2 Crônicas 10
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Crônicas 10
Guzik: Rehoboam was the only son of Solomon that we know by name. Solomon had 1000 wives and concubines, yet we read of one son he had to bear up his name, and he was a fool. This demonstrates that sin is a bad way of building up a family. . . Shechem was also the geographical center of the northern tribes. All in all, it showed that Rehoboam was in a position of weakness, having to meet the ten northern tribes on their territory, instead of demanding that representatives come to Jerusalem. Warren
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Guzik - Jeroboam was mentioned previously in 1 Kings 11:26-40. God told him through a prophet that he would rule over a portion of a divided Israel. Naturally, Jeroboam was interested in Solomon’s successor. He was specifically part of the group of elders that addressed Rehoboam. Ron Daniel - Jeroboam- There were political storms brewing behind the scenes. Taking advantage of the situation was a man named Jeroboam. The Chronicler has only briefly mentioned Jeroboam in his book (1Chron. 5:17), clearly making the assumption that you know who this guy is. But since most of us aren't as familiar with him as the Chronicler's audience, let's refresh our memory. 1 Kings 11 tells us the story of Jeroboam, the son of a widow woman from the tribe of Ephraim. He had rebelled against King Solomon because of the building projects that Solomon was undertaking. Why? 1 Kings 11:28 Now the man Jeroboam was a valiant warrior, and when Solomon saw that the young man was industrious, he appointed him over all the forced labor of the house of Joseph. The house of Joseph consisted of Manasseh and Ephraim, Jeroboam's own people. While Solomon had not enslaved these Israelites (2Chr. 8:9), they were being forced to work. Apparently, Jeroboam opposed this policy vehemently. When word got around that the prophet Ahijah had said that ten tribes of Israel would be given into Jeroboam's hand as king of Israel, 1 Kings 11:40 Solomon sought therefore to put Jeroboam to death; but Jeroboam arose and fled to Egypt to Shishak king of Egypt, and he was in Egypt until the death of Solomon. Jeroboam was still living in Egypt when he heard the news of Solomon's death. He decided it was time to return to Israel. When the Israelites heard that he had returned, it seems that they thought he would be a good spokesman for their cause, and sent for him. ISBE on Shechem - In the time of the kings we find that the city was once more a gathering-place of the nation. It was evidently the center, especially for the northern tribes; and hither Rehoboam came in the hope of getting his succession to the throne confirmed (1 Ki 12:1; 2 Ch 10:1). At the disruption Jeroboam fortified the city and made it his residence (2 Ch 10:25; Ant, VIII, viii, 4). The capital of the Northern Kingdom was moved, however, first to Tirzah and then to Samaria, and Shechem declined in political importance. Indeed it is not named again in the history of the monarchy. Apparently there were Israelites in it after the captivity, some of whom on their way to the house of the Lord at Jerusalem met a tragic fate at the hands of Ishmael ben Nethaniah (Jer 41:5 ff). It became the central city of the Samaritans, whose shrine was built on Mt. Gerizim (Sirach 50:26; Ant, XI, viii, 6; XII, i, 1; XIII, iii, 4). Shechem was captured by John Hyrcanus in 132 BC (Ant., XIII, ix, 1; BJ, I, ii, 6). It appears in the New Testament only in the speech of Stephen (Acts 7:16, King James Version "Sychem"). Some (e.g. Smith, DB, under the word) would identify it with Sychar of Jn 4:5; but see SYCHAR. Under the Romans it became Flavia Neapolis. In later times it was the seat of a bishopric; the names of five occupants of the see are known. QUESTION - What is the story of Rehoboam and Jeroboam? ANSWER - Rehoboam and Jeroboam were both kings reigning in Israel’s divided kingdom. Rehoboam was one of Solomon’s sons and king of Judah in the south (1 Kings 11:43). Jeroboam was one of Solomon’s former officials, an Ephraimite, and king of Israel in the north (1 Kings 11:26). While Solomon was still alive and Jeroboam was working for him, a prophet named Ahijah told Jeroboam that God would take ten of the twelve tribes of Israel away from Solomon’s son Rehoboam and give them to Jeroboam (1 Kings 11:29–31). This judgment against Solomon’s house came because they had forsaken God and worshiped idols (verse 33). Along with the announcement that Jeroboam would be king, God gave him a conditional promise: “If you do whatever I command you and walk in obedience to me and do what is right in my eyes by obeying my decrees and commands, as David my servant did, I will be with you. I will build you a dynasty as enduring as the one I built for David and will give Israel to you” (verse 38). When Solomon heard that God had chosen Jeroboam to rule, the king tried to kill Jeroboam, who fled to Egypt (verse 40). After Solomon died, his son Rehoboam became king, and Jeroboam returned from Egypt (1 Kings 12:1–2). But Rehoboam was a vain and foolish man. Jeroboam, a “mighty man of valor,” warned Rehoboam not to make the same mistake his father had made by taxing them heavily to finance a luxurious lifestyle (verses 3–4). Rehoboam defied the advice to lighten the yoke of oppression: “My father laid on you a heavy yoke; I will make it even heavier. My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions!” (1 Kings 12:14). The people responded to Rehoboam’s harshness by rebelling against the new king and making Jeroboam king over Israel (1 Kings 12:16–20). Only the tribes of Judah and Benjamin followed Rehoboam, son of Solomon. The other ten tribes sided with Jeroboam. King Rehoboam gathered 180,000 warriors in an attempt to take back the ten tribes, but God prevented it, saying, “This is my doing” (1 Kings 12:24). So King Rehoboam returned to Jerusalem, the capital of Judah. Jeroboam reigned from Shechem and later from Tirzah in Israel. Once established in the northern kingdom, King Jeroboam feared that, if the people traveled to the temple in Jerusalem to worship, they would return to Rehoboam. So he set up centers of worship in Bethel and Dan, building golden calves and telling the people, “It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem. Here are your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt” (1 Kings 12:28). Jeroboam made shrines on the high places, installed priests who were not of the tribe of Levi, appointed a festival, and sacrificed at the altars (1 Kings 12:31–33). In spite of God’s offer to establish his dynasty in Israel, Jeroboam chose idolatry, and the prophet Ahijah told Jeroboam that his family would not endure (1 Kings 14). As Jeroboam was turning people away from God in the northern kingdom, Rehoboam was turning people away from God in the southern kingdom. Rehoboam reigned in Jerusalem for seventeen years, but “he did evil because he had not set his heart on seeking the Lord” (2 Chronicles 12:14). After Rehoboam there were good kings and bad kings over Judah. Every other generation or so, a great king stepped forward and turned the people back to the true God. That never happened among the kings of the northern kingdom. They all followed the mold of Jeroboam. Jeroboam reigned over the ten tribes of Israel for twenty-two years and was succeeded by his son Nadab. But then Nadab was murdered after two years on the throne, and the assassin killed all of Jeroboam’s family, fulfilling Ahijah’s prophecy (1 Kings 15:25–30). All subsequent monarchs of the kingdom of Israel followed Jeroboam’s lead. Not one of them was faithful to Israel’s God. The schism that occurred during the days of Rehoboam and Jeroboam was the end of a united Israel. This division continued during their reigns: “There was continual warfare between Rehoboam and Jeroboam” (2 Chronicles 12:15) and for centuries afterward.GotQuestions.org QUESTION - Who was King Jeroboam in the Bible? ANSWER - Jeroboam was from the tribe of Ephraim, a servant of King Solomon’s, and the son of a widow. He later became the first king of the divided northern kingdom of Israel. He is first mentioned in 1 Kings 11:26: “Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephraimite of Zeredah, a servant of Solomon, whose mother’s name was Zeruah, a widow, also lifted up his hand against the king.” Jeroboam was a skilled worker, and, “when Solomon saw how well the young man did his work,” he placed Jeroboam over the labor force of the tribes of Joseph (1 Kings 11:28). One day, the prophet Ahijah approached Jeroboam with a prophecy. The prophet tore a new cloak into 12 pieces and said, “Take ten pieces for yourself, for this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘See, I am going to tear the kingdom out of Solomon’s hand and give you ten tribes’” (1 Kings 11:31). The idol worship of the Israelites caused God to divide the kingdom (verse 33). The house of David would retain a remnant of the kingdom, including Jerusalem, because of God’s covenant with David (verse 32). After this, “Solomon tried to kill Jeroboam, but Jeroboam fled to Egypt . . . and stayed there until Solomon’s death” (1 Kings 11:40). Following Solomon’s death, Solomon’s son Rehoboam became king and foolishly threatened to make life more difficult for the people of the land (1 Kings 12:14). This led to a rebellion against Rehoboam, and the ten northern tribes crowned Jeroboam as their king (1 Kings 12:20). The division predicted by Ahijah came to pass (1 Kings 12:15). Jeroboam had been promised great blessings and a continuing dynasty if he would follow the Lord (1 Kings 11:38). However, Jeroboam did not obey the Lord. Instead, he had two golden calves made for the people to worship in the northern kingdom and made priests and celebrations for them. This idolatry is often referred to as “the sins of Jeroboam” in later chapters of 1 and 2 Kings. King Jeroboam was confronted by an unnamed prophet from Judah (1 Kings 13:1–10). Later, the prophet Ahijah pronounced a severe judgment on Jeroboam and his family because of Jeroboam’s blatant rejection of the Lord: “I am going to bring disaster on the house of Jeroboam. I will cut off from Jeroboam every last male in Israel—slave or free. I will burn up the house of Jeroboam as one burns dung, until it is all gone. Dogs will eat those belonging to Jeroboam who die in the city, and the birds will feed on those who die in the country. The Lord has spoken!” (1 Kings 14:10–11). In total, Jeroboam reigned over the northern kingdom of Israel for 22 years, and then “he slept with his fathers, and Nadab his son reigned in his place.” Nadab reigned over Israel for Israel two years, continuing his father’s idolatry. Then Baasha plotted against Nadab, assassinated him in Philistine territory, and usurped the throne (1 Kings 15:27–28). “As soon as [Baasha] began to reign, he killed Jeroboam’s whole family. He did not leave Jeroboam anyone that breathed, but destroyed them all, according to the word of the Lord given through his servant Ahijah the Shilonite.” The dire prophecy against the house of Jeroboam came true. Though Jeroboam began well, he did not end well. God raised him up as a king, yet as king he plunged the entire nation into sin. His life offers an example of the powerful influence a person can have over others in a negative way. His judgment shows the truth of Galatians 6:7, “Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows.” A little over a century after Jeroboam’s death, another king named Jeroboam ruled over Israel. King Jeroboam II came to power in 793 BC. He also did evil in the eyes of the Lord (2 Kings 14:24). However, the Lord granted Jeroboam II military victories against the Syrians and used Jeroboam II to preserve His people (2 Kings 14:27–28). GotQuestions.org Related Resources: What was the sin of Jeroboam? | GotQuestions.org Why was Israel divided into the Southern Kingdom and Northern Kingdom? | GotQuestions.org 2 Chronicles 10:3 So they sent and summoned him. When Jeroboam and all Israel came, they spoke to Rehoboam, saying, they sent: 1Ki 12:3 Related Passages: 1 Kings 12:3 Then they sent and called him, and Jeroboam and all the assembly of Israel came and spoke to Rehoboam, saying, So they sent and summoned him. When Jeroboam and all Israel came, they spoke to Rehoboam, saying - see commentary on 1Ki 12:3. John Mayer: Because Jeroboam was a man of great note among the people—having been made a prince over them by Solomon in the past—the people sent for him as the most capable man to speak on their behalf to Rehoboam concerning their grievance. For he made it clear that he and the people would revolt if no redress of errors was promised, and that he would be set up as the king of the people. And it is to be assumed that the people had heard of the prophecy given to Jeroboam by Ahijah, who was of the same tribe. That is, the people were aware of God’s purpose in advancing Jeroboam, which is why the people sought his help above others. And that’s how Jeroboam came to be the spokesman for the people. (See 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chronicles: Old Testament Volume 5) Peter Wallace: Notice that Jeroboam is placed at the head of the petitioners in verse 3 and again in verse 12. This is a very defiant move on the part of the people. They have called the one person whom Rehoboam most hates as their spokesman. And they are saying to the crown prince, “Lighten our yoke or else we will not serve you.” This is plainly not a group of people who believe in the Divine Right of Kings. You may be the son of David, but remember that we didn’t always follow David! What makes you think that we will follow you! Give us the wrong answer – and we’ll follow Jeroboam! 2 Chronicles 10:4 “Your father made our yoke hard; now therefore lighten the hard service of your father and his heavy yoke which he put on us, and we will serve you.” father: 1Sa 8:11-18 1Ki 12:4 Isa 47:6 Mt 11:29,30 Mt 23:4 1Jn 5:3 heavy yoke: Ex 1:13,14 Ex 2:23 1Ki 4:20,25 1Ki 9:22 SOLOMON'S UNWISE HANDLING OF WORKERS Your father made our yoke ('ol) hard (qashah); now therefore (term of conclusion - in view of the heavy yoke) lighten the hard service of your father and his heavy (kabed) yoke ('ol) which he put on us, and we will serve (abad) you - This is exactly what Samuel had warned Israel about when they wanted a king (1Sa 8:10-19+), but they did not listen and now over a century later the "chickens would come home to roost!" David Guzik makes an excellent point - Sadly, the elders of Israel made no spiritual demand or request on Rehoboam. Seemingly, the gross idolatry and apostasy of Solomon didn’t bother them at all. Ron Daniel - 10:3-5 Lighten Our Load - As magnificent as Solomon's reign was regarding wealth and buildings, these wonders had come at a costly price on the people. There was too much forced labor, heavy taxation, and unrelenting pressure put on the people. Solomon had been wise, but he hadn't been gentle or caring about his citizens. They had put up with enough. They hoped that Rehoboam's reign would bring about a change in public policy. Rehoboam told them that he would give his answer to their request in three days' time. Raymond Dillard: The issues were heavy taxation and forced labor, and the delegates from the Northern tribes were negotiating reductions as a condition of recognizing Rehoboam’s sovereignty. . . Both Kings and Chronicles avow that forced labor was not imposed on the Israelites by Solomon (2:17–18; 8:7–10; 1 Kgs 9:15, 20–22), yet both record what appear to be instances of the practice. The hatred of the corvée (10:4) and the dispatch of Hadoram (10:18) both presume its application to Israelites. The practice continued under subsequent kings and was denounced (1 Kgs 15:22 // 2 Chr 16:6; Jer 22:13–14) (2 Chronicles, Volume 15 - Page 86) Andrew Hill: God had built the release of debt and servitude into the calendar through his law (the sabbatical and Jubilee years, cf. Lev. 25). Curiously, however, the number of years decreed for the “Sabbath rest” of the land suggests that neither of these were ever practiced by the kings of Israel or Judah (cf. 2 Chron. 36:21; i.e., the seventy years of Hebrew exile from the land of covenant promise implies that sabbatical year had not been kept for nearly five centuries—coinciding roughly with the beginning of the monarchy in Israel). (1 and 2 Chronicles - Page 116) 2 Chronicles 10:5 He said to them, “Return to me again in three days.” So the people departed. Return to me again: 1Ki 12:5 Pr 3:28 Related Passages: 1 Kings 12:5+ Then he said to them, "Depart for three days, then return to me." So the people departed. COOLING OFF PERIOD He said to them, “Return to me again in three days.” So the people departed. Rehoboam ask for 3 days to give him time to consult his advisors on how to respond to the people's request. But as the story unfolds he chooses the wrong advisors. Andrew Hill: The northern tribes demand some modification of the king’s forced labor requirements and a reduction in taxes as a condition for fealty to the Davidic monarchy. The conditional nature of the proposal from the tribal representatives indicates they are looking for more than words—they seek a diplomatic solution resulting in a pact. The three-day delay (2Chr 10:5) buys time for Rehoboam to consider his options and provides a “cooling off” period for the party bringing the grievance. (See 1 and 2 Chronicles - Page 116) Ryken - The choice that Rehoboam faced was simple: to go easy or to go hard, to stay the course, maintaining the status quo, or to give the northern tribes change they could believe in. To help him make his decision, Rehoboam summoned two sets of advisers. The advice they gave him was so completely contradictory that it clarified his choice. It also clarifies the basic choice we all have to make in all our relationships with other people, whether to serve or to be served. (The Wisdom and the Folly) 2 Chronicles 10:6 Then King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served his father Solomon while he was still alive, saying, “How do you counsel me to answer this people?” took counsel: Job 12:12,13 32:7 Pr 12:15 19:20 27:10 Jer 42:2-5,20 What counsel: 2Sa 16:20 17:5,6 Related Passages: 1 Kings 12:6+ King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served his father Solomon while he was still alive, saying, "How do you counsel me to answer this people?" REHOBOAM'S WISE MOVE Then King Rehoboam consulted with the elders who had served his father Solomon while he was still alive, saying, “How do you counsel me to answer this people From the context the elders whom King Rehoboam consulted were most likely older men who were experienced advisors who had served under King Solomon, men who had firsthand experience with Solomon’s leadership and governance. J.A. Thompson: The elders were important in Israel's earlier patriarchal and tribal society (2 Sam 3:17; 5:3; 17:4, 15; 1 Kgs 20:7–8; 1 Chr 11:3). It would have been a wise and gracious decision by Rehoboam to follow the elders' advice. (See 1, 2 Chronicles: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition) John Schultz: The first thing that strikes us in this section is the existence of a generational gap that resembles a modern day mentality in which younger people hold the older generation as unreliable and blame them for all the evils in the world. The famous expression “Don’t trust anyone over thirty!” is, evidently, an age-old phenomenon. Ron Daniel - 10:6-7 Counsel Of The Elders The first counsellors Rehoboam sought out were the ones that his father Solomon had used. They had seen the oppression of the people during Solomon's reign, and agreed that it was time to show kindness to them. If Rehoboam was known as a gentle ruler, the Jews would serve him faithfully. 2 Chronicles 10:7 They spoke to him, saying, “If you will be kind to this people and please them and speak good words to them, then they will be your servants forever.” If you will be kind 1Ki 12:7 Pr 15:1 speak good: Ge 49:21 2Sa 15:2-6 Related Passages: 1 Kings 12:7+ Then they spoke to him, saying, "If you will be a servant to this people today, and will serve them and grant them their petition, and speak good words to them, then they will be your servants forever." ELDERS WISE ADVICE They spoke to him, saying, “If you will be kind (NET - fair; ESV - good) to this people and please them and speak good words to them, then they will be your servants ('ebed; Lxx - doulos) forever - The elders had been exposed to the wisdom of Solomon and here they give his son wise advice to lighten the load and treat them amicably. They basically tell him to practice Pr 15:1 "A gentle answer turns away wrath, But a harsh word stirs up anger. " John Mayer: A Gentle Response Turns Away Wrath. The book of Proverbs says: “A fool gives vent to his spirit.” Yet in this case the people had already become exasperated with the new king. But it certainly would have aided Rehoboam to have been lenient and to have replied gently at this time. For this is a general principle among kings: By no means should they show rigor in the beginning of their reign. Rather they should seek to win the hearts of the subjects of their kingdom. (SEE 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chronicles: Old Testament Volume 5) Peter Wallace: The old men understood the situation. They knew that if Rehoboam humbles himself, the people will follow him. But the young men think that humility is a sign of weakness. They confuse servant leadership with wimpiness. Humility is not wimpiness! It takes courage and strength to be humble. 2 Chronicles 10:8 But he forsook the counsel of the elders which they had given him, and consulted with the young men who grew up with him and served him. he forsook: 2Ch 25:15,16 2Sa 17:14 Pr 1:25 9:9 19:20 25:12 Ec 10:2,3,16 Isa 30:1 the young men: It was a custom in different countries to educate with the heir to the throne, young noblemen of nearly the same age. This, as Calmet observes, answered two great and important ends: 1. It excited the prince to emulation; that he might, as far as possible, surpass in all manly exercises, and in all acts of prudence and virtue, those whom one day he was to surpass in the elevation and dignity of his station. 2. That he might acquire a correct knowledge of the disposition and views of those who were likely to be, under him, the highest officers of the state, and consequently know the better how to trust and employ them. Related Passages: 1 Kings 12:8+ But he forsook the counsel of the elders which they had given him, and consulted with the young men who grew up with him and served him. DANGER OF ADVICE "SHOPPING" But - Term of contrast. Marks a change of direction. This is one of the more strategic "buts" in the Bible for it literally changed the history of the nation of Israel! Had Rehoboam accepted the advice of the elders, presumably there would have been no division. But of course that would not fulfill the prophecy of Yahweh that the nation would be divided. Psalm 115:3+ says "But our God is in the heavens; He does whatever He pleases." I am also reminded of Pr 21:1 in which Solomon wrote "The king’s heart is like channels of water in the hand of the LORD. He turns it wherever He wishes." In the present context Yahweh seems to have turned the heart of Rehoboam. In any event Rehoboam still made a choice of his will to forsake (Lxx - kataleipo is in the active voice = volitional choice) the counsel of the elders. Once again we see the juxtaposition of God's sovereignty and man's responsibility. He forsook ('azab; Lxx - kataleipo) the counsel of the elders which they had given him, and consulted with the young men who grew up with him and served him - Forsaking the wisdom of the older counselors, Rehoboam foolishly consulted his younger peers, much to his chagrin. These peers were likely in their late 30's to early 40's. Raymond Dillard: Rehoboam was forty-one at the time of his accession (2Ch 12:13; 1 Kgs 14:21); neither he nor those who had grown up with him were “striplings,” though they were short of the status and wisdom of the elders. (SEE 2 Chronicles, Volume 15 - Page 87) J.A. Thompson on the young men - They may have been royal princes, half-brothers of Rehoboam, or civil servants. They had grown up with him and were contemporaries. (SEE 1, 2 Chronicles: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition) David Guzik: This is a common phenomenon today – what some call “advice shopping.” The idea is that you keep asking different people for advice until you find someone who will tell you what you want to hear. This is an unwise and ungodly way to get counsel. It is better to have a few trusted counselors you will listen to – even when they tell you what you don’t want to hear. Ron Daniel - 2Ch 10:8-15 Counsel Of The Young Men - Rehoboam didn't like the idea of a kinder, gentler king. This would mean that he could never be as productive and prosperous as his father had been. And so, as many people are prone to do, when he didn't get advice he liked, he simple sought another bunch who would tell him what he wanted to hear. It wasn't hard to find them, he simply consulted his high school yearbook! The young men who'd grown up with him and served him were the ones he asked next. Not surprisingly, they told him what he wanted to hear. Not only would things not be changing for the better in Israel, they would change for the worse. "You thought my father King Solomon was mean? Just wait'll you get a load of me!" Solomon had wondered what his son's kingdom would be like. He said that everything he'd worked for would be left... Eccl. 2:18-19 ...to the man who will come after me. And who knows whether he will be a wise man or a fool? Solomon died before finding out the answer, but I think it is clear to us now. It really is hard to believe that this was the man whose father had written, Prov. 15:1 A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. From God And yet, we must not forget that 2Chr. 10:15 ...it was a turn of events from God that the LORD might establish His word... Even when the king is acting wickedly and unjustly, we need to remember, Prov. 21:1 The king's heart is like channels of water in the hand of the LORD; He turns it wherever He wishes. The destiny of nations is ultimately in the hands of the Lord. G Campbell
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Guzik - There was a long-standing tension between the ten northern tribes and the combined group of Judah and Benjamin. There were two earlier rebellions along this line of potential division in the days after Absalom’s rebellion (2 Samuel 19:40-43), which developed into the rebellion of Sheba (2 Samuel 20:1-2). BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR 1-2 CHRONICLES NOTE: SOME CAN BE BORROWED FROM ARCHIVE.ORG Archer, Gleason L. Jr. A survey of Old Testament introduction (BORROW). Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1964. Baxter, J. Sidlow. Explore the Book Vol. 2 Judges to Esther . Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1960. Boda, Mark J. Cornerstone Biblical Commentary – 1-2 Chronicles. (Digital version) Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2010. Braun, Roddy. Word Biblical Commentary – Volume 14 –1 Chronicles (BORROW). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2018. Cooper, Derek. Reformation Commentary on Scripture – Old Testament V – 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chronicles. (Digital version) Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2016. Constable, Thomas - 1&2 Chronicles (ONLINE) Daniel, Ron - Teaching Notes - 1 Chronicles; 2 Chronicles (ONLINE) Dillard, Raymond B. Word Biblical Commentary – Volume 15 – 2 Chronicles (BORROW) Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2018. Ellison, H. L. The New Bible commentary, revised – 1 & 2 Chronicles (BORROW). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1970. Guzik, David. Enduring Word Bible Commentary 1 Chronicles; 2 Chronicles (ONLINE) Hill, Andrew E. The NIV Application Commentary – 1 & 2 Chronicles. (Digital version) Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003. Keil, C. F. and Delitzsch, F. Commentary on the Old Testament – 1 Chronicles & 2 Chronicles. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1975. Konkel, August H. Believers Church Bible Commentary – 1 & 2 Chronicles. (Multipart video series also available) Harrisonburg, VA: Herald Press, 2016. Mabie, Frederick J. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary Revised Edition – 1 & 2 Chronicles. (Digital Version) Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010. MacArthur, John. The MacArthur Study Bible (BORROW). Nelson Bibles, 2006. Olley, John W. (ED: IAIN DUGUID) ESV Expository Commentary, Vol. III – 1 Samuel – 2 Chronicles. (Digital Version) Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2019. Payne, J. Barton. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary – 1 & 2 Chronicles. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1988. Schultz, John. - 1 Chronicles (177 pages), 2 Chronicles (239 pages) (ONLINE) Selman, Martin J. Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries – 1 Chronicles. (BORROW)Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994. Selman, Martin J. Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries – 2 Chronicles. (BORROW) Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994. Sherwin, Simon & Mabie, Frederick J. Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary -- 1 & 2 Chronicles. (Digital Version) Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009. Thompson, J.A. The New American Commentary – Volume 9 – 1, 2 Chronicles. (Digital Version) Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 1994. Utley, Bob. 1 Chronicles Table of Contents; 2 Chronicles Table of Contents http://www.freebiblecommentary.org/old_testament_studies/VOL07BOT/VOL07BOT.html Walton, John, et al - The IVP Bible Background Commentary Old Testament IVP - InterVarsity Press 2000. Wiersbe, Warren W. Be Restored – Trusting God to See Us Through – OT Commentary – 2 Samuel & 1 Chronicles. (BORROW) Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 2010. Wiersbe, Warren W. Be Distinct – Standing Firmly Against the World’s Tides – OT Commentary – 2 Kings & 2 Chronicles. (BORROW) Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 2010. Williamson, H.G.M. New Century Bible Commentary – 1 and 2 Chronicles. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers 1982. Wood, Leon. A Survey of Israel’s History. (BORROW) Grand Rapids: MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1970.