Isaías 11
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
Isaías 11
Guzik comments that "The seven characteristics describe the nature of the Spirit of the Lord. They also describe the nature of Jesus. There is no difference between the nature of Jesus and the nature of the Holy Spirit. When we see Jesus, we see the Father (John 14:9). When we see the Spirit of the Lord at work, it should look like the ministry and the nature of Jesus. It is notable that the Isaiah referred to the Holy Spirit more than any other Old Testament prophet (Isaiah 11:2; 30:1; 32:15; 34:16; 40:13; 42:1; 44:3; 48:16; 59:21; 61:1; 63:10, 11, 14). Will rest (05117) (nuach/nuah) means to rest or pause and as noted from the many ways it is translated (see list of words below), nuach has many uses in the OT. Nuach essentially conveys a basic sense of absence of movement and of being settled in a particular place with overtones of finality. The first use in Ge 2:15 describes how God "put" Adam in the Garden. The next use describes a physical setting down of something (Ge 8:4, cp 2Sa 21:10, Ex 10:14, Josh 3:13). Baker summarizes the meanings of nuach Its main uses are summarized here: (1) to rest, to settle, to settle down, e.g., of the ark (Gen. 8:4); of locusts on the crops (Ex. 10:14); of a spirit on a person (2 Ki. 2:15); of the Lord's Spirit (Num. 11:25, 26); of birds (2 Sam. 21:10); of the hand of the Lord on something (Isa. 25:10); of wisdom which rests in one's heart (Prov. 14:33). (2) It means to repose, to pause for rest after laboring (Ex. 20:11; 23:12; Deut. 5:14); freedom, respite from one's enemies (Esth. 9:16). (3) It means to leave something as it is, at rest: the nations (Num. 32:15; Judg. 2:23; 3:1; Jer. 27:11); to leave something behind (Gen. 42:33; 2 Sam. 16:21). (4) It can have the sense of departing from a position (Eccl. 10:4); or of God's abandoning a person (Ps. 119:121; Jer. 14:9). (5) It can mean to leave alone, to let be, to not bother (Ex. 32:10; Hos. 4:17). (6) It has the sense of permit, to let a person do something (Judg. 16:26). (7) It may mean, in its causative senses: (a) to cause to rest, to give rest to: to rest one's hands (Ex. 17:11); to give satisfaction to one's spirit, especially God's Spirit (Zech. 6:8); to calm someone (Prov. 29:17); it is used figuratively of letting a blessing rest, come down on a person, house, or family (Ezek. 44:30). (b) To lay something down, to deposit it somewhere, such as stones (Josh. 4:3, 8); the ark (1 Sam. 6:18); man, Adam (Gen. 2:15). In one passive usage, it is negated (lōʾ) and refers to those who are given no respite (Lam 5:5). (Complete Word Study Dictionary – Old Testament) Vine notes that "To rest sometimes indicates a complete envelopment and thus permeation, as in the spirit of Elijah “resting” on Elisha (2Ki 2:15), the hand of God “resting” on the mountain (Isa 25:10), and when Wisdom “rests in the heart of him that hath understanding” (Pr. 14:33)." Gilbrant on nuach - The literal and figurative scope of what it means to "rest" is broad. In its most general and literal sense, the verb means "to settle down" in a place or to be at rest. In this aspect, it refers to the rest of humans (Deut. 5:14; Est. 9:22) and animals (2 Sam. 21:10). The Bible says that insects rest (Exo. 10:14), as do cattle, slaves and even the Lord after a time of labor (Exo. 23:12; Deut. 5:14; and Exo. 20:11 respectively). In some passages, nûach means "to settle down and remain" upon something. Metaphorically, Aram is said to have "settled down upon Ephraim" (Isa. 7:2) and the ark Noah built came to rest on Ararat (Gen. 8:4). Similarly, the Spirit of Yahweh that settled upon the Tent also came to rest on the seventy elders of Israel (Num. 11:25f). When Elijah was taken up to heaven, the prophets of Jericho remarked that the spirit of Elijah now rested upon Elisha (2 Ki. 2:15). In addition, when the hand of the Lord rested on Mount Zion, Israel had victory (Isa. 25:10). In like fashion, Proverbs says that wisdom finds repose in the heart of a discerning person (14:33), but one who strays from the path of understanding will find rest in the company of the dead (21:16). A majority of the OT occurrences of nûach occur in the Hiphil, indicating active, causative action. For example, Exo. 17:11 says that when Moses allowed his upraised hands to lower ("rest"), the men of Israel led by Joshua would begin to lose their battle against the Amalekites. In other passages, God gives rest to those He loves (Deut. 25:19; Isa 14:3), but He also causes his fury to rest on the disobedient (Ezek. 24:13). (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) The Lxx translates rest in this passage with the verb anapauo in the sense of "to settle on an object" as exemplified by the Spirit resting on believers who are reviled (1Pe 4:14-note). Nuah - 140v - abandon(2), allays(1), allow(1), appease(1), appeased(1), been at rest(1), calm(1), came to rest(1), camped(1), cast down(1), cast...down(1), deposit(3), deposited(1), down(1), enter into rest(1), find...rest(1), forsake(1), free(1), free space(2), give comfort(1), give rest(17), given rest(3), gives rest(1), had rest(1), idle*(1), laid(2), lay(8), lay down(1), laying(1), leave(8), left(7), let alone(4), let go*(1), permitted(2), place(2), placed(4), put(6), put it aside(1), put down(1), put aside(1), remain(3), resides(1), rest(14), rested(6), resting(1), rests(2), rid themselves(2), satisfy(1), set(4), set down(3), settle(2), settled(1), space*(1), spent(1), stationed(2), wait quietly(1), waited(1). Gen. 2:15; Gen. 8:4; Gen. 19:16; Gen. 39:16; Gen. 42:33; Exod. 10:14; Exod. 16:23; Exod. 16:24; Exod. 16:33; Exod. 16:34; Exod. 17:11; Exod. 20:11; Exod. 23:12; Exod. 32:10; Exod. 33:14; Lev. 7:15; Lev. 16:23; Lev. 24:12; Num. 10:36; Num. 11:25; Num. 11:26; Num. 15:34; Num. 17:4; Num. 17:7; Num. 19:9; Num. 32:15; Deut. 3:20; Deut. 5:14; Deut. 12:10; Deut. 14:28; Deut. 25:19; Deut. 26:4; Deut. 26:10; Jos. 1:13; Jos. 1:15; Jos. 3:13; Jos. 4:3; Jos. 4:8; Jos. 6:23; Jos. 21:44; Jos. 22:4; Jos. 23:1; Jdg. 2:23; Jdg. 3:1; Jdg. 6:18; Jdg. 6:20; 1 Sam. 6:18; 1 Sam. 10:25; 1 Sam. 25:9; 2 Sam. 7:1; 2 Sam. 7:11; 2 Sam. 16:11; 2 Sam. 16:21; 2 Sam. 20:3; 2 Sam. 21:10; 1 Ki. 5:4; 1 Ki. 7:47; 1 Ki. 8:9; 1 Ki. 13:29; 1 Ki. 13:30; 1 Ki. 13:31; 1 Ki. 19:3; 2 Ki. 2:15; 2 Ki. 17:29; 2 Ki. 23:18; 1 Chr. 16:21; 1 Chr. 22:9; 1 Chr. 22:18; 1 Chr. 23:25; 2 Chr. 1:14; 2 Chr. 4:8; 2 Chr. 6:41; 2 Chr. 9:25; 2 Chr. 14:6; 2 Chr. 14:7; 2 Chr. 15:15; 2 Chr. 20:30; Neh. 9:28; Est. 3:8; Est. 9:16; Est. 9:17; Est. 9:18; Est. 9:22; Job 3:13; Job 3:17; Job 3:26; Ps. 17:14; Ps. 105:14; Ps. 119:121; Ps. 125:3; Prov. 14:33; Prov. 21:16; Prov. 29:17; Eccl. 2:18; Eccl. 5:12; Eccl. 7:9; Eccl. 7:18; Eccl. 10:4; Eccl. 11:6; Isa. 7:2; Isa. 7:19; Isa. 11:2; Isa. 14:1; Isa. 14:3; Isa. 14:7; Isa. 23:12; Isa. 25:10; Isa. 28:2; Isa. 28:12; Isa. 30:32; Isa. 46:7; Isa. 57:2; Isa. 63:14; Isa. 65:15; Jer. 14:9; Jer. 27:11; Jer. 43:6; Lam. 5:5; Ezek. 5:13; Ezek. 16:39; Ezek. 16:42; Ezek. 21:17; Ezek. 22:20; Ezek. 24:13; Ezek. 37:1; Ezek. 37:14; Ezek. 40:2; Ezek. 40:42; Ezek. 41:9; Ezek. 41:11; Ezek. 42:13; Ezek. 42:14; Ezek. 44:19; Ezek. 44:30; Dan. 12:13; Hos. 4:17; Amos 5:7; Hab. 3:16; Zech. 5:11; Zech. 6:8 Will rest on Him - Like David (1Sa 16:13), this king will be energized by the Lord’s Spirit. The Holy Spirit will rest on the Messiah (permanently; not temporarily come upon, e.g., Nu 11:25, 26), a prophecy that was fulfilled at His first coming but will also be fulfilled at His Second Coming. This is a fascinating and somewhat mysterious statement in view of the unity of the Trinity. And yet the Gospels speak of the role of the Holy Spirit in the life of Jesus. Beloved, while this is indeed a great mystery, Jesus' dependence on the Holy Spirit to control and empower ministry during His time on earth should also be a great encouragement to all believers and a strong motivation for us to seek to learn to walk by the Spirit (Gal 5:16-note, cp Ep 5:18-note)… After being baptized, Jesus came up immediately from the water; and behold, the heavens were opened, and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove and lighting on Him, (Mt 3:16, cp Lk 3:22) And John bore witness saying, "I have beheld the Spirit descending as a dove out of heaven, and He remained (meno = abide, stay, persist, continue to live) upon Him. (Jn 1:32) Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. (Mt 4:1, cp Mk 1:12) Jesus, full of (which equates wit controlled by) the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led around by the Spirit in the wilderness (Lk 4:1). And Jesus returned to Galilee in the power (dunamis = power to accomplish supernatural work) of the Spirit, and news about Him spread through all the surrounding district. (Lk 4:14) For He (Jesus) Whom God (The Father) has sent speaks the words of God, for He gives the Spirit without measure (Which assures the truth of Jesus' words. The Spirit came upon OT prophets but only for limited times and purposes. Believers today are permanently indwelt by the same Spirit that gave Jesus the words of God to speak! We don't have any excuses for unwholesome words!). (Jn 3:34) You know of Jesus of Nazareth, how God anointed Him with the Holy Spirit and with power, and how He went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with Him. (Acts 10:38) Other passages in Isaiah also emphasize the role of the Holy Spirit in the life of the Messiah… Behold, My (God the Father) Servant (Messiah), whom I uphold; My chosen One in Whom My soul delights. I have put My Spirit upon Him; He will bring forth justice to the nations. (Is 42:1). The Spirit of the Lord God is upon Me (Messiah speaking), because the Lord has anointed Me to bring good news (The Septuagint - Lxx translates the Hebrew with euaggelizo/euangelizo = preach the Gospel) to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to captives and freedom to prisoners; (Is 61:1, quoted by Jesus in Luke 4:18) Spirit of Wisdom - (1Co 1:30; Col 2:3). And Jesus kept increasing in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men. (Lk 2:52) Guzik - Jesus is perfectly wise in all things. He showed it among us during his earthly ministry, and He shows it now in His ministry towards us in heaven. 1 Corinthians 1:30 says that Jesus became for us wisdom from God. It isn’t just that Jesus has wisdom; He is wisdom! Understanding - Jesus clearly manifested this attribute in His first coming… But Jesus perceived their malice, and said, “Why are you testing Me, you hypocrites? (Mt 22:18) He did not need anyone to testify concerning man, for He Himself knew what was in man. (Jn 2:25) Guzik - Jesus understands all things, and He understands us perfectly. He is perfectly suited to be our sympathetic High Priest in heaven (Hebrews 4:15-16). Understanding in Hebrew has the idea of a sharp sense of smell.
Isaías 11
Guzik - Nothing pleased Jesus more than doing the will of His Father. My food is to do the will of Him who sent Me, and to finish His work. (John 4:34) He will not judge by what His eyes see, nor make a decision by what His ears hear - The point is that Jesus did not judge as human kings who had to rely on external appearances or words, both of which might be subject to distortion of reality. Instead Messiah will have supernatural perception and be aware of hearts and thus will be able to discern hypocrisy, lying and deception. Dr John Walvoord points out that an… important aspect of the government of Christ in the millennium will be that of righteousness and justice. Most of the millennial passages emphasize this as the outstanding feature of of the millennium. Isaiah 11:3-5 assures the poor and the meek that their cause will be dealt with righteously in that day. The wicked are warned to serve the Lord lest they feel His wrath (Ps 2:10, 11, 12). It seems evident from many passages that no open sin will go unpunished. (The Righteous Government of the Millennium) Isaiah 11:4 But with righteousness He will judge the poor, and decide with fairness for the afflicted of the earth; and He will strike the earth with the rod of His mouth, and with the breath of His lips He will slay the wicked.: But with: Isa 32:1 2Sa 8:15 23:2-4 1Ki 10:8,9 Ps 45:6,7 72:1-4,12-14 82:2-4 Jer 23:5,6 33:15 Mt 11:5 Rev 19:11) Decide: Isa 1:17 Pr 31:8,9 Jer 5:28 Afflicted: Isa 29:19 61:1 Zep 2:3 Mt 5:5 2Co 10:1 Ga 5:23 Titus 3:2 Jas 3:13 He will strike: Job 4:9 Ps 2:9 110:2 Mal 4:6 2Th 2:8 Rev 1:16 2:16 19:15 breath: Isa 30:33 Ps 18:8 Ac 9:1) MESSIAH RIGHTEOUS JUDGE WARRIOR-KING But - Always observe for contrasts and take note of what is being contrasted. Instead of seeing and hearing the externals, the Messiah will see the truth and thus will judge with perfect righteousness. In short, Messiah will not be misled by deceitful appearances or lying words, but will read men’s hearts (cp 1Sa 16:7). He will judge the poor and decide with fairness for the afflicted - Isaiah had pointed out that Judah (especially her leaders) had perverted justice resulting in suffering for the poor and weak suffered (Isaiah 1:17, 23, 10:2). As Gray says "it is natural that the securing of the rights of these classes becomes a permanent feature of the ideal ruler." (A critical and exegetical commentary on the book of Isaiah) This Righteous Ruler stands in marked contrast to the unjust leaders of Judah in Isaiah's day… The LORD enters into judgment with the elders and princes of His people, “It is you who have devoured the vineyard; The plunder of the poor is in your houses. 15 “What do you mean by crushing My people And grinding the face of the poor?” Declares the LORD God of hosts. (Is 3:14-15). Woe to those who enact evil statutes And to those who constantly record unjust decisions, so as to deprive the needy of justice and rob the poor of My people of their rights, so that widows may be their spoil and that they may plunder the orphans. (Isa 10:1-2). He will strike the earth with the rod of His mouth - Messiah rule will be manifested in exertion of supernatural power. In Revelation when Messiah returns to defeat His enemies and establish His earthly one thousand year kingdom John records… And from His mouth comes a sharp sword, so that with it He may smite the nations (Gentiles); and He will rule them with a rod of iron; and He treads the wine press of the fierce wrath of God, the Almighty. (Rev 19:15)
Isaías 11
Guzik writes that… In the reign of the Messiah, there will be another Exodus of the Jewish people, delivering them not only from Egypt, but from all nations where they have been dispersed. After the Exodus under Moses, the Jewish people sang a song, the Song of Moses (Exodus 15:1-18) and so it is fitting that after this second and final "Exodus" so to speak, they will also sing a hymn, a song of praise (Isaiah 12:1-6 -see notes). Arnold Fruchtenbaum comments that… The regathering of Israel, following the regeneration, is another high point of prophetic revelation to be found in many of the prophets. In Isaiah 11:11–12:6, the final regathering is described as the second of the world-wide regatherings of Israel. The first regathering is the one in unbelief prior to the Great Tribulation in preparation for judgment. The regathering described in this passage is the second one (v. 11a), in faith and in preparation for the millennial blessings. This regathering is not merely local from the nations of the Middle East (Isa 11:11b), but from all over the world (v. 12). Isaiah then goes on to develop certain characteristics of Israel’s final regathering. (Israelology: The Missing Link in Systematic Theology. Tustin, Calif.: Ariel Ministries) Be aware of some interpretations (and remember that while a verse has only one valid interpretation, there can by many applications) of this verse which are questionable (especially interpretations that see these passages as a directed to the "church"). Such interpretations are making the text say something it does not say literally and as noted below they are completely dismissing the context which is crucial and king in accurate interpretation! For example the Africa Bible Commentary (which I think is a well done work overall) says… If (Ed: Note that "if" introduces an assumption, an approach to hermeneutics [science of interpretation] which should be assiduously avoided if one truly desires to know God's one intended meaning) the prophecy is understood as being interpretable on more than one level, it can be argued that this prophecy is fulfilled in the church (Ed: If one totally ignores the context, then one can argue in this way. But if one is true to the context, this interpretation is incorrect. Beloved, Isaiah was not addressing the church but Judah and Jerusalem - see Isaiah 1:1!), in which there should be no distinction between races, nations and tribes (Gal 3:28). (Ed: This prophecy is not fulfilled in the church but is fulfilled when Messiah the Deliver returns to save His people Israel, who will then enter into the Millennial Kingdom!) With His hand - God's hand signifies God's power. He will accomplish the recovery for He is faithful to keep His promises. The remnant of His people, who will remain - Remnant is the Hebrew word shear and remain is the verb shaar which means to be left over or those who have been spared. There is a similar prophecy of the returning remnant in Isaiah 59:9, 10, 11.