Mateus 12
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
Mateus 12
Guzik - The Holy Spirit’s main ministry is to testify of Jesus (He will testify of Me, John 15:26). When that testimony of Jesus is fully and finally rejected, one has truly blasphemed the Holy Spirit and essentially called Him a liar in respect to His testimony about Jesus. The religious leaders were close to this. To reject Jesus from a distance or with little information is bad; to reject the testimony of the Holy Spirit about Jesus is fatal. It will not be forgiven him, either in this age or in the age to come: The eternal consequences of this sin force us to regard it seriously. Therefore, how can one know if they have in fact blasphemed the Holy Spirit? The fact that one desires Jesus at all shows that they are not guilty of this sin. Yet continued rejection of Jesus makes us more hardened against Him and puts us on the path of a full and final rejection of Him. Some people—as a joke or a dare—intentionally say words they suppose commit the sin of blasphemy against the Spirit. They think it a light thing to joke with eternity. Yet true blasphemy against the Spirit is more than a formula of words; it is a settled disposition of life that rejects the testimony of the Holy Spirit regarding Jesus. Even if someone has intentionally said such things, they can still repent and prevent a settled rejection of Jesus. (Matthew 12 Commentary) Guzik in a related comment on Lk 12:10 writes "Some people – as a joke or a dare – intentionally say words they suppose commit the sin of blasphemy against the Spirit. They think it a light thing to joke with eternity. Yet true blasphemy against the Spirit is more than a formula of words; it is a settled disposition of life that rejects the testimony of the Holy Spirit regarding Jesus. Even if someone has intentionally said such things, they can still repent and prevent a settled rejection of Jesus. The blasphemy of the Holy Spirit will never be forgiven – not because it is a sin too big for God to forgive, but because it is an attitude of heart that cares nothing for God’s forgiveness. It never has forgiveness because it never wants forgiveness God’s way. It may want forgiveness on its own terms, but never God’s way.. The way to not blaspheme the Holy Spirit is to receive Jesus Christ, and to put one’s loving trust upon Him today. It means to stop rejecting the work of the Holy Spirit in bringing us to Jesus. (Luke 12 Commentary) Disciple's Study Bible - Those who rejected Jesus in his earthly ministry had an opportunity to respond to the Holy Spirit after Pentecost. Those who reject the Spirit’s call to faith in Christ have no hope for forgiveness. (CSB Disciple's Study Bible) Warren Wiersbe (comments on Luke 12:10) - The "blasphemy against the Holy Spirit" has special reference to the Jewish nation that was rejecting the evidence Jesus gave them of who He was and what they needed to do. When they refused the ministry of John the Baptist, they rejected God the Father who sent John; but there was still the witness of the Son. When they rejected Jesus, He prayed for them (Luke 23:34). They still had the witness of the Spirit (Acts 1:8). When they rejected the witness of the Spirit through the church (Acts 2-7), they sinned against the Holy Spirit (Acts 7:51), and there was no further witness left! (Wiersbe's Expository Outlines on the New Testament) Reformation Study Bible (Notes on Mark 3:29) - Jesus' solemn warning about a kind of sin that will not be forgiven, either in this world or the next, is found in three Gospels: Matt. 12:31, 32; Mark 3:28-30; Luke 12:10. It is specifically "blasphemy against the Spirit." This blasphemy is an act performed by speaking, understood as an expression of the thoughts of the heart (Matt. 12:33-37; cf. Rom. 10:9, 10). In the particular context the opponents of Jesus were saying that the Power doing good works among them was not God but the devil. Jesus distinguishes between this blasphemy and other sins, both other sins of speech and other sins in general. As the Bible teaches, God forgave sins of incest, murder, lying, and even Paul's persecution of the church, which Paul did while "breathing threats and murder" against God's people (Acts 9:1). What makes the unpardonable sin different from others is its relation to the Holy Spirit. It is the Holy Spirit's work to enlighten the mind of sinners (Eph. 1:17, 18), to reveal and teach the gospel (John 14:26), persuading souls to repent and believe the truth (cf. Acts 7:51). The Spirit not only explains the Word of God, but He opens the mind so that it is perceived (2 Cor. 3:16, 17). When His influence is deliberately and knowingly refused, in opposition to the light, then the irreversible sin can be committed as a voluntary, informed act of malice. In response there is a hardening of the heart from God that rules out repentance and faith (Heb. 3:12, 13). God permits the decision of the human will to be permanent in this case. God does not do this lightly or without cause, but in response to an offense against His love. A person who wants to repent, that is, to reverse the sins they may be guilty of, has not suffered this hardening and has not committed the profound act of hatred that God has determined He will not forgive. Anyone who has been born again will not commit this sin, because the Spirit lives in that person, and God is not divided against Himself (1 John 3:9). The other verses dealing with the unpardonable sin are Heb. 6:4-6; 10:26-29; and 1 John 5:16, 17. These show that the possibility of this sin depends on there being particular enlightenment and understanding from God and that it is not a common, everyday matter. Jesus said "all sins" and "whatever blasphemies" will be forgiven, excepting only this one sin. (The Reformation Study Bible) Warren Wiersbe (comments on Matthew 12:31-32) Keep these things in mind when you consider the unpardonable sin: A. It is a sin of the heart, not the lips (Mt 12:34-35). The words from the lips are the evidence of the condition of the heart; and evil words indicate an evil heart. B. It is a sin committed in the light of great evidence. These men had seen Christ's miracles and yet hardened their hearts against Him. C. It is the sin of willful, persistent unbelief and final rejection of Jesus Christ. Adultery is not unpardonable (see John 8:1-11), nor is murder (God forgave David). But when a person persists in rejecting Christ and comes to the place where his heart is so calloused he has no concern for his eternal destiny, then it is too late. (Wiersbe's Expository Outlines on the New Testament) John
Mateus 12
Guzik points out that "Jesus never violated God’s command to observe the Sabbath or approved of His disciples violating God’s Sabbath command, but He often broke man’s legalistic additions to that law and He sometimes seems to have deliberately broken those human additions." (Enduring Word) Edersheim on why it was not lawful on the Sabbath - On any ordinary day this would have been lawful; but on the Sabbath it involved, according to the Rabbinic statutes, at least two sins, viz., plucking the ears, which was reaping, and rubbing them in their hands (Luke 6:1), which was sifting, grinding, or fanning. The Talmud says: 'In case a woman rolls wheat to remove the husks, it is considered as sifting; if she rubs the heads of wheat, it is regarded as threshing; if she cleans off the side-adherencies, it is sifting out fruit; if she bruises the ears, it is grinding; if she throws them up in her hand, it is winnowing'" (Life and Times of Jesus) John
Mateus 12
Guzik - Jesus was indeed greater than the temple. Considering how highly the temple was regarded in the days of Jesus, this was a shocking statement. Yet the temple as it stood in Jesus’ day did not have the ark of the covenant, that important demonstration of the throne and presence of God. Yet Jesus was a much greater demonstration of the presence of God—He was God made flesh! The temple also lacked the Shekinah, the Urim and Thummim, and the sacred fire from heaven. Yet Jesus is all these things to us; He is surely greater than the temple. Zodhiates - Jesus had referred to His body as a temple (naón) in John 2:19, so in this sense-the incarnation of God-He was the true inner sanctuary (naós),"greater" than the physical temple (hierós) before them. When He was sacrificed on the cross, therefore, the lamb, the inner sanctuary, and the altar were all rendered permanently ineffective (lúsate, the aorist imperative of lúō GreekStrongs:G3089 , to loose, to release; John 2:19). This ended the old covenant's sacrificial system (Heb. 9:25-28). Correlatively, when Christ was raised from the dead and ascended to the right hand of the Father, the naós-His body-ascended with Him. This is why the apostle John saw both the inner sanctuary (naós) and the ark (kibōtós GreekStrongs:G2787 ) of the covenant in heaven in his vision (Rev. 11:19). Since Christ's naós was sacrificed outside Jerusalem (Heb. 13:11-13), the true temple moved without the gates of the city, leaving Jerusalem and its physical temple "desolate" (Luke 13:35) but opening the only way to all peoples and nations. By elevating His authority to a level higher than the temple that sanctified the work of priestly preparations on the Sabbath, Jesus readied the Pharisees for a conclusion they would not want to hear (see v. 8). The Gospels present a striking and unmistakable theme: Jesus is greater than all that preceded Him. He declares Himself greater than the temple (Matt 12:6), greater than Jonah (Matt 12:41), greater than Solomon (Matt 12:42), greater than Jacob (John 4:12), greater than John the Baptist (John 5:36), and greater than Abraham (John 8:53). He even speaks with an authority that transcends traditional interpretations of Scripture (Matt 5:21–48; Mark 7:18–19). These claims would have been shocking to first-century Jews, for they elevate Jesus above the most revered institutions and figures in Israel’s history. Together they reveal that Jesus is the ultimate revelation of God—He fulfills, surpasses, and brings to completion all that came before, exercising lordship even over Scripture itself. This same theme reaches its fullest theological expression in the book of Hebrews, where the central focus is the superiority of Christ and the New Covenant over the Mosaic Covenant. The writer repeatedly uses the term “better” (kreittōn/kreissōn) to emphasize that what is found in Christ is superior in every way. Jesus is much better than the angels (Heb 1:4), brings a better hope (Heb 7:19), mediates a better covenant (Heb 7:22; 8:6), and offers better sacrifices (Heb 9:23). Believers possess a better and lasting possession (Heb 10:34), look forward to a better resurrection (Heb 11:35), and seek a better country (Heb 11:16), because God has provided something better in Christ (Heb 11:40). Even His sprinkled blood speaks better than that of Abel (Heb 12:24). The consistent message is clear: everything associated with Jesus is superior, more excellent, and of higher value, demonstrating that He is the fulfillment and culmination of God’s redemptive plan. Bob
Mateus 12
Guzik writes that "She sought after God’s word with a tenacity that shames us. The people who asked Jesus for a sign saw His work right there in their own neighborhood, and didn’t believe." We again are impressed by the greatness of Jesus’ self-claim. To stand in front of these religious leaders and claim to be greater than Israel’s richest and wisest king was audacious. Yet the seeming audacity of Jesus was well justified. The Queen of the South - Read this story of the Queen of Sheba in 1 Kings 10:1-13+ (cf 2Ch 9:1-12+), which begins "Now when the queen of Sheba heard about the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD (NLT has "Solomon's fame, which brought honor to the name of the LORD"), she came to test him with difficult questions." In 1Ki 10:9+ the Queen of the South responds upon hearing Solomon's wisdom: “Blessed be the LORD your God Who delighted in you to set you on the throne of Israel (SPEAKS OF GOD'S SOVEREIGNTY); because the LORD loved Israel forever (HIS COVENANT WITH ISRAEL), therefore He made you king, to do justice and righteousness.” Comment - Her response indicates the Queen of Sheba was converted by Solomon's words and witness of His God. She had no knowledge of the true God and no invitation to discover anything about Him and yet she sought the truth about Him from Solomon and when she heard, she believed. She was converted despite having had none of the privileges nor hearing any of Jesus' teachings as the Jews of this wicked generation had!