João 13
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
João 13
Guzik writes "Others think the name Iscariot is linked to the word sicarius, meaning “assassin” – a connection to the Jewish zealots who carried out underground warfare against the Roman occupiers." (I think this supposition while intriguing is unlikely). Iscariot - 11x in 11v - Matt. 10:4; Matt. 26:14; Mk. 3:19; Mk. 14:10; Lk. 6:16; Lk. 22:3; Jn. 6:71; Jn. 12:4; Jn. 13:2; Jn. 13:26; Jn. 14:22 Betray (delivered, hand over) (3860) paradidomi from para = alongside, beside, to the side of, over to + didomi = to give) conveys the basic meaning of to give over from one's hand to someone or something, especially to give over to the power of another, which is exactly what Judas did in his betrayal of Christ. Paradidomi is a key verb in the final verses of John as shown below. Paradidomi in John - Jn. 6:64; Jn. 6:71; Jn. 12:4; Jn. 13:2; Jn. 13:11; Jn. 13:21; Jn. 18:2; Jn. 18:5; Jn. 18:30; Jn. 18:35; Jn. 18:36; Jn. 19:11; Jn. 19:16; Jn. 19:30; Jn. 21:20 QUESTION - Who was Judas Iscariot? ANSWER - Judas Iscariot is typically remembered for one thing: his betrayal of Jesus. He was one of the twelve disciples who lived with and followed Jesus for three years. He witnessed Jesus’ ministry, His teaching, and His many miracles. He was the treasurer for the group and used this trusted position to steal from their resources (John 12:6). Judas was a common name in that era, and there are several other Judases mentioned in the New Testament. One of the other disciples was named Judas (John 14:22), and so was one of Jesus’ own half-brothers (Mark 6:3). To differentiate, John 6:71 and John 13:26 refer to Christ’s betrayer as “Judas, son of Simon Iscariot.” Scholars have several ideas about the derivation of the surname. One is that Iscariot refers to Kerioth, a region or town in Judea. Another idea is that it refers to the Sicarii, a cadre of assassins among the Jewish rebels. The possible association with the Sicarii allows for interesting speculation about Judas’ motives for his betrayal, but the fact that he made a conscious choice to betray Jesus (Luke 22:48) remains the same. The surname Iscariot is useful, if for no other reason, in that it leaves no doubt about which Judas is being referred to. Here are some of the facts we glean from key verses about Judas and his betrayal: Money was important to Judas. As already mentioned, he was a thief, and, according to Matthew 26:13–15, the chief priests paid him “thirty silver coins” to betray the Lord. Jesus knew from the very beginning what Judas Iscariot would do. Jesus told His disciples, “Have I not chosen you, the Twelve? Yet one of you is a devil!” (John 6:70). And at the Last Supper, Jesus predicted His betrayal and identified the betrayer: “Jesus answered, ‘It is the one to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped it in the dish.’ Then, dipping the piece of bread, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, son of Simon” (John 13:26). Jesus said that Judas Iscariot was not “clean”; i.e., he had not been born again and was not forgiven of his sins (John 13:10–11). In fact, Judas was empowered to do what he did by the devil himself: “As soon as Judas took the bread [that Jesus had given him], Satan entered into him” (John 13:27). The other disciples had no clue that Judas Iscariot harbored treacherous thoughts. When Jesus mentioned a betrayer in their midst, the other disciples worried that it was they who would prove disloyal (John 13:22). No one suspected Judas. He was a trusted member of the Twelve. Even when Jesus told Judas, “What you are about to do, do quickly,” (John 13:27), and Judas left the Last Supper, the others at the table simply thought Judas had been sent to buy more food or to give something to charity (verses 28–29). Judas Iscariot betrayed the Lord with a kiss, perfectly in keeping with his brazen duplicity (Luke 22:47–48). After committing his atrocious act, Judas “was seized with remorse and returned the thirty silver coins to the chief priests and the elders” (Matthew 27:3). But we learn that remorse does not equal repentance—rather than make amends or seek forgiveness, “he went away and hanged himself” (Matthew 27:5). Judas Iscariot fulfilled the prophecy of Psalm 41:9, “Even my close friend, someone I trusted, one who shared my bread, has turned against me” (cf. John 13:18). Yet Judas was fully responsible for his actions. Jesus said, “The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him. But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born” (Matthew 26:24). Matthew 27:6–8 reports that the chief priests took the “blood money” from Judas and bought a potter’s field as a place for burying foreigners (thus fulfilling the prophecy of Zechariah 11:12–13). Acts 1:18–19 continues the story of what happened after Judas’ death and gives some additional information. Luke reports, “With the reward he got for his wickedness, Judas bought a field; there he fell headlong, his body burst open and all his intestines spilled out. Everyone in Jerusalem heard about this, so they called that field in their language Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood.” The additional detail we learn from Luke is that, after Judas hanged himself, his dead body fell into the very field purchased with his ill-gotten gains. Given the fact of Judas’ close proximity to Jesus during three years of ministry, it is hard to imagine how he could follow through on such a dastardly betrayal. Judas’ story teaches us to guard against small, gradual failings that gain strength and power in our lives and that could open the door to more deadly influences. His story is also a great reminder that appearances can be deceiving. Jesus taught, “Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons and in your name perform many miracles?’ Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!’” (Matthew 7:22–23).GotQuestions.org Related Resources: Why did Judas betray Jesus? | GotQuestions.org How did Judas die? | GotQuestions.org Was Judas Iscariot forgiven / saved? | GotQuestions.org Why did Jesus choose Judas? | GotQuestions.org What is the significance of Judas betraying Jesus with a kiss? | GotQuestions.org What is the Gospel of Judas? | GotQuestions.org John 13:3 Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into His hands, and that He had come forth from God and was going back to God, John 13:3 CLICK HERE TO READ IN OVER 60 ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS knowing: Jn 3:35 Jn 5:22-27 17:2 Mt 11:27 28:18 Lu 10:22 Ac 2:36 1Co 15:27 Eph 1:21,22 Php 2:9-11 Heb 1:2 2:8,9 and that: Jn 13:1 1:18 3:13 7:29,33 8:42 16:27,28 17:5-8,11-13 Related Passages: John 3:35+ “The Father loves the Son and has given all things into His hand. John 5:22+ “For not even the Father judges anyone, but He has given all judgment to the Son, John 16:28+ (JESUS REPEATS THIS TO THE DISCIPLES) “I came forth from the Father and have come into the world; I am leaving the world again and going to the Father.” Matthew 11:27+ “All things have been handed over to Me by My Father; and no one knows the Son except the Father; nor does anyone know the Father except the Son, and anyone to whom the Son wills to reveal Him. Luke 10:22+ “All things have been handed over to Me by My Father, and no one knows who the Son is except the Father, and who the Father is except the Son, and anyone to whom the Son wills to reveal Him.” Matthew 28:18+ ( And Jesus came up and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. JESUS' PROPER PERSPECTIVE DIVINE CONDESCENSION Jesus, knowing (eido) that the Father had given all things into His hands (Jn 3:35+) - Jesus' perspective was that He was in command of the situation. Knowing (eido) is in the perfect tense which describes Jesus full knowledge and perfect confidence. Even though He knew (cf knowing in Jn 13:1) He would be handed over into hands of evil men, He knew beyond a shadow of a doubt that all things had been given into His hands or "under His power." In other words, He had no doubt that the Crown would follow the Cross! "Jesus went into this situation as a victor, not as a victim" (Guzik) This truth was firm footing and motivation for His confidence. Notice that had given is past tense, indicating a past completed act, and affirms that Jesus is truly the Lord of everything, because one of the primary meanings of kurios is the Owner or Possessor of everything. THOUGHT- Is Jesus your LORD? Does He OWN you? Are you His bondservant (doulos)? Do your thoughts, words and actions demonstrate that He owns you? You are not your own, but have been bought with a price (1Co 6:20+, Titus 2:14+, 1Pe 1:18, 19+). The Father has given your life into His hands! Your life is in good hands! There is a commercial which says "You're in good hands with Allstate," but the best insurance policy is to know you are in the BEST hands with Jesus! We need to remember this truth when (not if but when) everything in our life is shaking and winds of affliction are blowing like a hurricane in our soul! He holds us in His omnipotent hands! Nothing can separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord (Ro 8:39+). Thank You Lord Jesus. Amen.
João 13
Guzik adds that "Earlier at this dinner, the washing of feet displayed a degree of sacrificial love and service not seen before the cross. Now, the giving of the dipped bread to Judas showed the height of love for enemies, previous to the cross. Jesus identified the betrayer to John, and seemingly to none of the other disciples. John did not stop or oppose Judas and he did not explain why. Perhaps he did not immediately grasp what Jesus said or found it so shocking that it momentarily confused him." F F Bruce suggests that "Jesus’ action, in singling Judas out for a mark of special favour, may have been intended as a final appeal to him to abandon his treacherous plan and play the part of a true disciple. Up to that moment, the die had not been irrevocably cast. If Judas wavered for a second, it was only to steel himself to carry out his fatal resolution, to become the willing instrument of Satan whereas he might have been the free follower and messenger of his Master. Satan could not have entered into him had he not granted him admission. Had he been willing to say “No” to the adversary, all of his Master’s intercessory power was available to him there and then to strengthen him. But when a disciple’s will turns traitor, when the spiritual aid of Christ is refused, that person’s condition is desperate indeed." (BORROW The Gospel of John PAGE 290) (BOLD ADDED) Gilbrant - To give the dipped morsel on such an occasion was equivalent to serving the choicest piece of steak at a banquet. Judas knew the significance of Jesus' action. But Judas received the morsel in formal courtesy with an unrepentant soul. Blaney notes that Judas had previously rejected Jesus' efforts to turn him from the sin ahead in the foot washing episode. He pictured the Master symbolically saying, "Let me wash this evil from your mind and heart. You have been one of my disciples, and I love you in spite of your plans. I know about them, and I understand—for I too know what it is like to be tempted. Our fellowship has been good. This need not be the end. Will you not begin to resist the thought of betrayal before it becomes too strong for you?" (BORROW Blaney, Wesleyan Bible Commentary, page 436). Now the traitor rejects even this final act of love from the Master. (Complete Biblical Library) Dip (911)(bapto) means (1) dip in or under, immerse in a liquid (Lk 16.24); (2) as coloring cloth dip into dye, dye (Rev 19.13). In classical Greek baptō means “to dip,” such as when iron is dipped in water to temper it. It is also used of dipping something to dye it or of dipping a vessel to draw some liquid with it (Liddell-Scott). Gilbrant - It occurs more frequently in the Septuagint (16 times) than its relative baptizō. In almost every case it corresponds to the Hebrew word ṯāval, “to dip.” Ritual contexts include a priest’s dipping his finger into the blood of the sin offering and sprinkling it before the Lord (Leviticus 4:6,17; 9:9; cf. Lev 14:6,16,51). Water was the agent into which animals were immersed to render them ritually clean (Leviticus 11:32; cf. Numbers 19:18; cf. also 2Ki 5:14 of Naaman’s cleansing where verb is baptizo not bapto). In a non-ritual sense it refers to the submerging of priests’ feet into water or a bath of oil (Joshua 3:15; Deuteronomy 33:24). The ritual sense is not present in the New Testament’s three uses. The rich man begged that Lazarus be allowed to “dip the tip of his finger” into water and touch it to his burning tongue (Luke 16:24). The “dipping” of the bread into the dish signaled Jesus’ betrayer according to John’s report (Jn 13:26). Revelation 19:13 reflects a meaning common to classical Greek: that of dipping to dye something. In this case it is the robe dipped in blood worn by the rider on the white horse, whose name is the Word of God (Revelation 19:13). The dyeing of the robe with blood symbolizes the destruction He brings to His enemies (cf. verses 15,21). (Complete Biblical Library) Bapto - 3v - dip(2), dipped(2). Lk. 16:24; Jn. 13:26; Rev. 19:13 Bapto in the Septuagint - Ex 12:22; Lev. 4:6; Lev. 4:17; Lev. 9:9; Lev. 11:32; Lev. 14:6; Lev. 14:16; Lev. 14:51; Num. 19:18; Deut. 33:24; Jos. 3:15; Ruth 2:14; 1 Sam. 14:27; 2 Ki. 8:15; Job 9:31; Ps. 68:23 SPECIAL TOPIC: PASSOVER (order of service) A. Prayer B. Cup of wine C. Hand washing by host and passing of the basin to all D. Dip of bitter herbs and sauce E. Lamb and main meal F. Prayer and second dip of bitter herbs and sauce G. Second cup of wine with question-and-answer time for children (cf. Exod. 12:26-27) H. Singing of the Hallel Psalms 113-114 and prayer I. Master of ceremony makes sop for each one after washing his hands J. All eat until filled; finish with a piece of lamb K.Third cup of wine after washing hands L. Singing the Hallel Psalms 115-118 M. Fourth cup of wine, which denoted the coming of the Kingdom Many believe that the institution of the Lord's Supper occurred at "K." John 13:27 After the morsel, Satan then entered into him. Therefore Jesus said to him, "What you do, do quickly." John 13:27 CLICK HERE TO READ PASSAGE IN OVER 60 ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS Satan: Jn 13:2 Ps 109:6 Mt 12:45 Lu 8:32,33 22:3 Ac 5:3 That: 1Ki 18:27 Pr 1:16 Ec 9:3 Jer 2:24,25 Da 2:15 Mk 6:25 Jas 1:13-15 THE POSSESSION OF A PROFESSOR AND HIS LAST CHANCE TO REPENT After the morsel - This time phrase marks the critical moment that follows in the text. Why would the morsel be critical? To offer bread to a guest was a mark of honor and thus this would seem to be Jesus' final appeal to repent, but Judas clearly refused. Yes, physically he ate the morsel, but spiritually he did not receive the grace the Lord meant for him to receive, that by it he might be saved from eternal punishment. Satan (satanas) then entered into him - Judas clearly had opened the door, for Satan could not enter otherwise. The tragic irony in this scene is that Jesus had just shown Judas an incredible act of love by giving the morsel to him (as to an honored guest), but instead of receiving the morsel with love, he receives Satan! Brian Bell has an interesting thought- Realizing the power of Jesus’ love to soften even the most mercenary of traitors, Satan steps in to make sure that nothing foils his assassination plot. Merrill Tenney explains that Judas' "yielding to selfish impulse opened the way to satanic control....His act, however, was more than an incidental act of treachery; he sold himself to the power of evil." (Borrow Expositor's Bible Commentary page 342)