Levítico 2
G. Campbell Morgan · Citado em PreceptAustin
Levítico 2
Morgan - Lev. 2:11 As the burnt offering was to be "without blemish" so the meal offering was to be without leaven. This meal offering was the work of men's hands, of the fruits of the ground, the result of cultivation, manufacture, and preparation; and it was the symbol of service offered. Therefore it was not to be mixed with leaven. Why not? Because leaven in its very nature is corruption, and its influence is corrupting. Whenever it is introduced, it sets up the work of disintegration and break-up. Nothing of that kind must be permitted in the symbol of service, because God demands a perfect service as well as a perfect offering. Not only the gift, but also the deed must be without corruption. The application of the principle to our-selves is found when we turn to the New Testament, and find what leaven symbolizes for us. Our Lord warned His disciples against the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees (Matt. 16.6). The leaven of the Pharisees was hypocrisy; that is, of ritualism without spiritual and moral con-tent. The leaven of the Sadducees was rationalism; that is, Herodianism or wordliness; the elimination of the super-natural. Paul speaks of the leaven of "malice and wickedness," as the opposite of "sincerity and truth." These then are the corrupting influences which are not to be mixed with our service. In all the work we do for God, there is to be an absence of hypocrisy, of materialism, of the spirit which is contrary to love and truth. (Life Applications from Every Chapter of the Bible) Leviticus 2:12 'As an offering of first fruits you shall bring them to the LORD, but they shall not ascend for a soothing aroma on the altar. Offering - Ge 23:10,11,17 Ex 22:29 23:10,11,19 Nu 15:20 Dt 26:10 2Ch 31:5 1Co 15:20 Rev 14:4 Leviticus 2 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries NET You can present them to the LORD as an offering of first fruit, but they must not go up to the altar for a soothing aroma. NIV You may bring them to the LORD as an offering of the firstfruits, but they are not to be offered on the altar as a pleasing aroma. NET Bible Note - The “first fruit” referred to here was given to the priests as a prebend (like a "stipend" granted) for their service to the LORD, not offered on the altar (Nu 18:12). It is interesting that offerings that contain leaven and honey could be offered as first fruits. Rooker explains that "The first fruit offering was composed of the first processed fruit coming from the threshing floor. The New Testament refers to Christ’s resurrection as the first fruit, for his resurrection signals the first for millions of those who would believe in him (1Cor 15:20)." (Ibid) Borrow Lindsey adds "Yeast and honey were prohibited from all grain offerings. The offering of the firstfruits (cf. 23:16–17) allowed these, but it was not technically a grain offering, that is, one offered on the altar as a pleasing aroma. (Borrow Bible Knowledge Commentary - Old Testament) Offering (07133)(qorban/korban from qarab signifies coming into near, intimate proximity of another and in Leviticus into intimate proximity with Jehovah! (Does this root verb not help us discern the picture of "offering?") is a masculine noun which means that which is brought near (the altar), thus referring to an offering. The Septuagint (Lxx) translates qorban in this passage with doron which means a gift or present to show honor and respect (Mt 2:11 of gifts of Magi [Mt 2:7-10] at His birth). Doron also described sacrifices and other gifts offered to God (Mt. 5:23-24-note; Mt 8:4; 15:5; 23:18-19; Mk 7:11; Heb 5:1-note; Heb 8:3-4-note; Heb 9:9-note) First-fruits (07225) (see word study on reshith). First-fruits is translated in the Septuagint (Lxx) with the noun aparche which is an OT technical term used to describe the first portion of a grain harvest or fruit harvest or the first portion of an animal offering, as from one's herd. The first fruits as are discussed more in this article (click) represented the first portion of an offering (grain or animal) or the firstborn male (Ex 13:12, 13, 14, 15, Nu 18:15, 16), all of which were to be set aside (considered holy) and considered as belonging specifically to the Lord. The first portion of the harvest was regarded both as a first installment and as a pledge of the final delivery of the whole and were offered to God in thanksgiving for His goodness in providing them. Eugene Merrill on first-fruits (reshith) - Referring here to the yeast and honey that were products of the land, this prohibition concerns that which could not be offered as part of the grain offering on the altar. The yeast and honey were allowed to be part of an offering here called "firstfruits" (used here and Lev 23:10-note;) but not the grain offering. In Ex 23:16, 19 at the Feast of Harvest /Feast of Pentecost/Feast of Weeks the Israelites were then to bring, as a "wave offering" (Lev. 23:17-note), the "best of the firstfruits of the soil to the house of the LORD" (Ex 23:19). This offering was not by fire (as was the grain offering), and the offering of grain at this feast could contain yeast (Lev. 23:17) so at that time the yeast and honey could be presented to the LORD. Though this offering is called here in Lev. 2:12-note "offering of the firstfruits" it is not to be connected with the Feast of Firstfruits that was connected with the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Lev. 23:4-14-note) and for which grain offerings (without leaven) were to be offered. Lev. 23:10-note also uses the word reshith (translated "first"). In the natural world, the first sheaf of the crop was to be brought to God as a guarantee that the rest of the harvest was coming (cf. 1Cor. 15:20, 23). This act was an act of faith on the part of the Israelite. The offering of the new produce of the land along with ordinary leavened bread (Lev. 23:16-note) indicates the submission of the totality of life of God's people to the LORD. (The Bible Knowledge Word Study - Gen-Deut) First-fruits - Dictionary Articles Leviticus 2:13 'Every grain offering of yours, moreover, you shall season with salt, so that the salt of the covenant of your God shall not be lacking from your grain offering; with all your offerings you shall offer salt. with salt: Ezra 7:22 Ezek 43:24 Mt 5:13 Mk 9:49,50 Col 4:6 salt: Nu 18:19 2Ch 13:5 Leviticus 2 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Grain offering (twice in this verse) (04503) (minchah) means a gift (given to another without compensation = Ge 32:13, 2Ki 8:8), tribute ( payment by one ruler or nation to another in acknowledgment of submission or as the price of protection = Jdg 3:14, 2Sa 8:2; Hos 10:6) or offering (as a gift offered to God). The most common sense by far in the OT is as an offering (usually "grain offering" in the NAS but it could refer to animal offerings Ge 4:3-5 or "sacrifices" in general Isa 19:21). The Septuagint (Lxx) translates minchah twice in this passage with the noun doron which means a gift or present to show honor and respect (Mt 2:11 of gifts of Magi [Mt 2:7-10] at His birth). Doron also described sacrifices and other gifts offered to God (Mt. 5:23-24-note; Mt 8:4; 15:5; 23:18-19; Mk 7:11; Heb 5:1-note; Heb 8:3-4-note; Heb 9:9-note) Salt of the Covenant - This was included in all of the offerings in [Lev 2:4-10, 14-16] since salt was emblematic of permanence or loyalty to the covenant.. John Eadie says salt "was an emblem of perpetuity and incorruptibility." Charles Ryrie - salt stands for permanence and incorruption (cf. Nu 18:19; 2Chr. 13:5). (In 2Chr 13:5) The permanency of the Davidic covenant (see note on 2Sa 7:12-16) is emphasized by referring to it as a covenant of salt. See notes on Lev 2:13 and Nu 18:8-20. W A Criswell - Since salt was associated with permanence, the expression "covenant of salt" was used to emphasize the binding or permanent nature of the stipulation (cf. Ex. 30:35; Lev. 2:13, note; 2 Chr. 13:5; Ezek. 43:24). (The Believer's Study Bible) Henry
Levítico 2
Morgan - Leviticus 2 - Amber Waves of Grain AMBER WAVES OF GRAIN On this Independence Day of 2004, it’s important to remind ourselves that our great nation was founded and established by those who reverenced and respected God’s Word and God’s Son, Jesus Christ. Patrick Henry said: “It cannot be emphasized too strongly or too often that this great nation was founded, not by religionists, but by Christians, not by religions, but by the Gospel of Jesus Christ.” Virtually without exception, the founders of our nation maintained the conviction that a moral society is impossible without a respect for the Bible. Noah Webster said: “The moral principles and precepts contained in the Scriptures ought to form the basis of all our civil constitutions and laws. All the miseries and evils which men suffer from vice, crime, ambition, injustice, oppression, slavery, and war, proceed from their despising or neglecting the precepts contained in the Bible.” I can give you quote after quote from almost every one of the Founding Fathers of our nation, warning us that a healthy society depends on strong morality, and strong morality depends on a respect for religion in general and of Christianity in particular. But this is a message that has fallen to the wayside in our own day of pride and pluralism. How do we as a nation rediscover a reverence and a respect for God’s holiness? Strange as it seems, there’s no better book for us to study on this subject than the Old Testament book of Leviticus, which contains the Mosaic law which serves as the underpinning of all biblical ethics and holiness. The theme of Leviticus is summed up in the words: Be holy for I am holy. Our God is a holy and sinless God, and He expects His people to reflect His holiness. In this book of Leviticus: • The word holy occurs 95 times. • The word unholy occurs once. • The word clean occurs 48 times. • The word unclean occurs 131 times. • And the phrase Be holy is found 24 times. Is there any subject or theme in the Bible more needed by the United States of America on this national birthday than this one? Now in our study through Leviticus, we’ve learned that when Moses led the Children of Israel out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, he stopped at Mount Sinai. As we follow the story in the book of Exodus, Moses ascended to the top of Mount Sinai where he was given the law, the Ten Commandments. And in the latter portions of Exodus, he was also given the blueprints for a remarkable portable worship center called the Tabernacle. At the entrance of the Tabernacle was an enormous bronze altar, and there the Children of Israel were to offer various sacrifices as part of their religious liturgy and ritual. As we open the book of Leviticus, we have these sacrifices and offerings described to us. The first seven chapters of Leviticus describe the five different offerings that comprised the worship ritual of ancient Israel. The remarkable thing about these offerings is that they are prophetic in nature. They have no power or meaning or significance in and of themselves. They are simply symbolic types, pointing to the great coming Messiah who would offer Himself as a sacrifice for the ransom of many. So each of these five sacrifices and offerings points to Jesus Christ, and each one of them tells us something essential about our Lord. Last week we looked at the Burnt Offering in chapter 1. The distinction of this offering is that it was entirely consumed on the altar. Nothing was left. Nothing was eaten. Nothing was given away. Nothing was used for any other purpose. The animal was slain, placed on the altar, and entirely consumed in the flames. This is one of the Bible’s most graphic pictures of the totality of the sacrifice that Jesus Christ made for you and me. Now today we are coming to the second type of offering, and it is very different. It’s called the Grain Offering. It didn’t involve an animal, and there was no shedding of blood. This was a vegetarian offering, as it were. When the people harvested their grain, they would bring some of it to the Tabernacle—the best and richest portions—and offer it to the Lord. It represented the perfect humanity of Jesus Christ, the Bread of Life, the Bread broken for us. There are some interesting details about this offering that speak of Jesus, so let’s read the entire chapter of Leviticus 2 and then I want to point out seven details that point to Christ. When anyone offers a Grain Offering to the Lord, his offering shall be of fine flour. And he shall pour oil on it, and put frankincense on it. He shall bring it to Aaron’s sons, the priests, one of whom shall take from it his handful of fine flour and oil with all the frankincense. And the priest shall burn it as a memorial on the altar, an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord. The rest of the Grain Offering shall be Aaron’s and his sons’. It is most holy of the offerings to the Lord made by fire. And if you bring as an offering a Grain Offering baked in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mixed with oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil. But if your offering is a Grain Offering baked in a pan, it shall be of fine flour, unleavened, mixed with oil. You shall break it in pieces and pour oil on it; it is a Grain Offering. You shall bring the Grain Offering that is made of these things to the Lord. And when it is presented to the priest, he shall bring it to the altar. Then the priest shall take from the Grain Offering a memorial portion, and burn it on the altar. It is an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord. And what is left of the Grain Offering shall be Aaron’s and his sons’. It is most holy of the offerings to the Lord made by fire. No Grain Offering which you bring to the Lord shall be made with leaven, for you shall burn no leaven nor any honey in any offering to the Lord made by fire. As for the offering of the firstfruits, you shall offer them to the Lord, but they shall not be burned on the altar for a sweet aroma. And every offering of your Grain Offering you shall season with salt; you shall not allow the salt of the covenant of your God to be lacking from your Grain Offering. With all your offerings you shall offer salt. If you offer a Grain Offering of your firstfruits to the Lord, you shall offer for the Grain Offering of your firstfruits green heads of grain roasted on the fire, grain beaten from full heads. And you shall put oil on it, and lay frankincense on it. It is a Grain Offering. Then the priest shall burn the memorial portion: part of its beaten grain and part of its oil, with all the frankincense, as an offering made by fire to the Lord. There are seven details that are quite significant. Fine Flour = His Perfect Life First, the fine flour represents our Lord’s perfect humanity. Warren