1 Crônicas 11
G. Campbell Morgan · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Crônicas 11
Morgan - They anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the Lord, by the hand of Samuel.-1 Chr 11.3 We now come to the particular period of history with which this book is concerned, that, namely, of the reign of David. It was undoubtedly in many ways the greatest time in the kingdom of Israel, using the word, kingdom, in its lower sense of describing the monarchy, rather than the theocracy. It is significant that the chronicler makes no reference to the seven years in which David reigned over Judah. He begins with the crowning at Hebron, when all Israel acknowledged his kingship. There may be two reasons for this. First, it is evident that the history is written from the standpoint of David's greatness, and therefore the years of the partial reign are omitted. Second, it was' in connection with his crowning as king of the complete nation, that the activity of David concerning the ark and the Temple commenced and in the view of this writer these were the central things in the national life. The people for forty years had been under a king "like the nations" in Saul. Then for seven years there had been a divided kingdom. Now, over the united kingdom David, "the man after God's own heart," was to reign. The kingship of God was to be represented to them through this man, at once a statesman, a warrior, a poet, and a man of faith. His imperfections are patent; and also is his failure to represent that Divine kingship faithfully. Nevertheless, it was a wonderful period, during which the whole nation came nearer to the true ideal than at any other time in the monarchy. (Borrow Life applications from every chapter of the Bible) Related Resources: Covenant: Summary Table Covenant: The Exchange of Robes Covenant: The Exchange of Armor and Belts Covenant: Solemn and Binding Covenant: A Walk Into Death Covenant: The Oneness of Covenant Covenant: Oneness Notes Covenant: Withholding Nothing from God Covenant: Abrahamic versus Mosaic Covenant: New Covenant in the Old Testament Covenant: Why the New is Better Covenant: Abrahamic vs Old vs New 1 Chronicles 11:4 Then David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus); and the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, were there. PARALLEL - 2 Samuel 5:6a Now the king and his men went to Jerusalem against the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land... See commentary for more detail See commentary for more detail David: 2Sa 5:6-10 Jebus: 1Ch 11:5 Jos 15:63 18:28, Jebusi, Jdg 1:21 19:10-12 the inhabitants: Ge 10:16 15:21 Ex 3:17 Related Passages: Judges 1:8 Then the sons of Judah fought against Jerusalem and captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword and set the city on fire. (THIS CAPTURE PROVED TO BE ONLY TEMPORARY AS SHOWN IN PASSAGE BELOW). Judges 1:21 But the sons of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites who lived in Jerusalem; so the Jebusites have lived with the sons of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this day. Joshua 15:63 Now as for the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the sons of Judah could not drive them out; so the Jebusites live with the sons of Judah at Jerusalem until this day. DAVID SETS HIS SIGHTS ON JERUSALEM Then - When? After the cutting of the solemn binding covenant. David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus); and the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, were there - Note 2Sa 5:6 adds the king and his men (mighty men, warriors) went against the Jebusites -- indicating that David was not just making a "social call!" Jerusalem or Jebus was a small Canaanite city in the center of Israel and some 400 years after God had commanded Israel to take the whole land Jebus was still in Canaanite hands. This is probably because of its location, which made Jebus easy to defend and in turn made the Jebusites arrogant and overconfident! (cf 1Cor 10:12!) QUESTION - Who were the Jebusites? ANSWER - When God promised to give Abraham a land for his descendants, it was described as being inhabited by many tribes, including the Jebusites (Genesis 15:18–21). Who were these people, and where did they come from? According to the Table of Nations in Genesis 10, the Jebusites were descended from Noah’s son Ham, through his son Canaan. They were one of the Amorite tribes who were placed under judgment by God for their wickedness (Genesis 15:16). God described their pagan worship as abominable practices (Deuteronomy 20:18), which may have included child sacrifice. As a result of that judgment, God told the Israelites to exterminate all of the Amorite tribes when they came into the land. The Israelites were also forbidden to intermarry with them, so the Jebusites would not pass on their pagan practices. The Jebusites dwelt in the hill country, with Jerusalem as one of their key cities (Numbers 13:29; Judges 19:10–11). The Jebusites’ name for “Jerusalem” was “Jebus,” and it retained that name until the time of King David (1 Chronicles 11:4–5). During the time of Joshua, the Jebusite king Adoni-zedek joined with four other Amorite kings to attack the Israelites at Gibeon (Joshua 10:5), but he was defeated and put to death. Later, the Jebusites joined with Jabin, king of Hazor, in a pitched battle against the Israelites, but they were also defeated by Joshua’s army (Joshua 11:3). Despite these defeats, the Jebusites continued to live in the hill country around Jerusalem for many generations. During the time of the judges, some Israelites began to intermarry with the Jebusites, causing God to bring judgment on the nation (Judges 3:5). When David became king of Israel, he attacked the Jebusites of Jerusalem (2 Samuel 5:6) and conquered the city, which then became known as the City of David. Apparently, David granted terms of peace with the remaining Jebusites, because he made a friendly deal with Araunah the Jebusite to purchase land for building the temple (2 Samuel 24:18–25). The Jebusites remained subjugated to Israel and were part of the forced labor Solomon later used for his building projects. Though they were allowed to live among the Israelites, the Jebusites and other Amorite tribes maintained their distinctive ways and thus became a continuing snare to the people of Israel. When Ezra the priest led a revival among the Jews who returned from the Babylonian captivity, he had to deal with the issue of intermarriage with Jebusites and others (Ezra 9:1). Ezra commanded the men of Israel to confess their sins and put away their pagan wives so that God would take away His wrath. After this, the Jebusites disappear from history; likely, they were absorbed into the other Gentile peoples who lived in the land of Israel. An extra-biblical reference to the Jebusites may be contained in one of the tablets discovered at Mari, in modern-day Syria. One cuneiform tablet mentions a people called the “Yabusiim,” which could very well be a reference to the Jebusites. GotQuestions.org NAVE'S SUMMARY OF JEBUSITES One of the tribes of Canaan, Deut. 7:1 "When the LORD your God brings you into the land where you are entering to possess it, and clears away many nations before you, the Hittites and the Girgashites and the Amorites and the Canaanites and the Perizzites and the Hivites and the Jebusites, seven nations greater and stronger than you" Land of, given to Abraham and his descendants, Ge 15:21; Ex. 3:8, 17; Ex 23:23, 24; Deut. 20:17 = "But you shall utterly destroy them, the Hittite and the Amorite, the Canaanite and the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite, as the LORD your God has commanded you." Ex. 33:2; 34:10, 11. Conquered by Joshua, Josh 10-12; Josh 24:11; Conquered by David, 2 Sam. 5:6-9. Jerusalem within the territory of, Josh. 18:28. Not exterminated, but intermarry with the Israelites, Jdg. 3:5, 6; Ezra 9:1-2; Ezra 10:18-44. Pay tribute to Solomon, 1Ki 9:20, 21. Jebusites (yebusi) - 41x/39v - Ge 10:15-16 - Canaan became the father of Sidon, his firstborn, and Heth 16 and the Jebusite and the Amorite and the Girgashite ; Gen. 15:21; Exod. 3:8; Exod. 3:17; Exod. 13:5; Exod. 23:23; Exod. 33:2; Exod. 34:11; Num. 13:29; Deut. 7:1; Deut. 20:17; Jos. 3:10; Jos. 9:1; Jos. 11:3; Jos. 12:8; Jos. 15:8; Jos. 15:63; Jos. 18:16; Jos. 18:28; Jos. 24:11; Jdg. 1:21; Jdg. 3:5; Jdg. 19:11; 2 Sam. 5:6; 2 Sam. 5:8; 2 Sam. 24:16; 2 Sam. 24:18; 1 Ki. 9:20; 1 Chr. 1:14; 1 Chr. 11:4; 1 Chr. 11:6; 1 Chr. 21:15; 1 Chr. 21:18; 1 Chr. 21:28; 2 Chr. 3:1; 2 Chr. 8:7; Ezr. 9:1; Neh. 9:8; Zech. 9:7 Jerusalem. The city is strategically located along an east-west road that runs from the fords of the Jordan near Jericho to the coastal highway. It is also by the most significant north-south road that runs through the hill country from Beersheba to Beth Shan. Its location is also strategic because of its position by the border between Judah and Benjamin. The deep valleys on the east and west of the ridge and the reliable water supply found at the Gihon spring combined to make the location defensible and desirable. The earliest reference to Jerusalem is in the Egyptian execration texts from early in the second millennium B.C., where its kings are named Yaqirammu and Shayzanu. The next reference is found in six letters in the Amarna texts from Abdi-Heba, king of Jerusalem, to the pharaoh requesting military support. Jerusalem was one of the key cities in the region and in the Amarna period was competing with Shechem for control of the hill country. Jerusalem was defeated by the Israelite armies at the time of the conquest, but the inhabitants had not been driven out and it had not been occupied by the Israelites (Judg 1:21). The city of Jerusalem in this period occupied only the north-south ridge covering about ten acres that runs south of the modern city walls. The top of the ridge is only about four hundred feet wide and about fifteen hundred feet long. The population would not have exceeded one thousand. The Canaanite city was built on an artificial platform that was supported by a series of terraces. Archaeologists have uncovered a stepped stone structure over fifty feet tall at the northeast corner of this ridge. This was most likely the platform for the Jebusite citadel referred to in verse 7, and was enhanced by David for use as the foundation of his palace built in verse 11. The city was surrounded by a ten-footthick wall that had first been built over eight hundred years earlier. There is little else that archaeologists have found in the city that is attributable to the time of David. (see IVP Background Commentary)
1 Crônicas 11
Morgan - More than all his victories against outside foes, the influence of his life and character on the men nearest to him testify to his essential greatness. Note how the writer of Chronicles completely omits the account of Abner killing Asahel and starting a family feud between Joab and Abner, recorded in 2 Samuel 2-3+. Believer's Study Bible - (vv. 26-47) Cf. 2 Sam. 23:8-39. Sixteen names are listed following Uriah the Hittite (vv. 41-47) which are not in Samuel. Perhaps this is because the integrity of "the thirty" was maintained by the addition of others to replace valiant heroes as they were lost to the group. What the Bible teaches – 1 Chronicles and 2 Chronicles - The rest of the chapter lists the names of others who may not have achieved the fame of those formerly mentioned, but whose loyalty to David was unquestioned. Most of them were unknowns as far as we are concerned, but acknowledged by David and noted by God. This must be an encouragement for those who may never have sought the limelight, but whose quiet consistent service for their Lord has not gone unnoticed in heaven. As Thomas Gray reflected on life's illustrious nonentities, he wrote his oft-quoted words: Full many a gem of purest ray serene The dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear: Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness on the desert air. Taking God into account, these sentiments can never be true. His all-seeing eye appreciates the sterling character and noble deeds of those who are devoted to Him, and "a book of remembrance (is) written before him" (Mal 3:16). 1 Chronicles 11:27 Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, Shammoth (KJV): Shammah, Shammoth, and as it is in ch. 27:8, Shamhuth, having all the same signification, appear to have been deemed perfectly interchangeable, and accordingly used indifferently. 2Sa 23:25 Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite - In 2 Sam. 23:26 he is called "Paltite." 1 Chronicles 11:28 Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite, Ira (KJV): 1Ch 27:9 Antothite (KJV): This variation springs simply from the points; the word being written [Anthothiy <Strong's H6069>,] {Anethothite} in Samuel, and here [Annethowthiy <Strong's H6069>,] {Antothite.} 1Ch 27:12 2Sa 23:27, Anethothite Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite, 1 Chronicles 11:29 Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite, Sibbecai (KJV): 1Ch 27:11 2Sa 23:27,28, Mebunnai, Zalmon Ahohite (KJV): 1Ch 11:12 Sibbecai the Hushathite, In 2 Sam. 23:27 he is called "Mebunnai." Ilai the Ahohite, In 2 Sam. 23:28 he is called "Zalmon." 1 Chronicles 11:30 Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite, Maharai (KJV): 1Ch 27:13 Heled (KJV): Heleb seems evidently a mistake for Heled, which is essentially the same with Heldai, the latter merely having a paragogic [Yowd,] {yood.} 1Ch 27:15, Heldai, 2Sa 23:29, Heleb Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite, 1 Chronicles 11:31 Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the sons of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite, Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the sons of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,NET Note - The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:29 has the variant spelling “Ittai. 1 Chronicles 11:32 Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite, Hurai (KJV): 2Sa 23:30, Hiddai Abiel (KJV): 2Sa 23:31, Abi-albon Hurai of the brooks of Gaash In 2 Sam. 23:30 he is called "Hiddai." Abiel the Arbathite, In 2 Sam. 23:31 he is called "Abialbon." 1 Chronicles 11:33 Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite, Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite, 1 Chronicles 11:34 the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite, Hashem (KJV): 2Sa 23:32,33, Jashen the sons of Hashem the Gizonite, In 2 Sam. 23:32 he is called "Jashen" (also LXX). Jonathan the son of Shagee the Hararite, 1 Chronicles 11:35 Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur, Sacar (KJV): 2Sa 23:33, Sharar Eliphal (KJV): 2Sa 23:34, Eliphelet, Ahasbai Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, In 2 Sam. 23:35 he is called "Sharar." Eliphal the son of Ur, 1 Chronicles 11:36 Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite, Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite, 1 Chronicles 11:37 Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai, Hezro (KJV): 2Sa 23:35, Hezrai, Paarai the Arbite Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai, In 2 Sam. 23:35 he is called "Paarai the Arbite." 1 Chronicles 11:38 Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Hagri, Joel (KJV): 2Sa 23:36, Igal the son of Nathan the son of Haggeri (KJV): or, the Hagerite Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Hagri 1 Chronicles 11:39 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armor bearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah, Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armor bearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah, 1 Chronicles 11:40 Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, Ithrite (KJV): 2Sa 20:26, Jairite Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, 1 Chronicles 11:41 Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai, Uriah (KJV): 2Sa 11:6-27 23:39 Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai, Uriah - see dictionary articles.