Levítico 25
Charles Spurgeon · Citado em PreceptAustin
Levítico 25
Spurgeon - The preaching of the Gospel is a proclamation of a spiritual jubilee, Jesus our great High-priest has preached deliverance to the captive, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound. Now, even now, each believer keeps his jubilee. Note that the jubilee began on the evening of the day of atonement; our Lord’s atoning work is the fountain-head of our holy joy....(ANOTHER COMMENT ON LEV 25 HE WRITES) Thus by the gospel jubilee we are set free, with the true liberty. Now know we the meaning of the Lord’s words, “the year of my redeemed is come.” Have all in this house kept the jubilee? If not, the Lord grant that we may Jesus our great High Priest, Hath full atonement made; Ye weary spirits, rest; Ye mournful souls, be glad! The year of jubilee is come: Return, ye ransom’d sinners, home. Ye who have sold for nought The heritage above, Receive it back unbought, The gift of Jesus’ love; The year, &c. Ye slaves of sin and hell, Your liberty receive; And safe in Jesus dwell, And blest in Jesus live; The year, &c.
Levítico 25
Spurgeon comments on Lev 25:10 - The preaching of the Gospel is a proclamation of a spiritual jubilee, Jesus our great High-priest has preached deliverance to the captive, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound. Now, even now, each believer keeps his jubilee. Note that the jubilee began on the evening of the day of atonement; our Lord’s atoning work is the fountain-head of our holy joy PROCLAIM A RELEASE THROUGH THE LAND TO ALL ITS INHABITANTS: "Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof" (KJV) is inscribed upon the original Liberty Bell of the United States and was cited in connection with the ringing of the Liberty Bell when America's Declaration of Independence was signed. Release (01865)(deror) means a flowing or free running (this literal use found in Ex 30:23+). Figuratively deror described a release, liberty or emancipation. Deror refers to the freedom proclaimed during the year of Jubilee (Lev. 25:10; cp Jer. 34:8, 15, 17). In the Year of Jubilee, slaves were released and allowed to return to their families and land was restored to its original owners. Isaiah used deror in his messianic prophecy in Isaiah 61:1 to announce good news to the afflicted, including a proclamation of freedom to captives. Jesus quoted this text in the synagogue at Nazareth at the inception of His own ministry (Luke 4:18+). The Septuagint (Lxx) translates deror (in Lev 25:10, et al) with the Greek noun aphesis which speaks of release of captives (Lk 4:18+) resulting in liberation and deliverance. Aphesis in other contexts referred to cancellation or pardon of a debt. The predominant significance of aphesis in the NT relates to the forgiveness of sins (Mt 26:28) which is one of the primary blessings for those who enter the New Covenant by grace through faith in Jesus the Sin Bearer. Note that the word aphesis does not refer to a "passing over" of sins as we see in the Old Testament sacrificial system (cp Ro 3:25+ which alludes to the merciful truth that God "passed over [paresis] the sins previously committed.") In dramatic contrast to the handling of sins in the OT (they were just "passed over"), aphesis speaks of the complete removal of the sins from the mind of God (compare the blessing of the New Covenant's handling of our sins in Heb 10:3+ and Heb 10:18+). Brown-Driver-Briggs Expanded Definition - deror - I. דְּרוֺר noun [masculine] a flowing; free run, liberty; — 1מָרדְּֿרוֺר Exodus 30:23 (P) i.e. myrrh of flowing, fine-flowing myrrh compare מֹר & Di. 2 with קרא proclaim liberty, וּקְרָאתֶם דְּרוֺר בָּאָרֶץ לְכָליֿשְׁבֶ֑יהָ Leviticus 25:10 (H) in Jubilee year, compare Isaiah 61:1 ("" מְּקַחקֿוֺחַ); Jeremiah 34:8,15,17 all reference to liberty of Sabbatical year; Jeremiah 34:17 (iron.) lo ! I proclaim to you liberty unto the sword, unto pestilence & unto famine, i.e. liberty to be destroyed by sword, pestilence and famine, (a judgment of Yahweh); ׳שְׁנַתהַֿדּ Ezekiel 46:17i.e. year of Jubilee (cf Leviticus 25:10). Gesenius Definition - deror - דְּרוֹר m. [but f. Psalms 84:4. Root דָּרַר] (1) swift flight, gyration; hence concr. used of a bird wheeling in its flight; according to the Jewish interpreters the swallow (in the other member there is צִפּוֹר sparrow), according to the ancient versions the turtle dove, i.q. תֹּר, which appears less suitable, Psalms 84:4; Proverbs 26:2. Compare the root דָּרַר No. 1. (2) a free or abundant flow (see the root No. 2). Exodus 30:23, מָר־דְּרוֹר myrrh which flows spontaneously. Hence (3) liberty, freedom (comp. נָדַב, נְדָבָה), לְ קָרָא דְרוֹר to proclaim liberty to any one. Isaiah 61:1 Jerem. 34:8, 15 Jeremiah 34:15, 17 Jeremiah 34:17 followed by בְּ Leviticus 25:10. שְׁנַת הַדְּרוֹר the year of liberation (of slaves), i.q. the year of jubilee, Ezekiel 46:17. Deror - 8x in 7v in the OT - Usage: flowing(1), liberty(2), release(5). Exodus 30:23 "Take also for yourself the finest of spices: of flowing myrrh five hundred shekels, and of fragrant cinnamon half as much, two hundred and fifty, and of fragrant cane two hundred and fifty, Leviticus 25:10 'You shall thus consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim a release through the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you, and each of you shall return to his own property, and each of you shall return to his family. Isaiah 61:1 The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, Because the LORD has anointed me To bring good news to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, To proclaim liberty to captives And freedom to prisoners; Jeremiah 34:8 The word which came to Jeremiah from the LORD after King Zedekiah had made a covenant with all the people who were in Jerusalem to proclaim release to them: Jeremiah 34:15 "Although recently you had turned and done what is right in My sight, each man proclaiming release to his neighbor, and you had made a covenant before Me in the house which is called by My name. Jeremiah 34:17 "Therefore thus says the LORD, 'You have not obeyed Me in proclaiming release each man to his brother and each man to his neighbor. Behold, I am proclaiming a release to you,' declares the LORD, 'to the sword, to the pestilence and to the famine; and I will make you a terror to all the kingdoms of the earth. Ezekiel 46:17 "But if he gives a gift from his inheritance to one of his servants, it shall be his until the year of liberty (another name for the Year of Jubilee); then it shall return to the prince. His inheritance shall be only his sons'; it shall belong to them. James Smith - Handfuls of Purpose - Liberty. "Ye shall proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants" (Lev 25:10). On the ground of Christ's atonement God proclaims liberty to every captive. The sounding of the trumpet at the lips of God's holy ones was the publishing of this glad news. This deliverance for the bond slave was immediate and complete on the hearing and believing of the tidings. The sound was for the ear, the message was for the heart (Luke 4:18). IT SHALL BE A JUBILEE FOR YOU: The institutions of the sabbatical year, giving the lands a rest, and the jubilee year, after seven sabbatical years, were a marvelous provision by God to insure perpetual freedom and productivity for all the people of Israel if they would have only observed these commands. The land would have remained perpetually fruitful; permanent slavery could not exist, and vast accumulations of wealth by a few individuals would have been precluded. Sadly, the people repeatedly disobeyed, and God's warning had to be carried out (Lv 26:33-35). Since they rejected God's provision for "liberty throughout the land," their land became desolate and all its people were taken into captivity (2 Ch 36:20,21 NET NOTE - Heb “A jubilee that shall be to you.” Although there has been some significant debate about the original meaning of the Hebrew word translated “jubilee” (יוֹבֵל, yovel; see the summary in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 434), the term most likely means “ram” and can refer also to a “ram’s horn.” The fiftieth year would, therefore, be called the “jubilee” because of the associated sounding of the “ram’s horn” (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 172, and the literature cited there). Jubilee (03104)(yobel from yabal = to conduct, bear along) has two distinct meanings (1) that of "ram's horn," appearing in construct with the noun shôphār, "horn," and qeren , "horn"; and (2) reference to "Year of Jubilee." The horn was used as a musical instrument in Hebrew and is usually labeled by the technical term "shophar." The association of the meanings stems from the blowing of the horn to announce the advent of the Year of Jubilee. Baker on yobel - It is used in the phrase qeren yôḇēl, “horn of a ram” (Josh. 6:5) or in the phrase šôp̱erôṯ hayyôḇelı̂ym “shophars (rams’ horns) of rams” which is rendered as “trumpets of rams’ horns” (e.g., NASB, Josh. 6:4). Its most famous use is in the phrase “year of the ram’s horn,” which means the Year of Jubilee that was announced by blowing a ram’s horn (Lev. 25:13). The word is used alone with the definite article or without it to mean simply the Jubilee (Lev. 25:10–12; 25:15). Its most spectacular use was at Sinai to inaugurate God’s appearance and the giving of the Law (Ex. 19:13)." (The Complete Word Study Dictionary: OT) Yobel - 27x in 25v - Usage: jubilee(21), ram's(1), ram's horn(1), rams' horns(4). Exodus 19:13 'No hand shall touch him, but he shall surely be stoned or shot through; whether beast or man, he shall not live.' When the ram's horn sounds a long blast, they shall come up to the mountain." Leviticus 25:10 'You shall thus consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim a release through the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you, and each of you shall return to his own property, and each of you shall return to his family. Leviticus 25:11 'You shall have the fiftieth year as a jubilee; you shall not sow, nor reap its aftergrowth, nor gather in from its untrimmed vines. Leviticus 25:12 'For it is a jubilee; it shall be holy to you. You shall eat its crops out of the field. Leviticus 25:13 'On this year of jubilee each of you shall return to his own property. Leviticus 25:15 'Corresponding to the number of years after the jubilee, you shall buy from your friend; he is to sell to you according to the number of years of crops. Leviticus 25:28 'But if he has not found sufficient means to get it back for himself, then what he has sold shall remain in the hands of its purchaser until the year of jubilee; but at the jubilee it shall revert, that he may return to his property. Leviticus 25:30 'But if it is not bought back for him within the space of a full year, then the house that is in the walled city passes permanently to its purchaser throughout his generations; it does not revert in the jubilee. Leviticus 25:31 'The houses of the villages, however, which have no surrounding wall shall be considered as open fields; they have redemption rights and revert in the jubilee. Leviticus 25:33 'What, therefore, belongs to the Levites may be redeemed and a house sale in the city of this possession reverts in the jubilee, for the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession among the sons of Israel. Leviticus 25:40 'He shall be with you as a hired man, as if he were a sojourner; he shall serve with you until the year of jubilee. Leviticus 25:50 'He then with his purchaser shall calculate from the year when he sold himself to him up to the year of jubilee; and the price of his sale shall correspond to the number of years. It is like the days of a hired man that he shall be with him. Leviticus 25:52 and if few years remain until the year of jubilee, he shall so calculate with him. In proportion to his years he is to refund the amount for his redemption. Leviticus 25:54 'Even if he is not redeemed by these means, he shall still go out in the year of jubilee, he and his sons with him. Leviticus 27:17 'If he consecrates his field as of the year of jubilee, according to your valuation it shall stand. Leviticus 27:18 'If he consecrates his field after the jubilee, however, then the priest shall calculate the price for him proportionate to the years that are left until the year of jubilee; and it shall be deducted from your valuation. Leviticus 27:21 and when it reverts in the jubilee, the field shall be holy to the LORD, like a field set apart; it shall be for the priest as his property. Leviticus 27:23 then the priest shall calculate for him the amount of your valuation up to the year of jubilee; and he shall on that day give your valuation as holy to the LORD. Leviticus 27:24 'In the year of jubilee the field shall return to the one from whom he bought it, to whom the possession of the land belongs. Numbers 36:4 "When the jubilee of the sons of Israel comes, then their inheritance will be added to the inheritance of the tribe to which they belong; so their inheritance will be withdrawn from the inheritance of the tribe of our fathers." Joshua 6:4 "Also seven priests shall carry seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark; then on the seventh day you shall march around the city seven times, and the priests shall blow the trumpets. Joshua 6:5 "It shall be that when they make a long blast with the ram's horn, and when you hear the sound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout with a great shout; and the wall of the city will fall down flat, and the people will go up every man straight ahead." Joshua 6:6 So Joshua the son of Nun called the priests and said to them, "Take up the ark of the covenant, and let seven priests carry seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark of the LORD." Joshua 6:8 And it was so, that when Joshua had spoken to the people, the seven priests carrying the seven trumpets of rams' horns before the LORD went forward and blew the trumpets; and the ark of the covenant of the LORD followed them. Joshua 6:13 The seven priests carrying the seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark of the LORD went on continually, and blew the trumpets; and the armed men went before them and the rear guard came after the ark of the LORD, while they continued to blow the trumpets. Holman Bible Dictionary on the Year of Jubilee - The fiftieth year after seven cycles of seven years (Leviticus 25:10 ) in which Israel's land and people gained freedom. It was begun with a blast from a ram's horn on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 25:9 ). During this year of joy and liberation, the law stipulated three respects in which the land and people were to be sanctified: (1) It was to be a time of rest for the soil as well as people (Leviticus 25:11 ). The unattended growth of the field was for the poor to glean and for the beasts of the field (Exodus 23:11 ). (2) All land was to revert back to the original owner (Leviticus 25:10-34 ; Leviticus 27:16-24 ). The original distribution of land was to remain intact. All property which the original owner had been obligated to sell (and had not yet been redeemed) was to revert (without payment) to the original owner or his lawful heirs. Some exceptions to this pattern are noted in Leviticus 25:29-30 ;Leviticus 27:17-21 . (3) Every Israelite who had sold himself—either to his fellow countryman or to a foreigner settled in the land—because of poverty and remained unredeemed was to be freed along with his children (Leviticus 25:39-46 ). The Year of Jubilee prevented the Israelites from oppression of one another (Leviticus 25:17 ). It had a leveling effect of Israel's culture by giving everyone a chance for a new start. It discouraged excessive, permanent accumulations of wealth and the depravation of an Israelite of his inheritance in the land. Families and tribes were preserved by the return of freed bondservants to their own families. Permanent slavery in Israel was rendered impossible. This year was a constant reminder of God's interest in economic freedom (Ezekiel 46:17 ). Purchase of property was actually tantamount to assuming a lease for a maximum of forty-nine years, and the seller always retained the right to cancel the purchase by settling with the buyer on the amount of money that was still payable, taking into account the number of years that the buyer had made use of the property. If the seller was either incapable or not desirous of making use of this right of redemption, the property nevertheless returned to his possession automatically in the next Year of Jubilee. So the sale of a house, for example, was equivalent to renting it for a specified period of time (Leviticus 25:29-34 ). This made it difficult to accumulate vast permanent holdings of wealth (compare Isaiah 5:8 ; Micah 2:2 ). God's designed arrangement was against both large estates and pauperism. The Israelites were repeatedly given the opportunity to begin anew, and the impoverished were enabled to maintain themselves in society. This year also reflected God's provision for the soil's conservation (Leviticus 25:11-12 ,Leviticus 25:11-12,25:18-21 ). During the Year of Jubilee, the Israelites were once again taught that they were to live in faith that the Lord would satisfy their needs (compare Exodus 16:17-18 ).(Source)' Other Resources on the Year of Jubilee: 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica Jubilee Year International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Jubilee Year The Jewish Encyclopedia Sabbatical Year and Jubilee American Tract Society • Jubilee Bridgeway Bible Dictionary • Jubilee Charles Buck Dictionary • Jubilee Chabad Knowledge Base • Jubilee Easton's Bible Dictionary • Jubilee Fausset Bible Dictionary • Jubilee Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible • Jubilee Morrish Bible Dictionary • Jubilee Hawker's Poor Man's Dictionary • Jubilee People's Dictionary of the Bible • Jubilee Smith Bible Dictionary • Year of Jubilee Webster Dictionary • Jubilee • Jubilee Watson's Theological Dictionary • Jubilee Devotional - Today in the Word - Leviticus 25:8-55 Consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim liberty throughout all the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you. - Leviticus 25:10 TODAY IN THE WORD An old Wesleyan hymn celebrates the Year of Jubilee from a New Testament perspective: “Blow ye the trumpet, blow, The gladly solemn sound, Let all the nations know, To earth’s remotest bound; The Year of Jubilee is come! Return, ye ransomed sinners, home. Jesus, our great High Priest, Hath full atonement made: Ye weary spirits, rest, Ye mournful souls, be glad; The Year of Jubilee is come! Return, ye ransomed sinners, home . . . Ye slaves of sin and hell, Your liberty receive, And safe in Jesus dwell, And blest in Jesus live; The Year of Jubilee is come! Return, ye ransomed sinners, home.” The Year of Jubilee is the close and climax of this section of Leviticus. Jubilee literally means “trumpet” or “ram’s horn,” which was blown to proclaim the start of this special season, observed every fiftieth year (that is, after seven sevens of years). This time had several economic implications. Land could not be worked and was returned to its original owner. Valuations of real estate and labor were actually based on how many years remained until the Jubilee. This reminded the people that they were merely tenants–God was the true owner (Leviticus 25:23). It also kept land and wealth from becoming over–concentrated in the hands of a few people, and it provided debt relief for the poor. Spiritually, the Year of Jubilee involved the same faith and obedience that we’ve seen mandated elsewhere in Leviticus. To obey in this area and give up material gains required faith and humility, but God promised to bless those who followed His command (Leviticus 25:18, 19). In addition, consecration and freedom are interestingly linked in our verse for today, which is also quoted on the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia. TODAY ALONG THE WAY For a musical complement to this month’s study, consider listening to the first album of Michael Card’s trilogy on the Old Testament, The Ancient Faith, and especially the song, “Jubilee.” On that album, Card explores the Pentateuch, and in the song, “Jubilee,” he draws parallels between the Year of Jubilee and our freedom in Christ. Warren
Levítico 25
Spurgeon - YOU remember, when Christ died, the veil of the temple was rent in twain. There was not a little slit for little sinners to creep through, but it was rent in twain from the top to the bottom, so that big sinners might come, just in the same way as when Samson pulled up gates, posts, bar, and all, there was a clear way out into the country for all who were locked up in the town. Prisoner, the prison doors are open. Captive, loose the bonds on thy neck; be free! I sound the trump of jubilee. Bond-slaves, Christ hath redeemed you. O’ER the gloomy hills of darkness, Look, my soul, be still and gaze; All the promises do travail With a glorious day of grace: Blessèd jubilee, Let thy glorious morning dawn! Leviticus 25:14 'If you make a sale, moreover, to your friend or buy from your friend's hand, you shall not wrong one another. Lev 25:17 19:13 De 16:19,20 Jud 4:3 1Sa 12:3,4 2Ch 16:10 Ne 9:36,37 Job 20:19,20 Ps 10:18 Pr 14:31 21:13 22:16 28:3,8,16 Ec 5:8 Isa 1:17 3:12-15 5:7 33:15 58:6 Jer 22:17 Eze 22:7,12,13 Am 5:11,12 8:4-7 Mic 2:2,3 6:10-12 7:3 Lu 3:14 1Co 6:8 Jas 5:1-5 NLT - "When you make an agreement with a neighbor to buy or sell property, you must never take advantage of each other. This principle is echoed throughout the Pentateuch... Deuteronomy 16:19; 20 “You shall not distort justice; you shall not be partial, and you shall not take a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous. Justice, [and only] justice, you shall pursue, that you may live and possess the land which the LORD your God is giving you. Leviticus 25:15 'Corresponding to the number of years after the jubilee, you shall buy from your friend; he is to sell to you according to the number of years of crops. Lev 27:18-23 Php 4:5 NLT When you buy land from your neighbor, the price of the land should be based on the number of years since the last jubilee. The Jubilee and the Land Leviticus 25:15–28. NET NOTE - The purchaser is actually buying only the crops that the land will produce until the next jubilee, since the land will revert to the original owner at that time. The purchaser, therefore, is not actually buying the land itself. Leviticus 25:16 'In proportion to the extent of the years you shall increase its price, and in proportion to the fewness of the years you shall diminish its price, for it is a number of crops he is selling to you. NLT The more the years, the higher the price; the fewer the years, the lower the price. After all, the person selling the land is actually selling you a certain number of harvests. Leviticus 25:17 'So you shall not wrong one another, but you shall fear your God; for I am the LORD your God. shall not: Lev 25:14 fear: Lev 25:43 19:14,32 Ge 20:11 22:12 39:9 42:18 Ex 20:20 De 25:18 1Sa 12:24 2Ch 19:7 Ne 5:9,15 Ps 19:9 Pr 1:7 Jer 22:16 Mal 3:5 Lu 12:5 Ac 9:31 10:2,35 Ro 3:18 11:20 NLT Show your fear of God by not taking advantage of each other. I, the LORD, am your God. So you shall not wrong one another, but you shall fear your God; for I am the LORD your God - Fear of God motivates right treatment of His creation and our fellow creatures! James Smith - Handfuls of Purpose - Brotherly love. "Ye shall not oppress one another, but fear the Lord thy God " (Lev 25:17). By this shall all men know that ye are My disciples if ye have love one to another. We must love unworthy ones as we unworthy ones have been loved, and forgive as we have been forgiven. The forgiven servant who took his fellow-worker by the throat was evidently courageous enough to deal with him face to face, but he was utterly destitute of the grace and compassion of his master (Matt. 18:28). Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. Freely ye have received, freely give. Be ye imitators of God as dear children (Eph. 5:1). C H Spurgeon - The Jews could overreach each other by selling the lease of their lands for forty-nine years, whereas the seven seventh years were not “years of the fruits” but Sabbatic years, and therefore the Lord enacts that the sabbatic years shall not count in the estimate. In our buying and selling let us be scrupulously just, lest we provoke the Lord. Leviticus 25:18 'You shall thus observe My statutes and keep My judgments, so as to carry them out, that you may live securely on the land. Wherefore (KJV): Lev 19:37 Ps 103:18 and ye (KJV): Lev 26:3-12 Dt 12:10 28:1-14 33:12,28 Ps 4:8 Pr 1:33 Jer 7:3-7 Jer 23:6 25:5 33:16 Eze 33:24-26,29 34:25-28 36:24-28 Related Passages: Lev 18:4-5 — You shall do My ordinances and keep My statutes and walk in them. I am the Lord your God. 5 You shall therefore keep My statutes and My ordinances which, if a man does, he shall live by them. I am the Lord. Lev 18:26 — So you shall keep My statutes and My ordinances and shall not commit any of these abominations, neither the native-born nor any stranger who sojourns among you, Lev 19:37 — You shall observe all My statutes and ordinances and do them. I am the Lord. Lev 20:8 — And you shall keep My statutes and do them. I am the Lord Who sanctifies you. Lev 20:22 — You shall therefore keep all My statutes and all My ordinances and do them, that the land where I am bringing you to dwell may not vomit you out [as it did those before you]. Lev 26:3-5 — If you walk in My statutes and keep My commandments and do them, 4 I will give you rain in due season, and the land shall yield her increase and the trees of the field yield their fruit. 5 And your threshing [time] shall reach to the vintage and the vintage [time] shall reach to the sowing time, and you shall eat your bread to the full and dwell in your land securely. NLT "If you want to live securely in the land, keep my laws and obey my regulations. HEED THE WORD AND BE BLESSED Observe My statutes and keep My judgments - The idea of observe is to do them or carry them out. In other words don't just be hearers of His Word but doers (a timeless principle - James 1:22-note). Observe with care or pay close attention to. Conform your actions or practice to God's statutes. The more we "observe" the Word, the better we will understand the Word (cp John 7:17). The idea of keep (shamar- guard, keep watch over) is more along the line of to watch over the judgments, to preserve them, to guard them and the Septuagint (Lxx) translates shamar with the Greek "military verb" phulasso meaning to guard, protect, watch over, and in essence carry out the duties of a military sentinel (so to speak). This implies not so much that God's Words can be stolen as that they be can be watered down, perverted, misinterpreted, etc (cp liberal theologians, so-called "higher criticism," emphasis on symbolic interpretation over literal interpretation, etc). They needed to protect the integrity of the judgments of the Lord which are true and are righteous altogether (Ps 19:9). Believers have the same need today to be doers of and watchers over the Word. To carry them out - This is the same Hebrew verb (asah) as used for observe. Again the emphasis is not on hearing but on heeding. To obey is always better than sacrifice. It is easy to read, but more difficult to heed! In short, doing the Word is tantamount to obedience which is always God's gateway to His blessing, in this case the blessing of security on the land. This same principle applies to us today. If we think we can disobey willfully and expect to be blessed with the security and protection of God, we are naive, deceived and greatly mistaken! Securely (security) (0983)(betach from batach = to trust) means security, confidence (belief that one is safe and secure - Isa 32:17, Job 24:23, Mic 2:8). In its first occurrence betach emphasizes the status of a city which was certain of not being attacked (Ge 34:25). All three uses in Psalms speak of God enabling us to dwell securely (Ps. 4:8; 16:9; 78:53) Betach is frequently coupled with yashab (to dwell) conveying the idea to dwell in safety. See Lev 25:18, 19, 26:5, Dt 12:10, Jdg 18:7, 1Sa 12:11, 1Ki 4:25, Ps 4:8, Pr 3:29, Isa 47:8, Jer 32:37, Jer 49:31, Ezek 28:26, Ezek 34:25, Ezek 34:28, Ezek 38:8, Ezek 38:11, Ezek 38:14, Ezek 39:6, 39:26 Zep 2:15 Zec 14:11 Stephen Bramer - The idea of living securely or safely in the land involves the use of this noun in an adverbial construction. It is commonly used with the verb ysb ("dwell") as it is here. Security was promised to those who were rightly related and in fellowship with the LORD (here; Ps. 16:9). This security was part of the national promise that Jeremiah reiterated for the future (Jer. 23:6). It is also used in other places to contrast the futility of trusting in anyone or anything besides the LORD (e.g., Judg. 18:7; Isa. 47:8; Ezek. 30:9). (Bible Knowledge Key Word Study) Leviticus 25:19 'Then the land will yield its produce, so that you can eat your fill and live securely on it. NLT Then the land will yield bumper crops, and you will eat your fill and live securely in it. Lev 26:5 Ps 67:6 85:12 Isa 30:23 65:21,22 Eze 34:25-28 36:30 Joe 2:24,26 Related Passages: Deut 30:19-30+ "I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. So choose life in order that you may live, you and your descendants, by loving the LORD your God, by obeying His voice, and by holding fast to Him; for this is your life and the length of your days, that you may live in the land which the LORD swore to your fathers, to Abraham,Isaac, and Jacob, to give them." MORE BLESSINGS OF OBEDIENCE Then the land will yield its produce, so that you can eat your fill and live securely on it As discussed in Lev 25:18, obedience brings blessing. In the previous passage God promised protection on the land and here He promises produce from the land. Notice also that again He uses the Hebrew word betach which places emphasis on obedience and security. Israel failed to grasp and/or truly believe this principle and repeatedly failed to keep the Sabbaths for the land. And guess what happened. They sowed seeds of disobedience and reaped the bitter fruit of being torn from the land by the Assyrians in 722BC and the Babylonians in 586BC. Even in these two passages (Lev 25:18, 19) God had set before them life and blessing but they rebelled and reaped death and cursing. Our flesh is foul and flies from God and to the lusts of the world. Israel's disobedience was a picture of my flesh and your flesh dear reader. Enabled by the Spirit of God we need to observe and keep God's Word if we desire to "live securely in the land" (so to speak)! Are you experiencing the disciplining hand of the Lord? Are you surprised? Or do you see that your sowing to the flesh reaped only corruption and not true life as God meant for you to experience? James Smith - Handfuls of Purpose - Plenty. "Ye shall eat your fill, and dwell in safety" (Lev 25:19). What a Gospel! Made safe in the place of plenty. Lying down in green pastures. The unsearchable riches of Christ is our holy land of promise. Into this fulness By His grace, we who believe have been brought. All are-yours, for ye are Christ's, and Christ is God's. Be careful for nothing. Take the water of life freely. Leviticus 25:20 'But if you say, "What are we going to eat on the seventh year if we do not sow or gather in our crops?" NLT But you might ask, 'What will we eat during the seventh year, since we are not allowed to plant or harvest crops that year?' Nu 11:4,13 2Ki 6:15-17 7:2 2Ch 25:9 Ps 78:19,20 Isa 1:2 Mt 6:25-34 8:26 Lu 12:29 Php 4:6 Heb 13:5,6 But if you say, "What are we going to eat on the seventh year if we do not sow or gather in our crops? - This is a natural question which leads to a supernatural answer. Leviticus 25:21 then I will so order My blessing for you in the sixth year that it will bring forth the crop for three years. I will (KJV): As it is here graciously promised, that the sixth year was to bring forth fruits for three years, not merely for two, it is evident that both the sabbatical year and the year of jubilee were distinctly provided for. They were not to sow from the sixth to the eighth year, omitting two seed times; nor reap from the sixth to the ninth, omitting two harvests. No legislator, unless conscious of being divinely commissioned, would have committed himself by enacting such a law as this; nor would any people have submitted to receive it, except in consequence of the fullest conviction that a divine authority had dictated it. It therefore stands as a proof that Moses acted by the express direction of the Almighty, and that the people were fully persuaded of the reality of his divine mission by the miracles he wrought. Ge 26:12 41:47 Ex 16:29 De 28:3,8 Ps 133:3 Pr 10:22 2Co 9:10 three years (KJV): Lev 25:4,8-11 NLT The answer is, 'I will order my blessing for you in the sixth year, so the land will produce a bumper crop, enough to support you for three years. GOD'S BOUNTIFUL BLESSING then I will so order My blessing for you in the sixth year that it will bring forth the crop for three years. While this verse answers the specific question Lev 25:20, God's blessing is still contingent upon Israel's obedience described in Lev 25:18,19.
Levítico 25
Spurgeon - Blessed be God, we have a near “kinsman” who has redeemed our lost inheritance for us. (Lev 25:28) Our lost possession is now restored to us, and we have obtained even more than Adam forfeited. Criswell summarizes the four responsibilities of the Kinsman-Redeemer (1) if a kinsman was forced to sell his property, he was to redeem it (Lev 25:25); (2) if a kinsman became a slave, he was to redeem him or her (Lev 25:47-49); (3) if a kinsman died without an heir, he was to redeem his name by marrying the widow and rearing a son (Dt. 25:5-10; cf. Matt. 22:24; Mark 12:19; Luke 20:28); (4) if a kinsman was slain, it was his sacred duty to act as the avenger of blood (Nu 35:9-28). The common denominator of all four circumstances is simply that the kinsman-redeemer did for his relative what that relative could not do for himself. It is also significant that, in the Scriptures, the kinsman-redeemer serves as a type of Christ (cf. Job 19:25; Isa. 41:14; 59:20; 1 John 2:1). (Believer's Study Bible) Nearest (07138)(qarob from qarab = to come near, to approach) is an adjective meaning near, close by, closely related. Qarob refers to nearness in time or space: something is about to happen, is near at hand, e.g., judgment, calamity (Dt. 32:35) or something that is not near at hand, referring to its prophetic fulfillment as in Balaam's prophecy "I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not near; A star shall come forth from Jacob." (Nu 24:17) Solomon writes that "with the mouth of the foolish, ruin is at hand." (Pr 10:14) The first use of qarob is in Ge 19:20 which describes the "town is near enough to flee to" from the coming destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Joseph told his brothers "you shall live in the land of Goshen, and you shall be near me." (Ge 45:10) Solomon uses qarob figuratively to exhorts his readers to "draw near to listen rather than to offer the sacrifice of fools." (Eccl 5:1) Qarob as here in Ruth 4 refers to a relationship, a relative (Ex 32:27; Nu 27:11; 2Sa 19:42) and a relationship to God (Lev. 10:3; 1Ki 8:46, 59; Ps 119:151). Qarob refers to one who is near (literally near, not in comparison with other relatives, but with men in general) whereas closest relatives is one of the key words of this book, the Hebrew word ga'al which is used 20 times in the 85 verses in Ruth. The total number of Old Testament uses of ga'al is 98 and Ruth has about 20% of the all the uses in Scripture. Qarob - 76x in 71x - about(1), close(2), close relative(1), closer(1), draws near(1), hand(1), kinsmen(1), lately(1), near(47), nearby(1), nearest(6), neighbors(2), ones near(1), related(1), relative(1), relatives(1), short(1), shortly(1), soon(2), who are near(2), who is near(1). Gen. 19:20; Gen. 45:10; Exod. 12:4; Exod. 13:17; Lev. 10:3; Lev. 21:2; Lev. 21:3; Lev. 25:25; Num. 24:17; Num. 27:11; Deut. 4:7; Deut. 13:7; Deut. 21:3; Deut. 21:6; Deut. 22:2; Deut. 30:14; Deut. 32:17; Deut. 32:35; Jos. 9:16; Ruth 2:20; Ruth 3:12; 2 Sam. 19:42; 1 Ki. 8:46; 1 Ki. 8:59; 1 Ki. 21:2; 1 Chr. 12:40; 2 Chr. 6:36; Neh. 13:4; Est. 1:14; Est. 9:20; Job 17:12; Job 19:14; Job 20:5; Ps. 22:11; Ps. 34:18; Ps. 38:11; Ps. 75:1; Ps. 85:9; Ps. 119:151; Ps. 145:18; Ps. 148:14; Prov. 10:14; Prov. 27:10; Eccl. 5:1; Isa. 13:6; Isa. 13:22; Isa. 33:13; Isa. 50:8; Isa. 51:5; Isa. 55:6; Isa. 56:1; Isa. 57:19; Jer. 12:2; Jer. 23:23; Jer. 25:26; Jer. 48:16; Jer. 48:24; Ezek. 6:12; Ezek. 7:7; Ezek. 7:8; Ezek. 11:3; Ezek. 22:5; Ezek. 23:5; Ezek. 23:12; Ezek. 30:3; Ezek. 42:13; Ezek. 43:19; Dan. 9:7; Joel 1:15; Joel 2:1; Joel 3:14; Obad. 1:15; Zeph. 1:7; Zeph. 1:14 Kinsman (Redeemer) (01350) goel/ga'al - Goel (01350) is the active participle of the verb gaal and conveys a primary sense of “restored to an original state”. A Goel therefore was one who not only delivered but who effected restoration to an original state. The Goel is to do the part of a kinsman and thus to redeem their kin from difficulty or danger by the payment of a price. Goel, the active participial form of gaal has practically become a noun in its own right. Thus goel is translated as noun with the words as redeemer, kinsman or avenger. Don't be confused if you are looking up the Strong's numbers because Strong did not assign a separate number to the root verb gaal (01350) and the active participle goel (01350), although for reasons unclear to me, he did assign a separate number (01353) for geullah which is the passive participle of gaal. Ga'al: (01350) is the root verb form. The active participle = Go'el and is usually translated kinsman, redeemer or avenger. The passive participle = Geullah, (see below) F B