Deuteronômio 1
G. Campbell Morgan · Citado em PreceptAustin
Deuteronômio 1
Morgan - To Their Descendants For a hundred years before the establishment of the modern state of Israel, Christians worked alongside Jews in advancing Zionism, but nothing created more sympathy for the rebirth of the Jewish nation than reports emerging after World War II of the Holocaust. Still, President Harry Truman, aware of impending Arab-Israeli conflict, was reluctant to recognize the new state. On May 12, 1948, several advisors gathered with him to discuss the issue. Secretary of State George C. Marshall was against recognition, warning that the Jews faced war on every side. But to Marshall’s dismay, Clark Clifford, Truman’s political advisor, urged the president to recognize Israel at once. “I don’t even know why Clifford is here,” Marshall grumbled. “This is not a political meeting.” “He is here,” Truman said, “because I asked him.” Clifford made his case calmly and persuasively. He reminded the men of the 6 million Jews murdered by the Nazis, and of the survivors with nowhere to go. A separate Jewish state was inevitable, Clifford said. And then he quoted Deuteronomy 1:8—See, I have set the land before you; go in and possess the land which the Lord swore to your fathers—to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—to give to them and their descendants after them. Marshall became so angry he threatened to vote against Truman in the next election, bringing the meeting to an icy close. But two days later, the nation of Israel was born, and President Harry Truman became the first head of state to afford it official recognition. Later, when Israel’s Chief Rabbi, Isaac Herzog, visited the White House, he told Truman, “God put you in your mother’s womb so that you would be the instrument to bring the rebirth of Israel after 2000 years.” “I thought he was overdoing things,” said an observer, “but when I looked over at the president, tears were running down his cheeks.” (From this Verse) Deuteronomy 1:9 "I spoke to you at that time, saying, 'I am not able to bear the burden of you alone. I am not: Ex 18:18 Nu 11:11-14,17 Deuteronomy 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passage: Exodus 18:13-26+ It came about the next day that Moses sat to judge the people, and the people stood about Moses from the morning until the evening. 14 Now when Moses’ father-in-law (JETHRO) saw all that he was doing for the people, he said, “What is this thing that you are doing for the people? Why do you alone sit as judge and all the people stand about you from morning until evening?” 15 Moses said to his father-in-law, “Because the people come to me to inquire of God. 16“When they have a dispute, it comes to me, and I judge between a man and his neighbor and make known the statutes of God and His laws.” 17 Moses’ father-in-law said to him, “The thing that you are doing is not good. 18“You will surely wear out, both yourself and these people who are with you, for the task is too heavy for you; you cannot do it alone. 19“Now listen to me: I will give you counsel, and God be with you. You be the people’s representative before God, and you bring the disputes to God, 20 then teach them the statutes and the laws, and make known to them the way in which they are to walk and the work they are to do. 21 “Furthermore, you shall select out of all the people able men who fear God, men of truth, those who hate dishonest gain; and you shall place these over them as leaders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens. 22 “Let them judge the people at all times; and let it be that every major dispute they will bring to you, but every minor dispute they themselves will judge. So it will be easier for you, and they will bear the burden with you. 23“If you do this thing and God so commands you, then you will be able to endure, and all these people also will go to their place in peace.” 24So Moses listened to his father-in-law and did all that he had said. 25 Moses chose able men out of all Israel and made them heads over the people, leaders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens. 26 They judged the people at all times; the difficult dispute they would bring to Moses, but every minor dispute they themselves would judge. Numbers 11:11-17+ So Moses said to the LORD, “Why have You been so hard on Your servant? And why have I not found favor in Your sight, that You have laid the burden of all this people on me? 12 “Was it I who conceived all this people? Was it I who brought them forth, that You should say to me, ‘Carry them in your bosom as a nurse carries a nursing infant, to the land which You swore to their fathers’? 13“Where am I to get meat to give to all this people? For they weep before me, saying, ‘Give us meat that we may eat!’ 14“I alone am not able to carry all this people, because it is too burdensome for me. 15 “So if You are going to deal thus with me, please kill me at once, if I have found favor in Your sight, and do not let me see my wretchedness.” 16 The LORD therefore said to Moses, “Gather for Me seventy men from the elders of Israel, whom you know to be the elders of the people and their officers and bring them to the tent of meeting, and let them take their stand there with you. 17 “Then I will come down and speak with you there, and I will take of the Spirit who is upon you, and will put Him upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with you, so that you will not bear it all alone. Jack Deere points out that "The recording of these events (Dt 1:9-18) is not incidental or parenthetical to Moses' discourse. The concern shown in the choice of wise and respected men (v. 15; cf. v. 13) and the command for fairness (judge fairly, v. 16) and absolute impartiality in judgment (v. 17; cf. 16:19; Prov. 18:5; 24:23) made it clear that the point of the Conquest was for Israel to establish righteousness and holiness in the Promised Land and ultimately in the entire world (cf. Deut. 28:1, 9-10, 13). It took faith for Israel to conquer the land, but it also took faith for them to administer justice in the land, for here too they would encounter opposition. (Bible Knowledge Commentary) There is another reason that Dt 1:9-18 is significant and is not just a parenthetical digression. What's the context? Moses has just been talking about God's covenant promise to give the Land to Israel and now seems to switch to speak about administrative affairs, but in so doing he actually points out that God has already been faithful to part of the Abrahamic Covenant (to make them more than the stars of the sky), which will only serve to undergird the certainty that He will keep His promise to give Israel the Land. Recall the Abrahamic Covenant promises that passed down to Isaac... “Sojourn in this land and I will be with you and bless you, for to you and to your descendants I will give all these lands (THE PROMISE OF THE LAND), and I will establish the oath which I swore to your father Abraham. 4 “I will multiply your descendants as the stars of heaven (THE PROMISE TO MULTIPLY THE DESCENDANTS), and will give your descendants (THE GENERATION MOSES IS PRESENTLY ADDRESSING) all these lands; and by your descendants all the nations of the earth shall be blessed; (Ge 26:3-4) I spoke to you at that time, saying, 'I am not able to bear the burden of you alone - This statement by Moses is not found in the Exodus account (see above). The explanation of this burden is God's faithfulness to multiple the nation as the stars of the heavens. There were simply too many people for Moses to govern. Grant - It is clear that the appointment of judges refers to the events of Exodus 18 when Moses heeded the advice of Jethro, his father-in-law, before the Law was given. The expression "at that time" may be thought to indicate that this was a further appointment, immediately after the command of the Lord to leave Horeb, or that it simply was at variance with the account of Exodus. Keil comments, however, "The expression at that time ... is not at variance with this ... (it) expresses the order of thought and not of time. For Moses did not intend to recall the different circumstances to the recollection of the people in their chronological order, but arranged them according to their relative importance in connection with the main object of his address".(What the Bible Teaches) Utley on at that time - This is a recurrent phrase in Deuteronomy. The first four chapters are a review of YHWH’s gracious acts on Israel’s behalf. This idiom is a way of denoting a past act (cf. Deut. 1:9; Deut. 1:16; Deut. 1:18; Deut. 2:34; Deut. 3:4; Deut. 3:8; Deut. 3:12; Deut. 3:18; Deut. 3:21; Deut. 3:23; Deut. 4:14; Deut. 5:5; Deut. 10:1; Deut. 10:8; Deut. 26:3). (Deuteronomy 1 Commentary) Earl Kalland on at that time - בָּעֵת הַהִוא (baet hahiw "at that time") occurs eleven times in the first address, the historical prologue (Dt 1:9, 16, 18; 2:34; 3:4, 8, 12, 18, 21, 23; 4:14), and five times in the other addresses (Dt 5:5; 9:20; 10:1, 8; 32:35). The time of Dt 1:9, 16, 18, and Dt 4:14 preceded the departure from Horeb. The other occurrences in the first address relate to the time of the conquest of Transjordan. The later occurrences concern experiences at Horeb relative to the giving of the law, except Dt 32:35, where reference is made to the time when the foot of the disobedient will slip. This latter passage was the basis for Jonathan Edward's famous sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." Baet hahiw appears occasionally in other OT historical books, and in some of the prophets it refers either to the past or to the future. (The Expositor's Bible Commentary – Volume 3: Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel) John Maxwell comments that "The inability of some leaders to delegate work is often a big stumbling block to progress. Many leaders fail to delegate because they have an exaggerated estimate of their own ability—the “no-one-can-do-it-as-well-as-I-can” attitude. Unfortunately, they fail to recognize the abilities of their subordinates." (Preacher's Commentary) Deuteronomy 1:10 'The LORD your God has multiplied you, and behold, you are this day like the stars of heaven in number. your God: De 10:22 28:62 Ge 15:5, 22:17 28:14 Ex 12:37 32:13 Nu 1:46 1Ch 27:23 Ne 9:23 you are this day: Ge 15:5-6 Deuteronomy 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passage: Genesis 15:5-6/genesis-15-commentary#15:5+ And He took him outside and said, “Now look toward the heavens, and count the stars, if you are able to count them.” And He said to him, “So shall your descendants be.” 6 Then he believed in the LORD; and He reckoned it to him as righteousness. Genesis 26:4 “I will multiply your descendants as the stars of heaven, and will give your descendants all these lands; and by your descendants all the nations of the earth shall be blessed; Deuteronomy 10:22+ “Your fathers went down to Egypt seventy persons in all, and now the LORD your God has made you as numerous as the stars of heaven. Deuteronomy 28:62+ “Then you shall be left few in number, whereas you were as numerous as the stars of heaven, because you did not obey the LORD your God. EVIDENCE OF GOD'S FAITHFULNESS TO KEEP COVENANT If the second generation doubted God's ability to fulfill His covenant promises regarding the Land, all they had to do was look at the fact that they were like the stars of heaven in number! Rod Mattoon - Doubt and disbelief despise the things of God. Doubt despises morality, the Word of God, decency, honesty, prayer, church, tithing, soul-winning, and Jesus Christ. When you forget God, you tend to focus on your circumstances. When you leave God out of the picture, nothing seems possible. Without God, the picture looks dark and black. This is why people say, "The grave ends it all. There is no God or Heaven." This is why they feel so hopeless. Some folks say, "Live it up!" When they do, they still feel "down" and hopeless. When you measure your life, trials, struggles, and difficulties by your own strength, you will be overwhelmed by the smallest of problems. You will sound like Israel, "We are not ABLE!" Beloved, realize that God is able even though we are not. He helps us with our battles. But in all these things we overwhelmingly conquer through Him who loved us. Romans 8:37+ The LORD your God has multiplied you, and behold, you are this day like the stars of heaven in number - As noted this truth was affirmation of the faithfulness of God to keep His covenant. This would serve to encourage the second generation to go in and take possession of the Land relying fully on God's covenant promise. Behold (02009) hinneh is an interjection meaning behold, look, now; if. "It is used often and expresses strong feelings, surprise, hope, expectation, certainty, thus giving vividness depending on its surrounding context." (Baker) Hinneh generally directs our mind to the text, imploring the reader to give it special attention. In short, the Spirit is trying to arrest our attention!
Deuteronômio 1
Morgan - Deuteronomy 1:32-33 …the Lord your God, Who went before you in the way, to seek you out a place to pitch your tents in.—Deut. 1.32,33 This Book of Deuteronomy is didactic rather than historical. Its actual history covers a very brief period, probably not many days. It consists of a collection of the final discourses of Moses. The first of these (Deut 1.6-4.43) is retrospective. In it, Moses dealt with the three stages of their wanderings—from Horeb to Kadesh-Barnea (Deut 1.6-46); from Kadesh-Barnea to Heshbon 2); and from Heshbon to Beth-peor (3)—and then exhorted them to obedience (Deut 4.1-43). In dealing with the first stage, he reminded them of the Divine call which caused them to leave Horeb, and recalled their rebellion in the matter of the spies. The purpose of the review was that of setting all the facts of their experience in the light of God's government. Their disturbance at Horeb was that of the direct command of God. The way of the wilderness was a terrible one, but they had not been left to grope their way through it alone. In this connection the words quoted above were used, and they are very full of revealing beauty. Through them we learn that in the government of God nothing is haphazard. How often life is a wilderness way! As we journey, there seems no map, no plan, no time-table. The truth is that our God is not only accompanying us on the march ; He is ever going before us, selecting the places of our pausing. Wherever at night we pitch our tents, the place is chosen by God. That is all we need to know. (Life Applications from Every Chapter of the Bible) Deuteronomy 1:33 Who goes before you on your way, to seek out a place for you to encamp, in fire by night and cloud by day, to show you the way in which you should go. Who goes: Ex 13:21 Nu 10:33 Ps 77:20 Eze 20:6 in fire: Ex 13:21-22 Ex 14:19-20,24 Ex 40:34-38 Nu 9:15-22 Nu 10:11-12 Nu 14:14 Ne 9:12 Ps 78:14 105:39 Isa 4:5,6 Zec 2:5 Deuteronomy 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Exodus 13:21-22+ The LORD was going before them in a pillar of cloud by day to lead them on the way, and in a pillar of fire by night to give them light, that they might travel by day and by night. 22 He did not take away the pillar of cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people. Exodus 14:19-20+ The angel of God, who had been going before the camp of Israel, moved and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them. 20 So it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel; and there was the cloud along with the darkness, yet it gave light at night. Thus the one did not come near the other all night. Exodus 14:24+ At the morning watch, the LORD looked down on the army of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and cloud and brought the army of the Egyptians into confusion. Numbers 10:11-12+ Now in the second year, in the second month, on the twentieth of the month, the cloud was lifted from over the tabernacle of the testimony; 12 and the sons of Israel set out on their journeys from the wilderness of Sinai. Then the cloud settled down in the wilderness of Paran. REMINDER OF GOD'S GRACIOUS GUIDANCE Who goes before you on your way, to seek out a place for you to encamp, in fire by night and cloud by day, to show you the way in which you should go - Jehovah was continually "spying" out the best paths for His people (and He still does that today beloved!) Moses sought to encourage the Israelites reminding them of Jehovah's daily (and nightly) presence and provision of guidance. The Shekinah glory cloud over the Most Holy Place symbolized God’s presence and whenever the cloud moved, Israel had followed the Lord (Nu 10:33-36+). Why would He guide them into a place of defeat? Perish the thought! Past faithfulness should have stimulated present trust (and obedience). The fact that it did not speaks to the depth of their unbelief and hardness of their hearts! THOUGHT - Satan loves to make us forget what we should remember (the past victories and miracles of God on our behalf). He also loves to make us remember what we should forget (our past of sin and the self-life). (Guzik Deuteronomy) Jack Deere - Ironically Moses reminded the people that God, by means of the pillar of fire by night and... cloud by day (cf. Ex. 13:21) had even acted as a spy for them. The Hebrew word tûr (seek out, Deut. 1:33), is the same word used in Numbers 13:2-25 of the spies' activity! Moses, in contrast with the people, relied on the Word of God and his experience of God in history, allowing these two realities to interpret his circumstances and control his response to the news of the Anakites. The people's obstinate refusal to be encouraged by God's working for them in the past makes this passage an eloquent testimony to the fickleness of human hearts. A few "experts" (10 of the 12 spies) were able to overturn the facts of God's unmistakable providential care. It is hard to imagine the stupidity of the Israelites' unbelief. Yet people today ought to be warned. The perverse vacillation displayed here is not uniquely Israelite. James needed to warn his Christian readers—who after the crucifixion and resurrection of the Lord Jesus never had cause to doubt God's love or power—not to approach their God with a vacillating spirit (James 1:5-8)..(Bible Knowledge Commentary) Utley on goes before you - God went before the people in a fire by night and cloud by day, which is known as the “Shekinah glory cloud” (e.g., Exod. 13:21–22; 14:19, 24; 19:16–18; 20:21; 24:15, 18; 33:9–10; Lev. 16:2; Num. 9:15–23; 14:14; Ps. 78:14) This cloud symbolizes the presence or transportation of deity and is found throughout the Bible (e.g., 1 Kgs. 8:10, 12; Ezek. 1:4; Dan. 7:13; Matt. 24:30; 26:64; Acts 1:9–11; 1 Thess. 4:17; Rev. 1:7). He is coming on the clouds! (Deuteronomy 1 Commentary) Eugene Merrill - That these phenomena represented the presence of God is clear from Ex 14:24, which notes that “the LORD looked down from the pillar of fire and cloud at the Egyptian army and threw it into confusion.” This also connects the fire and cloud with the pursuit of holy war.The double theophany continued to lead the way through the desert even after the conclave at Sinai. Thus at the outset of the journey the cloud covered the tabernacle by day and the fire by night. Whenever they remained at rest, the camp remained; but when they rose up and moved on, this was the signal for the people likewise to move (Num 9:15–23). Particularly instructive is the connection between these actions of cloud and fire and the very person of the Lord himself: “At the LORD'S command the Israelites set out, and at his command they encamped” (Num 9:18). (New American Commentary – Volume 4: Deuteronomy) Deuteronomy 1:34 "Then the LORD heard the sound of your words, and He was angry and took an oath, saying, took an oath: De 2:14-15 Nu 14:22-30 32:8-13 Ps 95:11 Eze 20:15 Heb 3:8-11 Deuteronomy 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Numbers 14:28+ “Say to them, ‘As I live (AN OATH),’ says the LORD, ‘just as you have spoken in My hearing, so I will surely do to you; Hebrews 3:8-11+ DO NOT HARDEN YOUR HEARTS AS WHEN THEY PROVOKED ME, AS IN THE DAY OF TRIAL IN THE WILDERNESS, 9 WHERE YOUR FATHERS TRIED Me BY TESTING Me, AND SAW MY WORKS FOR FORTY YEARS. 10 “THEREFORE I WAS ANGRY WITH THIS GENERATION, AND SAID, ‘THEY ALWAYS GO ASTRAY IN THEIR HEART, AND THEY DID NOT KNOW MY WAYS’; 11 AS I SWORE IN MY WRATH, ‘THEY SHALL NOT ENTER MY REST.’” Hebrews 3:16-19+ For who provoked Him when they had heard? Indeed, did not all those who came out of Egypt led by Moses? 17 And with whom was He angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness? 18 And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who were disobedient? 19 So we see that they were not able to enter because of unbelief. HOW TO MAKE A LOVING GOD "LIVID" Livid alliterates nicely but is probably not the best word to describe God's anger, which is never sinful, but always righteous, holy and justified. Then the LORD heard the sound of your words - This speaks of God's Omniscience! Secret sins on earth are open scandal in Heaven! In Nu 14:28 we read "‘just as you have spoken in My hearing, so I will surely do to you." And He was angry and took an oath (shaba), saying - God is not a man, so when He takes an oath, He will not break it. The psalmist records "Therefore I swore in My anger, Truly they shall not enter into My rest.” (Ps 95:11) Angry is translated in the Septuagint with the verb paroxuno (pará = at point of, implying movement toward a point + oxúno = sharpen, incite, irritate) meaning literally to sharpen and then figuratively spurred on or provoked to wrath (used in the Septuagint of Dt. 1:34; Dt. 9:7; Dt. 9:8; Dt. 9:18; Dt. 9:19; Dt. 9:22; Dt. 31:20; Dt. 32:16; Dt. 32:19; Dt. 32:41) Utley on took an oath - This same phrase, “took an oath” (BDB 989 KB 1396, Niphal IMPERFECT), was used when God committed Himself to a covenant relationship with Israel. Here He is committing Himself to the covenant consequence for disobedience-cursing. Notice that God’s promise to Abraham was to succeeding generations, but the curse was only to one generation, which was the initial evil (i.e., unbelief in YHWH’s promise of giving them Canaan) generation of the Exodus. (Deuteronomy 1 Commentary) Was angry (07107)(qatsaph) means a strong emotional outburst of anger, especially when man is the subject of the reaction, the first us describing Pharaoh who "was furious." Qatsaph is used to give pointed expression to the relationship between two or more persons, one or both of which can be said to feel anger (ʾap), have wrath (ḥēmâ), indignation (kaʿas), or express anger (ʿebrâ) as when there is anger, heat, displeasure held or felt within one because of what another has said or done. It is said eleven times that men were wroth, (e.g., Pharoah, Moses, Naaman, Philistine princes). 23x qatsaph is said that God was wroth, whether against the heathen or against his covenant people. As in the present passage it can refer to God being angry or provoked (Deut. 9:7, 8, 22; Zech. 1:2; 8:14). Jehovah's anger at the "strange fire" offered by Nadab and Abihu resulted in their death (just as it dis for all of the first generation out of Egypt, except for Joshua and Caleb). In Isa 47:6 qatsaph speaks of Yahweh's anger that resulted in Judah's exile to Babylon. (Complete Biblical Library - Its meaning overlaps with several other synonyms for anger, but examples such as Pharaoh (Gen. 40:2; 41:10) and Moses (Exo. 16:20; Lev. 10:16; Num. 31:14) suggest that it often means an emotion that arises quickly and forcefully, then subsides quickly. Even God's wrath is described as something that only endures for a short time and is replaced by mercy (Isa. 57:16; Zech. 1:15). The Qal stem means "to be angry," "to become angry." Most of the seventeen passages which speak of God becoming angry are descriptions of his wrath at Israel because of their disobedience (e.g., Lev. 10:6) and sin (Num. 16:22; Lam. 5:22). The remaining uses describe human anger in a variety of situations: Pharaoh's anger with his servants (Gen. 40:2; 41:10), Moses' anger with the people (Exo. 16:20) or leaders (Lev. 10:16; Num. 31:14), the anger of the Philistine princes against Achish (1 Sa 29:4), Namaan's irritation with Elisha (2 Ki. 5:11), Elisha's anger with Joash (2 Ki. 13:19), the fury of the leaders of Jerusalem against Jeremiah (Jer. 37:15), the wrath of Ahasuerus against Vashti (Est. 1:12) and the resentment of Ahasuerus' servants against him (Est. 2:21). The Hiphil stem means "to provoke to anger." Each of the five references refers to the time when the nation of Israel provoked God to anger by their stubborn willfulness, ultimately ending in the forty years of wilderness journeying (Deut. 9:7f, 22; Ps. 106:32; Zech. 8:14). The Hithpael stem occurs only in Isa. 8:21, where it describes people under judgment who become so hungry that they fly into a rage and curse the king. Qatsaph 32v - angry(21), became angry(1), became...angry(1), become wrathful(1), enraged(1), furious(3), provoked(1), provoked him to wrath(1), provoked me to wrath(1), provoked the to wrath(2), wrath(1), wrathful(1). Gen. 40:2; Gen. 41:10; Exod. 16:20; Lev. 10:6; Lev. 10:16; Num. 16:22; Num. 31:14; Deut. 1:34; Deut. 9:7; Deut. 9:8; Deut. 9:19; Deut. 9:22; Jos. 22:18; 1 Sam. 29:4; 2 Ki. 5:11; 2 Ki. 13:19; Est. 1:12; Est. 2:21; Ps. 106:32; Eccl. 5:6; Isa. 8:21; Isa. 47:6; Isa. 54:9; Isa. 57:16; Isa. 57:17; Isa. 64:5; Isa. 64:9; Jer. 37:15; Lam. 5:22; Zech. 1:2; Zech. 1:15; Zech. 8:14 Deut 9:19 For I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which the LORD was wrathful (Qatsaph) against you in order to destroy you, but the LORD listened to me that time also. Seven Times when Moses Was Angry 1. When leaving Pharaoh the last time (Ex. 11:8) 2. When Israel murmured for flesh (Ex. 16:20) 3. When Israel sinned by making the golden calf (Ex. 32:19–22) 4. When Aaron failed concerning the sin offering at the time his sons died (Lev. 10:16) 5. When Israel murmured for flesh the second time (Num. 11:10–15) 6. When Korah rebelled and Dathan and Abiram refused to obey (Num. 16:15) 7. When the army captains disobeyed by not killing all Midianites (Num. 31:14) Deuteronomy 1:35 'Not one of these men, this evil generation, shall see the good land which I swore to give your fathers, Deuteronomy 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Numbers 14:28+ “Say to them, ‘As I live (AN OATH),’ says the LORD, ‘just as you have spoken in My hearing, so I will surely do to you; 29 your corpses will fall in this wilderness, even all your numbered men, according to your complete number from twenty years old and upward, who have grumbled against Me. THE CONSEQUENCES OF UNBELIEF Not one of these men, this evil generation, shall see the good land which I swore (shaba) to give your fathers (ancestors, forefathers)(cf Abrahamic Covenant) - For Yahweh this was the last straw as we commonly say! "With patience, he had brought them out of Egypt and provided for them along the way, but at every step they had complained and become obstinate." (Merrill) What about the women? Some presume the fact that they are not mentioned in the judgment suggests they were not affected by the divine "death penalty." I cannot find Scripture to support this premise, so it is mentioned only for completeness. Disobedience causes us to forfeit the best that God has for us. -- John Maxwell The divine verdict was in and it sentenced the first generation to "exile" from what should have (could have) been their homeland of milk and honey. Let us learn from Israel that the cost of stubborn rebellion against God's goodness, mercy and grace can be costly and in some cases have lifelong consequences! In verse 34 Jehovah swore and oath to destroy the evil generation, but that did not eliminate the covenant oath He had sworn to the patriarchs to give them the Land. God would keep both of these oaths.