1 Samuel 22

1 Samuel 22

Meyer - 1 Samuel 22:3 Till I know what God will do for me. We shall never get to the end of all that God will do for us, if only we perfectly give ourselves up to Him. David had a very imperfect vision of all that was in God’s plan for him; he had an inkling, but that was all. And we have still less. Yet let us recapitulate some of the things which God will do for us. He waits to give us the spirit of Sonship: so that we may ever be conscious of His Fatherhood, and look up into His face in the garden of Gethsemane, and on the Mount of Transfiguration alike, calling Him Abba, Father. He longs to lead us to full consecration; to lead us into such close association with Jesus in His redeeming purpose, that we may become His willing bond-servants, with no other purpose and aim in life than His service and glory. He desires to deliver us from all known sin: that we may be blameless and harmless, His children without rebuke in this sinful world, who walk before Him in holiness and righteousness all our days. He wants to anoint us with the Holy Spirit: so that our ministry to men may have more of the savor of Christ; may plough deeper furrows in human hearts; may have more abiding results. He desires us to come into partnership with His Son— here in His redemptive purpose, yonder in His throne. To this indeed He calls us. Who can know all that God waits to do, not here only, but yonder, when life has entered upon its eternal stage! “Now are we children of God; and it is not yet made manifest what we shall be” (1 John 3:2, R. V.). 1 Samuel 22:4 Then he left them with the king of Moab; and they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold. BGT 1 Samuel 22:4 καὶ παρεκάλεσεν τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ βασιλέως Μωαβ καὶ κατῴκουν μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ὄντος τοῦ Δαυιδ ἐν τῇ περιοχῇ LXE 1 Samuel 22:4 And he persuaded the King of Moab, and they dwell with him continually, while David was in the hold. KJV 1 Samuel 22:4 And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold. NET 1 Samuel 22:4 So he had them stay with the king of Moab; they stayed with him the whole time that David was in the stronghold. CSB 1 Samuel 22:4 So he left them in the care of the king of Moab, and they stayed with him the whole time David was in the stronghold. ESV 1 Samuel 22:4 And he left them with the king of Moab, and they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold. NIV 1 Samuel 22:4 So he left them with the king of Moab, and they stayed with him as long as David was in the stronghold. NLT 1 Samuel 22:4 So David's parents stayed in Moab with the king during the entire time David was living in his stronghold. NRS 1 Samuel 22:4 He left them with the king of Moab, and they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold. NJB 1 Samuel 22:4 He left them with the king of Moab and there they stayed all the time that David was in the stronghold. NAB 1 Samuel 22:4 He left them with the king of Moab, and they stayed with him as long as David remained in the refuge. YLT 1 Samuel 22:4 and he leadeth them before the king of Moab, and they dwell with him all the days of David's being in the fortress. GWN 1 Samuel 22:4 He brought them to the king of Moab, and they stayed with him as long as David was living in his fortified camp. in the hold: 2Sa 23:13,14 1Ch 12:16, Gad, 2Sa 24:11 1Ch 21:9 29:29 2Ch 29:25, depart, 1Sa 23:1-6 Ne 6:11 Ps 11:1 Isa 8:12-14, David departed, Mt 10:23 1 Samuel 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: 1 Chronicles 12:8-18 From the Gadites there came over to David in the stronghold (metsad) in the wilderness (midbār), mighty (gibbor) men of valor (chayil), men trained for war, who could handle shield and spear, and whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the gazelles on the mountains. 9 Ezer was the first, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third, 10 Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, 11 Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh, 12 Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth, 13 Jeremiah the tenth, Machbannai the eleventh. 14These of the sons of Gad were captains of the army; he who was least was equal to a hundred and the greatest to a thousand. 15 These are the ones who crossed the Jordan in the first month when it was overflowing all its banks and they put to flight all those in the valleys, both to the east and to the west. 16 Then some of the sons of Benjamin and Judah came to the stronghold to David. 17 David went out to meet them, and said to them, “If you come peacefully to me to help me, my heart shall be united with you; but if to betray me to my adversaries, since there is no wrong in my hands, may the God of our fathers look on it and decide.” 18 Then the Spirit came upon Amasai, who was the chief of the thirty, and he said, “We are yours, O David, And with you, O son of Jesse! Peace, peace to you, And peace to him who helps you; Indeed, your God helps you!” Then David received them and made them captains of the band. PARENTS REMAIN IN MOAB FOR THE DURATION Then - Marks progression in the narrative. he left them with the king of Moab; and they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold (mesudah/mesuda) - Presumably they remained in Moab for the 10-12 years David was a fugitive from Saul, for they certainly would not have been safe while Saul was still living and reigning. Laney has an interesting that "Returning from Moab, David spent some time at the stronghold transliterated 'Mesudah' (ED: HEBREW FOR "STRONGHOLD" = Metsudah) This may refer to Masada, the mountain fortress towering 1,320 feet above the shores of the Dead Sea." (Borrow First and Second Samuel) F. B. Meyer speaks of this act of David by saying, "We need now enlarge on David's filial love which traversed the entire distance from Adullam to Moab to secure an asylum for his father and mother who are probably too aged to stand the hardships and dangers of his fugitive life. Suffice it to say, that his petition was readily granted by the king of Moab, perhaps on account of some pride in the Moabite blood that flowed in the veins of the young Hebrew warrior. But that double journey, first to secure the shelter, and then to escort the aged couple thither, evinces a pleasing trait in David's character. There was no lack of obedience to the first commandment with promise. It is, however, with the cave and the more motley group of his adherents that we have now to do." Stronghold (fortress)(04686)(mesudah/mesuda from tsud = to hunt) means a fastness, stronghold. Mesudah (mesuda) refers to a wilderness or mountainous places for hiding, defense, and gathering supplies for battle (1Sa 22:4, 5; 24:22) especially David's city when he captured the "stronghold of Zion" (2Sa 5:7, 9). Job 39:28 gives us a good word picture of the meaning of this word describing the home of the eagle "On the cliff he dwells and lodges, Upon the rocky crag, an inaccessible place (mesudah)." John Hartley adds "Apparently related to meṣād which means "mountain-height" or "summit"; then "fortress, castle" (Arabic maṣādun) so Masada, the fortress-palace plateau of Herod near the Dead Sea. In the rocky crag the eagle makes his stronghold (Job 39:28). But man erects his fortress out of stone or brick to protect himself from external dangers. Nevertheless with great strategy a stronghold may be taken; e.g. David captured the stronghold of Zion (2 Samuel 5:7). For the believer, especially David, God himself was the stronghold in whom he trusted throughout his trials (Psalm 18:2 [H 3]; Psalm 91:2)." (online TWOT ) Gilbrant - Related to the more common masculine noun, mātsôdh "net," "snare," this feminine noun is derived from the verb tsûdh, "to hunt." It is used figuratively to depict the judgment of the Lord in Ezekiel (Ezek 12:13; 17:20). The word is also translated "prey," i.e., that which has been taken by the net. In ch. 13, the Lord brings a strong rebuke through Ezekiel to the false prophets of Israel. Ezek 13:20 says, "I am against your pillows, wherewith you there hunt the souls to make them fly." The promise follows, "They will no longer fall prey to your power. Then you will know that I am the Lord" (Ezek 13:21NIV). (Complete Biblical Library) Metsudah - 17x - fortress(6), inaccessible place(1), stronghold(10). 1 Sam. 22:4; 1 Sam. 22:5; 1 Sam. 24:22; 2 Sam. 5:7; 2 Sam. 5:9; 2 Sam. 5:17; 2 Sam. 22:2; 2 Sam. 23:14; 1 Chr. 11:5; 1 Chr. 11:16; Job 19:6; Job 39:28; Ps. 18:2; Ps. 31:2; Ps. 31:3; Ps. 66:11; Ps. 71:3; Ps. 91:2; Ps. 144:2; Ezek. 12:13; Ezek. 13:21; Ezek. 17:20 1 Samuel 22:5 The prophet Gad said to David, "Do not stay in the stronghold; depart, and go into the land of Judah." So David departed and went into the forest of Hereth. BGT 1 Samuel 22:5 καὶ εἶπεν Γαδ ὁ προφήτης πρὸς Δαυιδ μὴ κάθου ἐν τῇ περιοχῇ πορεύου καὶ ἥξεις εἰς γῆν Ιουδα καὶ ἐπορεύθη Δαυιδ καὶ ἦλθεν καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐν πόλει Σαριχ LXE 1 Samuel 22:5 And Gad the prophet said to David, Dwell not in the hold: go, and thou shalt enter the land of Juda. So David went, and came and dwelt in the city of Saric. KJV 1 Samuel 22:5 And the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah. Then David departed, and came into the forest of Hareth. NET 1 Samuel 22:5 Then Gad the prophet said to David, "Don't stay in the stronghold. Go to the land of Judah." So David left and went to the forest of Hereth. CSB 1 Samuel 22:5 Then the prophet Gad said to David, "Don't stay in the stronghold. Leave and return to the land of Judah." So David left and went to the forest of Hereth. ESV 1 Samuel 22:5 Then the prophet Gad said to David, "Do not remain in the stronghold; depart, and go into the land of Judah." So David departed and went into the forest of Hereth. NIV 1 Samuel 22:5 But the prophet Gad said to David, "Do not stay in the stronghold. Go into the land of Judah." So David left and went to the forest of Hereth. NLT 1 Samuel 22:5 One day the prophet Gad told David, "Leave the stronghold and return to the land of Judah." So David went to the forest of Hereth. NRS 1 Samuel 22:5 Then the prophet Gad said to David, "Do not remain in the stronghold; leave, and go into the land of Judah." So David left, and went into the forest of Hereth. NJB 1 Samuel 22:5 The prophet Gad, however, said to David, 'Do not stay in the stronghold; leave and make your way into the territory of Judah.' David then left and went to the forest of Hereth. NAB 1 Samuel 22:5 But the prophet Gad said to David: "Do not remain in the refuge. Leave, and go to the land of Judah." And so David left and went to the forest of Hereth. YLT 1 Samuel 22:5 And Gad the prophet saith unto David, 'Thou dost not abide in a fortress, go, and thou hast entered for thee the land of Judah;' and David goeth and entereth the forest of Hareth. GWN 1 Samuel 22:5 "Don't live in your fortified camp," the prophet Gad told David. "Go to the land of Judah." So David went to the forest of Hereth. 1 Samuel 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries GOD'S MAN GOD GIVES DAVID ADVICE The prophet Gad said to David, "Do not stay in the stronghold; depart, and go into the land of Judah." - In 2Sa 24:11 Gad is call "David's seer" and probably functioned as David's prophet. Roe: How will David ever learn to trust God with all his heart, to be a man after God's own heart, if he is safe in his stronghold at Adullam where his safety is tied to a physical relationship of hiding in a cave with his 400 men instead of a spiritual one of simply trusting God in time of danger? So, God deliberately sends him back into Judah where there is risk. The Christian life is a life of risk taking. It is called "faith." Faith is when you step out and act like you believe that what God says is true, even when you do not see how it is ever going to work out. So, David is called to go back into Judah and become a man of faith. John Davis - In this hour of flight and confusion, David was approached by the prophet Gad, who must have been a welcome sight. It is entirely possible that Samuel had sent this prophet to join David and to give him spiritual counsel. This prophet had a long career with David (2 Sam. 24:11, 19), and along with Nathan, the prophet, was one of the compilers of David’s biography (1Ch 29:29). (Borrow The Birth of a Kingdom : Studies in I-II Samuel and I Kings 1-11) Winter asks the question, "Who was the prophet Gad? The prophet had probably come to David from Samuel's school of the prophets, but whether he remained with David from that time forward to assist him with his counsel in his undertakings cannot be determined. In the last year of David's reign, he announced to him the punishment which would fall upon him from God on account of his sin in numbering the people; and he also wrote the acts of David (1 Chron. 29:29)." So David departed and went into the forest of Hereth - See #9 on map for Hereth's possible location northwest of Hebron on the edge of the mountain district.. Gad spoke for God and to obey Gad was to obey Gad. NAVES Topic - Gad A prophet of David, 2 Sam. 24:11. Bids David leave Adullam, 1 Sam. 22:5. Bears the divine message to David offering choice between three evils, for his presumption in numbering Israel, 2 Sam. 24:11-14; 1 Chr. 21:9-13. Bids David build an altar on threshing floor of Ornan, 2 Sam. 24:18, 19; 1 Chr. 21:18, 19. Assists David in arranging temple service, 2 Chr. 29:25. Writings of, 1 Chr. 29:29. 1 Samuel 22:6 Then Saul heard that David and the men who were with him had been discovered. Now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk tree on the height with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing around him. BGT 1 Samuel 22:6 καὶ ἤκουσεν Σαουλ ὅτι ἔγνωσται Δαυιδ καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ Σαουλ ἐκάθητο ἐν τῷ βουνῷ ὑπὸ τὴν ἄρουραν τὴν ἐν Ραμα καὶ τὸ δόρυ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντες οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ παρειστήκεισαν αὐτῷ LXE 1 Samuel 22:6 And Saul heard that David was discovered, and his men with him: now Saul dwelt in the hill below the field that is in Rama, and his spear was in his hand, and all his servants stood near him. KJV 1 Samuel 22:6 When Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him, (now Saul abode in Gibeah under a tree in Ramah, having his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him;) NET 1 Samuel 22:6 But Saul found out the whereabouts of David and the men who were with him. Now Saul was sitting at Gibeah under the tamarisk tree at an elevated location with his spear in hand and all his servants stationed around him. CSB 1 Samuel 22:6 Saul heard that David and his men had been discovered. At that time Saul was in Gibeah, sitting under the tamarisk tree at the high place. His spear was in his hand, and all his servants were standing around him. ESV 1 Samuel 22:6 Now Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men who were with him. Saul was sitting at Gibeah under the tamarisk tree on the height with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him. NIV 1 Samuel 22:6 Now Saul heard that David and his men had been discovered. And Saul, spear in hand, was seated under the tamarisk tree on the hill at Gibeah, with all his officials standing around him. NLT 1 Samuel 22:6 The news of his arrival in Judah soon reached Saul. At the time, the king was sitting beneath the tamarisk tree on the hill at Gibeah, holding his spear and surrounded by his officers. NRS 1 Samuel 22:6 Saul heard that David and those who were with him had been located. Saul was sitting at Gibeah, under the tamarisk tree on the height, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing around him. NJB 1 Samuel 22:6 When Saul heard that David and the men with him had been discovered, Saul was at Gibeah, seated under the tamarisk on the high place, spear in hand, with all his staff standing round him. NAB 1 Samuel 22:6 Now Saul heard that David and his men had been located. At the time he was sitting in Gibeah under a tamarisk tree on the high place, holding his spear, while all his servants were standing by. YLT 1 Samuel 22:6 And Saul heareth that David hath become known, and the men who are with him, and Saul is abiding in Gibeah, under the grove in Ramah, and his spear is in his hand, and all his servants standing by him. GWN 1 Samuel 22:6 Saul heard that David and his men had been found. Saul was staying in Gibeah under the tamarisk tree at the worship site with his spear in his hand and all his officials standing around him. spear: 1Sa 18:10 19:9 20:33 1 Samuel 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries SAUL RECEIVES REPORT OF A "DAVID SPOTTING" Then Saul heard that David and the men who were with him had been discovered - Saul surely has spies throughout the land and here he receives a report of a David spotting. Now Saul was sitting in Gibeah, under the tamarisk tree on the height with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing around him - Think about this picture of Saul. Relaxing but NOT! It would be difficult to relax with a spear in your hand (not just by his side). This man is insecure, paranoid and worried. Brian Bell - When you can’t challenge your men to a holy cause, you resort to: Worry(6); Bribery(7); Sympathy(8); Spying(9); even Murder(11-19) just to let people know you’re in charge! Worry is like a rocking chair, it gives you something to do, but doesn’t get you anywhere. (1) Worry pulls tomorrow’s cloud over today’s sunshine. (2) Worry is wasting today’s time, to clutter up tomorrow’s opportunities, with yesterday’s troubles. (3) Worry often gives a small thing a big shadow. - Swedish proverb (4) God is a help in trouble. In worry...you’re on your own! Illustration: There is a fable of an eagle which could outfly another, and the other didn’t like it. The latter saw a sportsman one day, and said to him: “I wish you would bring down that eagle.” The sportsman replied that he would if he only had some feathers to put into the arrow. So the eagle pulled 1 out of his wing. The arrow was shot, but didn’t quite reach the rival eagle; it was flying too high. The envious eagle pulled out more feathers, and kept pulling them out until he lost so many that he couldn’t fly, and then the sportsman turned around and killed him. The moral lesson: If you are jealous, the only man you can hurt is yourself! 1 Samuel 22:7 Saul said to his servants who stood around him, "Hear now, O Benjamites! Will the son of Jesse also give to all of you fields and vineyards? Will he make you all commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds? BGT 1 Samuel 22:7 καὶ εἶπεν Σαουλ πρὸς τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ τοὺς παρεστηκότας αὐτῷ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ἀκούσατε δή υἱοὶ Βενιαμιν εἰ ἀληθῶς πᾶσιν ὑμῖν δώσει ὁ υἱὸς Ιεσσαι ἀγροὺς καὶ ἀμπελῶνας καὶ πάντας ὑμᾶς τάξει ἑκατοντάρχους καὶ χιλιάρχους LXE 1 Samuel 22:7 And Saul said to his servants that stood by him, Hear now, ye sons of Benjamin, will the son of Jessae indeed give all of you fields and vineyards, and will he make you all captains of hundreds and captains of thousands? KJV 1 Samuel 22:7 Then Saul said unto his servants that stood about him, Hear now, ye Benjamites; will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards, and make you all captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds; NET 1 Samuel 22:7 Saul said to his servants who were stationed around him, "Listen up, you Benjaminites! Is Jesse's son giving fields and vineyards to all of you? Or is he making all of you commanders and officers? CSB 1 Samuel 22:7 Saul said to his servants, "Listen, men of Benjamin: Is Jesse's son going to give all of you fields and vineyards? Do you think he'll make all of you commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds? ESV 1 Samuel 22:7 And Saul said to his servants who stood about him, "Hear now, people of Benjamin; will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards, will he make you all commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds, NIV 1 Samuel 22:7 Saul said to them, "Listen, men of Benjamin! Will the son of Jesse give all of you fields and vineyards? Will he make all of you commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds? NLT 1 Samuel 22:7 "Listen here, you men of Benjamin!" Saul shouted to his officers when he heard the news. "Has that son of Jesse promised every one of you fields and vineyards? Has he promised to make you all generals and captains in his army? NRS 1 Samuel 22:7 Saul said to his servants who stood around him, "Hear now, you Benjaminites; will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards, will he make you all commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds? NJB 1 Samuel 22:7 'Listen, Benjaminites!' said Saul to them, 'Is the son of Jesse going to give you all fields and vineyards and make all of you commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds NAB 1 Samuel 22:7 So he said to them: "Listen, men of Benjamin! Will the son of Jesse give all of you fields and vineyards? Will he make each of you an officer over a thousand or a hundred men, YLT 1 Samuel 22:7 And Saul saith to his servants who are standing by him, 'Hear, I pray you, ye Benjamites; also to all of you doth the son of Jesse give fields and vineyards! all of you he doth appoint heads of thousands and heads of hundreds! the son of Jesse: 1Sa 22:9,13 18:14 20:27,30 25:10 2Sa 20:1 1Ki 12:16 Isa 11:1,10 give: 1Sa 8:14,15 captains: 1Sa 8:11,12 1 Samuel 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries SAUL PLAYING POLITICS WITH THE PEOPLE Saul said to his servants who stood around him, "Hear now, O Benjamites! Will the son of Jesse also give to all of you fields and vineyards? - Saul doesn't even use David's name showing his disdain.