Números 15
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
Números 15
Guzik - We might imagine an Israelite being tempted into some kind of sin, and then catching sight of his own distinctive garments—reminding him of who he is, and reminding him that others can see who he is: A child of God, and not a child of the sin he is contemplating. The tassels were small things, yet they carried a big message: Israel belonged to God and must respect and obey His commandments -- Warren Wiersbe NET NOTE - This is a reference to the צִיצִת (tsitsit), the fringes on the borders of the robes. They were meant to hang from the corners of the upper garment (Deut 22:12), which was worn on top of the clothing. The tassel was probably made by twisting the overhanging threads of the garment into a knot that would hang down. This was a reminder of the covenant. The tassels were retained down through history, and today more elaborate prayer shawls with tassels are worn during prayer. The blue may represent the heavenly origin of the Law, or perhaps, since it is a royal color, the majesty of the LORD. BSB - The people were to add tassels to their garments as a reminder to obey the commandments of God and to live holy lives before Him, and as a reminder of God's deliverance from the bondage of Egypt. According to Jewish tradition, there were eight threads and five knots in each tassel, suggesting the number thirteen. The numerical value of the Hebrew word for tassels, sisit, is 600. In this way they were reminded of the 613 laws of the Hebrew legal code. This passage is the origin of the Jewish tallit (Heb.) or prayer shawl (cf. Deut. 22:12). Tassel (06734) (tsitsith) a feminine noun signifying a tassel, an ornamental tuft of threads. Hartley - It is debated whether ṣîṣît indicates the fringe around the edges of a garment or a tassel at each corner; Snaith suggests the threads were twisted in groups to form "a fringe of tassels." A cord of blue was to be placed on each tassel. Traditionally they were woven out of eight threads tied into five knots. These tassels served to remind the people to keep Yahweh's commandments and not to follow their own desires (Numbers 15:38ff.; cf. Deut. 22:12; Matthew 9:20; Matthew 14:36; Matthew 23:5). For a faith based on a saving history and a law, memory is crucial to preserving its integrity. It also means "a lock"; in a vision the Spirit transported Ezekiel by a lock of hair to Jerusalem (Ezekiel 8:3). (Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament) Used only 3x - Num. 15:38; Num. 15:39; Ezek. 8:3 Corner (03671)(kanaph) means a sing, or the corner of a garment. Appendage of a bird with which it flies, denoting speed as well as protection. Gilbrant - The psalmist desired to be hidden in God, "under the shadow of [his] wings" (Pss. 36:7; 57:1; 61:4; 63:7; 91:4). Ruth also was blessed by her benefactor, Boaz, that she be given full reward for her faithfulness by Yahweh God of Israel, "under whose wings thou art come to trust" (Ruth 2:12). Wings also describe armies, such as the Assyrian conquerors, whose armies filled the land of Israel (Isa. 8:8) by "stretching out [their] wings." Kānāph also means "edge," "extremity" such as the edge of a garment (e.g., 1 Sam. 15:27; Zech. 8:23; Ezek. 5:3; Hag. 2:12). This usage for the noun is attested in cognates in Ugaritic, Yaudic and Egyptian Aramaic (with no nuance of "wing"). The extension of this concept to include "lap" is found in Jewish Aramaic, while the nuance of "side" is attested in Arabic and "edge" in Old South Arabian. An ancient Near Eastern custom of wrapping oneself in a mantle created the expression, "edge of a bed covering." One of the laws of the Torah forbids a man to violate his father's bed, i.e., "uncover his father's bed covering," which means to have sexual relations with his father's wife or expose the nakedness of his father. (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) Kanaph - 85v - bird*(1), corner(1), corners(4), covering(1), each other(1), edge(5), edges(1), ends(3), fold(2), garment(1), kind(3), skirt(3), skirts(1), sorts(1), wing(14), winged(5), wings(58), wings were each other(1), wingspan(1). Gen. 1:21; Gen. 7:14; Exod. 19:4; Exod. 25:20; Exod. 37:9; Lev. 1:17; Num. 15:38; Deut. 4:17; Deut. 22:12; Deut. 22:30; Deut. 27:20; Deut. 32:11; Ruth 2:12; Ruth 3:9; 1 Sam. 15:27; 1 Sam. 24:4; 1 Sam. 24:5; 1 Sam. 24:11; 2 Sam. 22:11; 1 Ki. 6:24; 1 Ki. 6:27; 1 Ki. 8:6; 1 Ki. 8:7; 2 Chr. 3:11; 2 Chr. 3:12; 2 Chr. 3:13; 2 Chr. 5:7; 2 Chr. 5:8; Job 37:3; Job 38:13; Job 39:13; Job 39:26; Ps. 17:8; Ps. 18:10; Ps. 36:7; Ps. 57:1; Ps. 61:4; Ps. 63:7; Ps. 68:13; Ps. 78:27; Ps. 91:4; Ps. 104:3; Ps. 139:9; Ps. 148:10; Prov. 1:17; Prov. 23:5; Eccl. 10:20; Isa. 6:2; Isa. 8:8; Isa. 10:14; Isa. 11:12; Isa. 18:1; Isa. 24:16; Jer. 2:34; Jer. 48:40; Jer. 49:22; Ezek. 1:6; Ezek. 1:8; Ezek. 1:9; Ezek. 1:11; Ezek. 1:23; Ezek. 1:24; Ezek. 1:25; Ezek. 3:13; Ezek. 5:3; Ezek. 7:2; Ezek. 10:5; Ezek. 10:8; Ezek. 10:12; Ezek. 10:16; Ezek. 10:19; Ezek. 10:21; Ezek. 11:22; Ezek. 16:8; Ezek. 17:3; Ezek. 17:7; Ezek. 17:23; Ezek. 39:4; Ezek. 39:17; Dan. 9:27; Hos. 4:19; Hag. 2:12; Zech. 5:9; Zech. 8:23; Mal. 4:2 Cord (06616)(pathil from pathal = to twist) means a cord or thread. In five passages, pāthîl depicts a "blue cord" (Exo. 28:28, 37; 39:21, 31; Num. 15:38). In Judg. 16:9, the noun is translated "thread of" tow, and in Ezek. 40:3, a "cord of" flax, both of which depict fine fibre such as is burned in the flame. In Gen. 38:18, 25, pāthîl refers to a cord, and in Exo. 39:3, it appears as threads of gold "to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet." In Num. 19:15, pāthîl is used as an adjective to describe a container without a lid "bound" to it. Pathil - 11v - cord(6), cords(1), line(1), string(1), threads(1), tied down(1). Gen. 38:18; Gen. 38:25; Exod. 28:28; Exod. 28:37; Exod. 39:3; Exod. 39:21; Exod. 39:31; Num. 15:38; Num. 19:15; Jdg. 16:9; Ezek. 40: The Color Of Blue - The children of Israel were to make tassels on the corners of their garments with “a blue thread in the tassels” (Numbers 15:38). The tassels reminded them to “do all My commandments, and be holy for your God” (v.40). The blue thread—the color of the heavens above—spoke of His immeasurable power and saving grace. We still need reminders today. In the fuss and frenzy of our busy lives, we easily forget God and His passion for us. We forget that He lives within and around us and loves us with eternal affection. It helps to have something to signify His presence. Blue can be one of those signs. “The first step is to remember,” says Aslan in C. S. Lewis’ The Silver Chair. Aslan, a figure of Christ, tells Jill to “remember the signs” he has given her. When you see blue, think of God’s love, and especially His love for you. This is my Father’s world! He shines in all that’s fair; In the rustling grass I hear Him pass— He speaks to me everywhere. —Babcock G Campbell
Números 15
Guzik - "The offering of the ram and bull each needed progressively greater amounts of grain and wine to accompany them, because they were progressively bigger sacrifices." Numbers 15:10 and you shall offer as the drink offering one-half a hin of wine as an offering by fire, as a soothing aroma to the LORD. Nu 15:5 6:15 See Table of Levitical Offerings below Numbers 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries DRINK OFFERING and you shall offer as the drink offering one-half a hin of wine as an offering by fire, as a soothing aroma to the LORD - NLT = "and give two quarts of wine as a liquid offering. This will be a special gift, a pleasing aroma to the LORD." Soothing is a key word in Numbers 15 - Num 15:3, 7, 10, 13, 14, 24. Numbers 15:11 'Thus it shall be done for each ox, or for each ram, or for each of the male lambs, or of the goats. See Table of Levitical Offerings below Numbers 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Thus it shall be done for each ox, or for each ram, or for each of the male lambs, or of the goats - "Each sacrifice of a bull, ram, lamb, or young goat should be prepared in this way." (Nu 15:11NLT) Numbers 15:12 'According to the number that you prepare, so you shall do for everyone according to their number. Numbers 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries According to the number that you prepare, so you shall do for everyone according to their number - NLT (original version) = "Each of you must do this with each offering you present." Bush on according to the number. - That is, that proportionate to the number of bullocks, rams, sheep, or goats, should be the quantity of the meat-offering and drink-offering; for bread and wine ought to bear a due proportion to the meat set on the table. Numbers 15:13 'All who are native shall do these things in this manner, in presenting an offering by fire, as a soothing aroma to the LORD. Numbers 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries RULES APPLY TO ALL NATIVE ISRAELITES All who are native shall do these things in this manner - Native means "native Israelites," those who were born Israelites. The wording echoes the conclusion to the laws about observing the Passover in Ex 12:44–49+. Bush on All who are native - Heb. “Every native-born (Israelite).” This is clearly prospective, as the native-born of the country refers to those who should be born in Canaan and not in the wilderness. In presenting an offering by fire, as a soothing aroma to the LORD - NLT = "If you native Israelites want to present an offering by fire that is pleasing to the LORD, you must follow all these instructions." Soothing is a key word in Numbers 15 - Num 15:3, 7, 10, 13, 14, 24. Numbers 15:14 'If an alien sojourns with you, or one who may be among you throughout your generations, and he wishes to make an offering by fire, as a soothing aroma to the LORD, just as you do so he shall do. Numbers 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries RULES FOR STRANGERS OR FOREIGNERS If an alien sojourns with you, or one who may be among you throughout your generations, and he wishes to make an offering by fire, as a soothing aroma to the LORD, just as you do so he shall do. - NLT = "And if any foreigners living among you want to present an offering by fire, pleasing to the LORD, they must follow the same procedures." Strangers or foreigners could sacrifice only if and when they complied with all the points of the law, which made them Jewish proselytes (Nu 9:14). Bush on alien - Greek “If there be a proselyte (see word study of proselutos) among you in your land;” that is, the Gentile converted in whole or in part to the religion of Israel. or one who may be among you That is, a foreigner that shall be permanently settled among you in contradistinction to the temporary sojourner, who may still be a proselyte. throughout your generations That is, throughout your generations; in all succeeding ages. So also in v. 15. Just as you do - "In Exodus 12, a sojourner could join Israel in observing Passover if he and his household were circumcised, symbolizing their entrance into the Israelite community. The parallel language between Exod 12:49 and Num 15:16 is likely intended to evoke a connection between these passages with the implication that circumcision is also necessary for anyone who would offer sacrifice (see Gen 17:9–14)." (FLB)
Números 15
Guzik - Many today think and live as if an action is unintentional, it cannot be sin. But many of the worst sins are committed with the best of intentions. Intentions matter nothing when the result is sin. Especially in the 20th century, all sorts of horrific atrocities and terror have been committed by those dedicated to honorable causes; Communism sought to establish a just, fair economy where each worked according to his ability and received according to his need—and became the instrument of the genocide of tens of millions of people.. Today, in the church, many a gossip, many a talebearer, many a divisive person will claim the best of intentions. Even if we agree they have the right intentions, they still may be in grievous sin. The same applies for a myriad of other sins we are often ready to ignore or think lightly of, all on the basis of “after all, they had good intentions.” Numbers 15:23 even all that the LORD has commanded you through Moses, from the day when the LORD gave commandment and onward throughout your generations, NET Numbers 15:23 all that the LORD has commanded you by the authority of Moses, from the day that the LORD commanded Moses and continuing through your future generations– NLT Numbers 15:23 And suppose your descendants in the future fail to do everything the LORD has commanded through Moses. ESV Numbers 15:23 all that the LORD has commanded you by Moses, from the day that the LORD gave commandment, and onward throughout your generations, NIV Numbers 15:23 any of the LORD's commands to you through him, from the day the LORD gave them and continuing through the generations to come-- KJV Numbers 15:23 Even all that the LORD hath commanded you by the hand of Moses, from the day that the LORD commanded Moses, and henceforward among your generations; Numbers 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries even all that the LORD has commanded you through Moses from the day when the LORD gave commandment and onward throughout your generations - This would refer to the giving of the Law at Mt Sinai (Ex 19:16–20:21).. NLT = "And suppose your descendants in the future fail to do everything the LORD has commanded through Moses.: Numbers 15:24 then it shall be, if it is done unintentionally, without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one bull for a burnt offering, as a soothing aroma to the LORD, with its grain offering and its drink offering, according to the ordinance, and one male goat for a sin offering. NET Numbers 15:24 then if anything is done unintentionally without the knowledge of the community, the whole community must prepare one young bull for a burnt offering– for a pleasing aroma to the LORD– along with its grain offering and its customary drink offering, and one male goat for a purification offering. NLT Numbers 15:24 If the mistake was made unintentionally, and the community was unaware of it, the whole community must present a young bull for a burnt offering as a pleasing aroma to the LORD. It must be offered along with its prescribed grain offering and liquid offering and with one male goat for a sin offering. ESV Numbers 15:24 then if it was done unintentionally without the knowledge of the congregation, all the congregation shall offer one bull from the herd for a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD, with its grain offering and its drink offering, according to the rule, and one male goat for a sin offering. NIV Numbers 15:24 and if this is done unintentionally without the community being aware of it, then the whole community is to offer a young bull for a burnt offering as an aroma pleasing to the LORD, along with its prescribed grain offering and drink offering, and a male goat for a sin offering. KJV Numbers 15:24 Then it shall be, if ought be committed by ignorance without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bullock for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour unto the LORD, with his meat offering, and his drink offering, according to the manner, and one kid of the goats for a sin offering. if it is done unintentionally: Lev 4:13 with its grain offering and its drink offering: Nu 15:8-10 one kid: Nu 28:15 Lev 4:23 2Ch 29:21-24 Ezr 6:17 8:35 Numbers 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passage: Leviticus 4:13+ Now if the whole congregation of Israel commits error and the matter escapes the notice of the assembly, and they commit any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, and they become guilty; Bush comments on If the whole congregation sin. This probably refers to some oversight in acts of religious worship, or to some transgression of the letter of the law committed, not presumptuously, but heedlessly, as in the case mentioned 1 Sa 14:32; where, after smiting the Philistines, the Israelites ‘flew upon the spoil, and took sheep, and oxen, and calves, and slew them on the ground: and the people did eat them with the blood.’ This was a congregational sin. The sacrifices and rites in this case were the same as in the preceding; only here the elders laid their hands on the head of the victim, in the name of all the congregation....By ‘the matter escapes the notice of the assembly is meant that they were not for the present sensible of their error or transgression. The reference is to a case where they had ignorantly or inadvertently committed some act which they presumed at the time to be lawful, but which subsequent reflection or instruction convinced them was sinful. In this case, as soon as they came to a sense of their wrong-doing, the elders, or heads of the tribes, as the representatives of the whole body, were to bring a young bullock to the tabernacle and present it to the high-priest, who was to offer it by way of atonement for them, in the same manner and with the same circumstances, that he did the other for himself. Hebrews 9:7+ but into the second, only the high priest enters once a year, not without taking blood, which he offers for himself and for the sins of the people committed in ignorance. (= agnoema - to sin without knowing that one has sinned. The agnoemata, for which high priest offered sacrifice on great Day of Atonement, were not specifically willful transgressions or presumptuous sins, but sins of nation as whole.) WHEN THE ENTIRE NATION SINS then it shall be, if it is done unintentionally, without the knowledge of the congregation (Heb “[away] from the eyes of the community.”), Bush - Heb. “By error from the eyes of the congregation.” In like manner Lev. 4:13+, “If the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance, and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly,” where the subjoined Note (SEE THIS NOTE ABOVE UNDER RELATED PASSAGE) fully explains the phraseology. The reference is probably to some neglect on the part of one or more individuals, of the public services or ceremonies of religion, or some deviation from the prescribed statutes, occasioned either by the remissness of rulers, the misinterpretation of the laws, or the abounding iniquity of the times. that all the congregation shall offer one bull for a burnt offering - Bush - "It is worthy of remark that the Jewish writers generally understand this ordinance of strange worship which required to be expiated by the sacrifice of a bullock for a burnt-offering and a goat for a sin-offering. Outram (On Sacrifices, B. I. c. 14, §§ 1, 2) coincides in this opinion, and his remarks are well worthy of consideration:—“If my own opinion be required,—I would not be confident on so obscure a subject, but I am inclined to think that the bullock was to be offered, when the whole congregation of Israel, though in other respects retaining their own rites, and following the worship of the true God, yet led away by one common error, transgressed without knowing it, some prohibitory precept. The kid for a sin-offering, accompanied with a bullock for a burnt-offering, I apprehend to have been required when the people, neglecting their ancient rites and unmindful of the divine laws, which often happened under wicked kings, were generally seduced into strange worship. As the law seems to contemplate such a state of the nation, so perhaps it commands a holocaust to be offered in token of a return to their ancient worship and religion, and a sin-offering for the expiation of all the sins which had been committed in the substitution of idolatry for the worship of the true God. For this reason I suppose it was, and it is a circumstance which adds much probability to my opinion, that after the temple had been long shut, 2 Chr. 28:24, 29:3, the daily sacrifices discontinued, and many strange rites admitted by the people through ignorance, Hezekiah commanded bullocks to be immolated as burnt-offerings, and goats as sin-offerings for the whole nation, 2 Chr. 29:21–24. Thus also, the Jews who returned from Babylon into their own land, offered, after the rebuilding of the temple, and the restoration of their ancient worship, the same kinds of sacrifices for all Israel. It forms no objection, that whereas Moses commanded only one bullock and one goat, Hezekiah sacrificed seven, and the Jews who returned from exile, offered twelve of each kind of victims. This I suppose them to have done from a conviction that the smaller number was absolutely necessary, but that the larger number was better; Hezekiah choosing the number seven as an emblem of perfection; and the returned exiles fixing upon twelve in reference to the number of the tribes.” Comp. Ezra 8:35. as a soothing aroma to the LORD, with its grain offering and its drink offering - The grain and drink offerings were described in Nu 15:8-10. This was the requirement when the people as a group had sinned unintentionally. Numbers 15:24-26 deal primarily with corporate sins and Numbers 15:27-29 with individual sins. And remember that these instructions deal primarily with the time when Israel enters the promised land, not the time of wilderness wandering. Soothing is a key word in Numbers 15 - Nu 15:3, 7, 10, 13, 14, 24. NET NOTE - The idea of לִשְׁגָגָה (lishgagah) seems to be that of “inadvertence” or “without intent.” The text gives no indication of how this offense might be committed, or what it might include. It probably describes any transgressions done in ignorance of the Law that involved a violation of tabernacle procedure or priestly protocol or social misdemeanor. Even though it was done unintentionally, it was still a violation and called for ritual purification. according to the ordinance, and one male goat for a sin offering - Heb. “According to the judgment.” That is, according to the mode prescribed by the Lord, vs. 9, 10. Numbers 15:25 'Then the priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of the sons of Israel, and they will be forgiven; for it was an error, and they have brought their offering, an offering by fire to the LORD, and their sin offering before the LORD, for their error. NET Numbers 15:25 And the priest is to make atonement for the whole community of the Israelites, and they will be forgiven, because it was unintentional and they have brought their offering, an offering made by fire to the LORD, and their purification offering before the LORD, for their unintentional offense. NLT Numbers 15:25 With it the priest will purify the whole community of Israel, making them right with the LORD, and they will be forgiven. For it was an unintentional sin, and they have corrected it with their offerings to the LORD-- the special gift and the sin offering. ESV Numbers 15:25 And the priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of the people of Israel, and they shall be forgiven, because it was a mistake, and they have brought their offering, a food offering to the LORD, and their sin offering before the LORD for their mistake. NIV Numbers 15:25 The priest is to make atonement for the whole Israelite community, and they will be forgiven, for it was not intentional and they have brought to the LORD for their wrong an offering made by fire and a sin offering. KJV Numbers 15:25 And the priest shall make an atonement for all the congregation of the children of Israel, and it shall be forgiven them; for it is ignorance: and they shall bring their offering, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD, and their sin offering before the LORD, for their ignorance: the priest: Lev 4:20,26 Ro 3:25 1Jn 2:2 forgiven: Lu 23:34 Ac 13:39 Numbers 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passage: Acts 13:39+ and through Him everyone who believes is freed from all things, from which you could not be freed through the Law of Moses. FORGIVENESS OF THEIR SINS Then the priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of the sons of Israel, and they will be forgiven; for it was an error, and they have brought their offering, an offering by fire to the LORD, and their sin offering before the LORD, for their error - Note forgiveness was available but genuine forgiveness was only for those who brought their sacrifices by faith. The sacrifices per se did not give them forgiveness. God "covered" their sins when He saw the faith in their heart (cf Ro 3:25+, Heb 9:15+). God has never been interested in the external but primarily on the internal, on what is transpiring in one's heart (Ps 51:16-17+). That is the heart of forgiveness. And ultimately that forgiveness even in the Old Testament was not because of the blood of the animals but because of the blood of the Lamb of God (John 1:29+), who fulfilled all of these OT shadows that pointed to Him (cf Heb 10:1-18+). Innocent animals had to die to provide forgiveness, just as Jesus had to die to make our cleansing possible. -- Warren Wiersbe Bush - Several commentators suggest that “all the congregation” both here and in v. 26, may be rendered “every congregation,” and thus the law apply to the several tribes, cities, villages, and synagogues scattered throughout the land. This may perhaps be admitted, provided only we bear in mind that the appointed sacrifice was to be offered at the temple or wherever the centre of worship might be. Made atonement (03722)(kapar) means to make atonement, to make reconciliation (to reconcile), to purge, to make propitiation (to propitiate), to pacify, to cancel. The Septuagint uses the verb exilaskomai (from hilaskomai) which BDAG says means "When one endeavors to attain the goodwill of another, the word can be rendered appease." Exilaskomai is the Greek verb used to describe the scapegoat on the Day of Atonement who was "presented alive before the LORD, to make atonement upon it." (Lev 16:10+). Note that the verb is from the root hilaskomai "means to cause to be favorably inclined toward or favorably disposed toward another (as in Lk 18:13+). BDAG says it means "to eliminate impediments that alienate the deity, expiate, wipe out, of Christ as high priest" (He 2:17+) Hilaskomai means to be merciful, make reconciliation for, be propitious, gracious, to be favorably inclined." NET NOTE on make atonement - The verb is the Piel perfect with vav (ו) consecutive (וְכִפֶּר, vékhipper) to continue the instruction of the passage: “the priest shall make atonement,” meaning the priest is to make atonement for the sin (thus the present translation). This verb means “to expiate,” “to atone for,” “to pacify.” It describes the ritual events by which someone who was separated from the holy LORD God could find acceptance into his presence through the sacrificial blood of the substitutionary animal. See Lev 1 and Num 17:6–13. C H