 5:39; 26:67; 27:30; John 18:22; 19:3; Acts 23:2; 2Corinthians 11:20 judge 1Samuel 8:5,6; Isaiah 33:22; Amos 2:3 Micah Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries This verse occurs at the end of chapter 4 in the Massoretic Text and is thus understood to be a continuation of the preceding discussion. The NET Note says Beginning with Mic 5:1, the verse numbers through 5:15 in the English Bible (ET) differ by one from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (HT) (BHS), with Mic 5:1 ET = 4:14 HT, Mic 5:2 ET = 5:1 HT, Mic 5:3 ET = 5:2 HT, etc., through Mic 5:15 ET = 5:14 HT. From Mic 6:1 the verse numbers in the English Bible and the Hebrew Bible are again the same. Allen comments that Micah 5:1 "is composed of a short sinister section and a long happy one." (Micah 5:2-15) Note: While Micah 5 clearly has Messianic implications, the interpretation of many of the specific details is not straight forward which has led to a variety of interpretations, even by conservative commentators. TABLE 1 DIVINE MERCY TRUMPS DIVINE WRATH JUDGMENT PROMISE/HOPE Micah 1:1-2:11 Micah 2:12-13 Micah 3:1-12 Micah 4:1-14 Micah 5:1 Micah 5:2-15 Micah 6:1-7:10 Micah 7:11-20 NLT Micah 5:1 Mobilize! Marshal your troops! The enemy is laying siege to Jerusalem. They will strike Israel's leader in the face with a rod. NET Micah 5:1 But now slash yourself, daughter surrounded by soldiers! We are besieged! With a scepter they strike Israel's ruler on the side of his face. HCSB Micah 5:1 Now daughter who is under attack, you slash yourself in grief; a siege is set against us! They are striking the judge of Israel on the cheek with a rod. NICOT (Allen) Micah 5:1 Now you are gashing yourself, Lady under attack. Siege is laid against us; with their stick they are striking on the cheek Israel’s judge. Context - As you will note in the preceding above, Micah now reverts back to judgment and then follows immediately by one of the more famous Promises of Hope in all the OT. Wiseman notes that "Like the preceding oracle it moves from the present distress to future salvation, more particularly from the humiliation of Jerusalem’s king (Micah 5:1) to the Messiah’s victory (Micah 5:2–5)." Now - Here we meet the third ‘now’. Three times (Micah 4:9–10; 4:11–13; 5:1–5a) Micah introduces a period of distress with his ‘now’ and then follows it with a proclamation of hope. (Dale Ralph Davis) Now muster (summon) yourselves in troops, daughter of troops - Note that the NET, HCSB and NICOT translations (above) interpret the Hebrew differently because they take the Hebrew verb gadad to mean "slash (gash) yourself.". The NAS and ESV favor the meaning of gadad as to "to muster." As discussed below, the most common meaning of gadad in the OT is to cut or slash one's self as either a sign of grief (Dt 14:1) or as a maneuver calculated to appeal to the deities (as was done with the pagan false religions). The verb gadad is in the Hithpoel, which is an intensive reflexive stem ("Muster yourselves" or "Cut yourselves") McComiskey - According to the former meaning (of gadah meaning slashing), Micah sarcastically calls upon Zion to engage in heathen mourning rites that involved cutting oneself (1Ki 18:28; Jer 16:6; 41:5), which the law forbade (Lev 19:28; Dt. 14:1)… Micah is ordering Zion to form itself into a troop. (This) interpretation is preferable because, as in Micah 4:9 where the figure of sarcasm was also disallowed, it better fits an oracle of salvation. Davis - We can’t be sure exactly what it is that Micah calls Jerusalem to do in face of the siege. His command uses a word- or sound-play; he wants the ‘daughter of gĕdûd’ to gādad in some way! There may be two distinct verbs that ‘use’ that gādad root. One means to ‘gash’; hence NJPS, ‘Now you gash yourself in grief’ (cf. 1Ki 18:28). The other means ‘to throng’ or ‘band together’. This latter fits nicely with gĕdûd’, a band of raiders. Daughter of troops - "daughter of attack (Lit = daughter of a raid)” (Allen). "daughter surrounded by soldiers." (NET) The New American Bible has an interesting translation "Bat-gader!" regarding which the marginal note says "Bat-gader: "fenced-in maiden," another symbolic name for Jerusalem, then under siege from the Assyrians (Ed: Clearly their interpretation. Others think that Micah is referring to the siege by Babylon.)" Compare "daughter of Zion (Jerusalem)" - Mic 4:8.