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Charles Spurgeon · Citado em PreceptAustin
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Spurgeon - Death is a great tester of a man’s sincerity, and a great shaker down of bowing walls and tottering fences. Men have thought that it was all well with them, but when the swellings of Jordan have been about them, they have found matters quite otherwise. Here we see Joseph so calm, so quiet, that he remembers the covenant, falls back upon it, and rejoices in it. He speaks of dying as though it were only a part of living, and comparatively a small matter to him. He gives no evidence of trepidation whatever. No fear distracts him, but he bears his last witness to his brothers who gather about his bed concerning the faithfulness of God and the infallibility of his promise. Hebrews 11:22+ By faith Joseph, when he was dying, made mention of the exodus of the sons of Israel, and gave orders concerning his bones (fulfilled by Moses in Ex 13:19, cf Josh 24:32). Joseph died, and all his brothers and all that generation - Joseph was 30 when he began to reign and he was 110 years old when he died (Gen. 50:26). The Septuagint verb for died means more than just stop breathing for it is teleutao (from teleo = to complete, to reach the goal, not merely ending something, but bringing it to its destined goal or telos = goal) which describes "coming to an end," finishing this life, reaching the goal (cf "finish line"). In the case of Joseph this verb gives us the picture of a life well lived, of a life that has fulfilled its purpose and accomplished God's will. Yes, Joseph died, but he also "finished" his race well! THOUGHT - O, to live such a Spirit filled, God glorifying, Christ exalting existence in this short race we call "life." My prayer for myself and all who read this note is that we might be enabled to finish well like Joseph and like Paul (cf 2 Ti 4:7+ finished = teleo), so that when we fall asleep in Jesus, it would be appropriate to use the verb teleutao to describe our passing on to glory in the next life. In Jesus' Mighty Name.Amen. Although this statement Joseph died follows the record of the 70 (Ex 1:5) coming to Egypt (Ex 1:1-5), we know from Genesis that Joseph's death did not follow immediately on the arrival of the 70 but there were a number of years between Jacob's arrival in Egypt and Joseph's death (see Timelines above). Ryrie estimates Joseph's time in Egypt to be about 93 years. The number of years Jacob and the Sons of Israel were in Egypt before Joseph died is not clear, but certainly less than 93 years. Obviously Jacob died before Joseph (Ge 49:33, Ge 50:1-14). Then if you compare the timelines of Genesis and Exodus (remembering that these dates are only approximations), you will see that Genesis *(Ge 50:26) ends with "Death of Joseph" (1804 BC) and Exodus begins with "Beginning of Slavery in Egypt" (1875 BC). Ryrie estimates that it was approximately 70+ years after Joseph died that a new king of Egypt began to enslave Israel. Israel's time in slavery is then estimated to be from 1875 BC to 1445 BC (430 years). As discussed below from the time of the arrival of the Sons of Israel to the time of the departure in 1445 BC, the nation had grown from 70 to about 2 million! Exodus 1:7 But the sons of Israel were fruitful and increased greatly, and multiplied, and became exceedingly mighty, so that the land was filled with them. Hamilton - Still, the Israelites were fertile and prolific; they multiplied and became extremely mighty, so that the land was filled with them. BGT Exodus 1:7 οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ηὐξήθησαν καὶ ἐπληθύνθησαν καὶ χυδαῖοι ἐγένοντο καὶ κατίσχυον σφόδρα σφόδρα ἐπλήθυνεν δὲ ἡ γῆ αὐτούς NET Exodus 1:7 The Israelites, however, were fruitful, increased greatly, multiplied, and became extremely strong, so that the land was filled with them. LXE Exodus 1:7 And the children of Israel increased and multiplied, and became numerous and grew exceedingly strong, and the land multiplied them. NLT Exodus 1:7 But their descendants, the Israelites, had many children and grandchildren. In fact, they multiplied so greatly that they became extremely powerful and filled the land. KJV Exodus 1:7 And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them. ESV Exodus 1:7 But the people of Israel were fruitful and increased greatly; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong, so that the land was filled with them. NIV Exodus 1:7 but the Israelites were fruitful and multiplied greatly and became exceedingly numerous, so that the land was filled with them. ASV Exodus 1:7 And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them. CSB Exodus 1:7 But the Israelites were fruitful, increased rapidly, multiplied, and became extremely numerous so that the land was filled with them. NKJ Exodus 1:7 But the children of Israel were fruitful and increased abundantly, multiplied and grew exceedingly mighty; and the land was filled with them. NRS Exodus 1:7 But the Israelites were fruitful and prolific; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong, so that the land was filled with them. YLT Exodus 1:7 and the sons of Israel have been fruitful, and they teem, and multiply, and are very very mighty, and the land is filled with them. fruitful: Ex 12:37 Ge 1:20,28 9:1 12:2 13:16 15:5 17:4-6,16 22:17 26:4 Ge 28:3,4,14 35:11 46:3 47:27 48:4,16 De 10:22 26:5 Ne 9:23 Ps 105:24 Ac 7:17,18 Exodus 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries POPULATION EXPLOSION: SEED OF ABRAHAM BECOMES A NATION But - Note the striking contrast. Moses had just described death of all the sons of Israel named in Ex 1:1-6. Now he uses the same phrase sons of Israel and describes life of those same sons of Israel! Alan
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Spurgeon - The land of Goshen was fruitful, and the Israelites had been greatly favored by the Egyptian king. The mass of them, therefore, had little thought of ever leaving that country. They resolved that they would settle there permanently. In fact, though God would not have it so, they became Egyptians as much as they could. They were part of the Egyptian nation, and they began to forget their separate origin. In all probability, if they had been left to themselves, they would have melted and been absorbed into the Egyptian race and lost their identity as God’s special people. To a large degree, they began to adopt the superstitions, idolatries, and iniquities of Egypt. And these things clung to them in later years. Yet all the while God was resolved to bring them out of that evil connection. They must be a separated people. They could not be Egyptians nor live permanently like Egyptians, for Jehovah had chosen them for himself, and he meant to make an abiding difference between Israel and Egypt. The first thing to be done with the Israelites was to cause them to be anxious to come out of Egypt, for it is not God’s way to make people his servants, except so far as they willingly yield themselves to him. He never violates the human will, though he constantly and effectually influences it. God would not have the people dragged out of Egypt, or driven out in chains, against their own glad consent. He must bring them out in such a way that they would be willing to come out, so that they would march forth with joy and delight, being thoroughly weary and sick of all Egypt and, therefore, rejoicing to get away from it. How was this to be done? It was accomplished by a new king who did not know Joseph and his eminent services. THE KING'S STRATEGY (Exod. 1:10) 1. An Acknowledgment. Pharaoh recognized Israel's growth and said, "Behold, the people of the Children of Israel are more and mightier than we." The men of the world cannot but see that God is with His own. They are compelled to recognize the superiority morally, intellectually, and every other way, of real God-led and God-filled saints to the common run of the unregenerate. He who walks with God walks in touch with the power and wisdom that is beyond man. He partakes of the might of his Lord. 2. Trusting human strategy. Pharaoh said, "Let us deal wisely with them." His conception of wisdom was some human manipulation by which he might deplete the number and the power of the people of God. He confessed his fear lest the Children of Israel should join in war against him, and against his people, possessing their land. The Bible tells us that the wisdom of men is foolishness with God. Pharaoh proved utterly helpless and unwise in his dealings. Beloved, it is time for the Church to consider these things. If we are going forth to war, or to work for the Lord in our own wisdom and strength we will utterly fail; when the churches try to raise money, or to conduct their ministrations upon humanly conceived and humanly planned lines of activity, they are certain to fail. Our power is in prayer. Our power is in our contact with Christ, the Head of the Church. The Holy Spirit is the One who must lead us on to victory. Exodus 1:11 So they appointed taskmasters over them to afflict them with hard labor. And they built for Pharaoh storage cities, Pithom and Raamses. BGT Exodus 1:11 καὶ ἐπέστησεν αὐτοῖς ἐπιστάτας τῶν ἔργων ἵνα κακώσωσιν αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις καὶ ᾠκοδόμησαν πόλεις ὀχυρὰς τῷ Φαραω τήν τε Πιθωμ καὶ Ραμεσση καὶ Ων ἥ ἐστιν Ἡλίου πόλις NET Exodus 1:11 So they put foremen over the Israelites to oppress them with hard labor. As a result they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh. LXE Exodus 1:11 And he set over them task-masters, who should afflict them in their works; and they built strong cities for Pharao, both Pitho, and Ramesses, and On, which is Heliopolis. NLT Exodus 1:11 So the Egyptians made the Israelites their slaves. They appointed brutal slave drivers over them, hoping to wear them down with crushing labor. They forced them to build the cities of Pithom and Rameses as supply centers for the king. KJV Exodus 1:11 Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses. ESV Exodus 1:11 Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with heavy burdens. They built for Pharaoh store cities, Pithom and Raamses. NIV Exodus 1:11 So they put slave masters over them to oppress them with forced labor, and they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh. ASV Exodus 1:11 Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses. CSB Exodus 1:11 So the Egyptians assigned taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. They built Pithom and Rameses as supply cities for Pharaoh. NKJ Exodus 1:11 Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh supply cities, Pithom and Raamses. NRS Exodus 1:11 Therefore they set taskmasters over them to oppress them with forced labor. They built supply cities, Pithom and Rameses, for Pharaoh. YLT Exodus 1:11 And they set over it princes of tribute, so as to afflict it with their burdens, and it buildeth store-cities for Pharaoh, Pithom and Raamses; to afflict: Ex 3:7 5:15 Ge 15:13 Nu 20:15 De 26:6 hard labor: Ex 2:11 5:4,5 Ps 68:13 81:6 105:13 Raamses: Ge 47:11 Pr 27:4 Exodus 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Jewish Pogrom in 1614 THE FIRST POGROM FORCED LABOR A pogrom is defined (Wikipedia) as "a violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at Jews. The Slavic-languages term originally entered the English language in order to describe 19th and 20th century attacks on Jews in the Russian Empire (mostly within the Pale of Settlement). Similar attacks against Jews at other times and places also became retrospectively known as pogroms." It is interesting that in the most horrible pogrom (to day), the Nazis subjected the Jews in concentration camps to forced labor, often literally working them to death! Perhaps the Nazis read about this evil king in Exodus! Scott Grant - In his harrowing personal account of the Holocaust (the Nazi Pogrom), "Night," Elie Wiesel describes the intensifying affliction that the Jews of Shiget, Transylvania, endured. First, they were herded into a ghetto. Then they were sent to concentration camps. Finally most of them died or were executed in the camps. At each stage hope of some kind bloomed but was soon crushed by the next brutal measure taken by the Nazis. A similar scene is described in the first chapter of Exodus. Intensifying affliction brought on by the Egyptians brings the Israelites to the point of destruction. But that's only part of the story. Each stage of increasing affliction is answered by God. Each attempt by the king of Egypt to rein in the Israelites is thwarted by God, who causes their numbers to increase. God will not be deterred from advancing his purposes for his people. We may face intensifying affliction. Things go from bad to worse. But the message of Exodus 1 is clear: God's purposes for his people will not be thwarted. His purposes for us advance despite intensifying affliction and through intensifying affliction. From our perspective, things may go from bad to worse. We agonize in the pains of labor. But God is giving birth.
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Spurgeon - Had the contest been merely between Pharaoh and Israel, the Egyptian king could exercise power and policy enough to defeat the sons of Jacob and reduce them to serfdom; but when a new name is brought in, and the contest appears to be truly between Pharaoh and Jehovah the God of Israel, it is another matter, and a far different issue may be counted on. There is One behind the curtain who takes Israel’s part. It did seem to be a deep-laid plot, political and crafty indeed. Instead of murdering them wholesale, it did seem a wise, though a cruel thing, to make them slaves—to divide them up and down the country, to subject them to toil till their spirits were broken, to appoint them to the most menial work in the land that they might be crushed and their spirits become so base that they would not dare to rebel. Thus we may suppose it was hoped that their physical strength would be so relaxed, and their circumstances so reduced, that the clan would soon be insignificant if not utterly extinct. But God met and overruled this policy in various ways: “The more they oppressed them, the more they multiplied.” Had it been another people, the tactics might have succeeded; but they were God’s people, endeared to him by their ancestry, ennobled in his sight by their covenant destiny, and encompassed with his favor as with a shield. Remember that God may be behind the scenes, unseen, But He controls the scenes He is behind! (Including every act, every scene, every moment of our lives!) THOUGHT - Perhaps as you read this note, you need to remember that truth about your Heavenly Father Who loves you profoundly and personally. And so even now you find yourself unjustly, unfairly afflicted or mistreated because of your love of Jesus Christ. He warned us this was coming, so we should not be surprised (Jn 15:18-21, Mt 10:22). But the Bible is just as clear that God will either bring us through the affliction or will use the affliction to refine us, but in both cases He personally walks through the affliction with each of us (Heb 13:5+, cf Ro 8:35-39+, Dt 31:6, Isa 41:10). Truth is what we must stand on when our world begins to shake and Paul spoke beautiful truth when he declared "For momentary, light affliction is producing for us an eternal weight of glory far beyond all comparison, while we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen; (cf Col 3:1,2+, 1 Pe 1:13+, Heb 12:2+) for the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal." (2 Cor 4:17-18+, cf 1 Peter 1:6-7+, Mt 5:11-12+, Lk 6:22-23+). Listen and be encouraged by the words of Steven Curtis Chapman's song "Not Home Yet." Afflicted (06031) see preceding note on 'anah Multiplied (07235) see preceding note on rabah which speaks of numerical increase Annie Johnson Flint’s memorable lines are ever apropos. He giveth more grace when the burdens grow greater; He sendeth more strength when the labors increase. To added affliction He addeth His mercy; To multiplied trials, His multiplied peace. The Sons of Israel did not know it but God was at work behind the scenes and a deliverer was soon to be raised up. David