João 10
J.C. Ryle · Citado em PreceptAustin
João 10
Ryle - The chapter we have now begun is closely connected with the preceding one. The parable before us was spoken with direct reference to the blind teachers of the Jewish Church. The Scribes and Pharisees were the people our Lord had in view, when He described the false shepherd. The very men who had just said "We see," (John 9:41+) were denounced with holy boldness, as "thieves and robbers." Truly, truly (amen, amen) - "Most assuredly" This repeated phrase should always make your ears perk up and give close attention (somewhat like the use of the word "Behold"). Only Jesus uses the double affirmation "truly, truly," (25x/25v) and it identifies the declaration that follows as an especially important truth that the reader should pay very close attention to (see also additional thought below). When Jesus introduces His words with "Amen, amen," it behooves the attentive, obedient follower of Christ to follow with "Amen, Amen," to the truth of what He states. It is like being in the audience when the preacher sounds a particularly poignant or powerful note and we hear a chorus of "Amen's" from the listeners. Of course, we can say "Amen" with our lips, but fail to say it with our lives (so to speak). This is in a sense hypocrisy on our part! Marvin
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Ryle - The Privileges of the True Christian on John 10:27-28 Sermon by J C Ryle - The Character of the True Christian on John 10:27-28 George Whitefield: The Good Shepherd: A Farewell Sermon on John 10:27-28 (The last sermon which Whitefield preached in London, on Wednesday, August 30th, 1769, before his final departure to America.) Know (1097) ginosko means to acquire information through some modality, as through sense perception. However ginosko involves experiential knowledge, not merely the accumulation of known facts. Ginosko is one of the major verbs of the Bible and because of its numerous uses, it is not surprising that Greek lexicographers ascribe a number of nuances of meaning including to get to know, come to understand, to ascertain, to have intimate relations with another, etc. (See in depth analysis of this important verb for a better grasp of it many nuances in the NT). John's uses of ginosko often convey more than just knowledge of facts, but also speaks of trust and intimacy. Ginosko in the Gospel of John, his epistles and the Revelation - Jn. 1:10; Jn. 1:48; Jn. 2:24; Jn. 2:25; Jn. 3:10; Jn. 4:1; Jn. 4:53; Jn. 5:6; Jn. 5:42; Jn. 6:15; Jn. 6:69; Jn. 7:17; Jn. 7:26; Jn. 7:27; Jn. 7:49; Jn. 7:51; Jn. 8:27; Jn. 8:28; Jn. 8:32; Jn. 8:43; Jn. 8:52; Jn. 8:55; Jn. 10:6; Jn. 10:14; Jn. 10:15; Jn. 10:27; Jn. 10:38; Jn. 11:57; Jn. 12:9; Jn. 12:16; Jn. 13:7; Jn. 13:12; Jn. 13:28; Jn. 13:35; Jn. 14:7; Jn. 14:9; Jn. 14:17; Jn. 14:20; Jn. 14:31; Jn. 15:18; Jn. 16:3; Jn. 16:19; Jn. 17:3; Jn. 17:7; Jn. 17:8; Jn. 17:23; Jn. 17:25; Jn. 19:4; Jn. 21:17; 1 Jn. 2:3; 1 Jn. 2:4; 1 Jn. 2:5; 1 Jn. 2:13; 1 Jn. 2:14; 1 Jn. 2:18; 1 Jn. 2:29; 1 Jn. 3:1; 1 Jn. 3:6; 1 Jn. 3:16; 1 Jn. 3:19; 1 Jn. 3:20; 1 Jn. 3:24; 1 Jn. 4:2; 1 Jn. 4:6; 1 Jn. 4:7; 1 Jn. 4:8; 1 Jn. 4:13; 1 Jn. 4:16; 1 Jn. 5:2; 1 Jn. 5:20; 2 Jn. 1:1; Rev. 2:23; Rev. 2:24; Rev. 3:3; Rev. 3:9 C H Spurgeon from his sermon The sheep and their shepherd ‘My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.’ John 10:27 What sweet music there is to us in the name which is given to our Lord Jesus Christ—‘the good shepherd’! It not only describes the office he holds, but it sets forth the sympathy he feels, the aptness he shows and the responsibility he bears to promote our wellbeing. What if the sheep be weak, yet is the shepherd strong to guard his flock from the prowling wolf or the roaring lion. If the sheep suffer privation because the soil is barren, yet is the shepherd able to lead them into pasturage suitable for them. If they be foolish, yet he goes before them, cheers them with his voice and rules them with the rod of his command. There cannot be a flock without a shepherd; neither is there a shepherd truly without a flock. The two must go together. They are the fulness of each other. As the church is ‘the fulness of him that filleth all in all’, so we rejoice to remember that ‘of his fulness have all we received, and grace for grace.’ That I am like a sheep is a very sorry reflection, but that I have a shepherd charms away the sorrow and creates a new joy. It even becomes a gladsome thing to be weak that I may rely on his strength, to be full of wants that I may draw from his fulness, to be shallow and often at my wit’s end that I may be always regulated by his wisdom. Even so does my shame redound to his praise. Not to you, you great and mighty, who lift your heads high and claim for yourselves honour, not for you is peace, not to you is rest; but unto you, you lowly ones, who delight in the valley of humiliation and feel yourselves to be taken down in your own esteem, to you it is that the Saviour becomes dear, and to you will he give ‘to lie down in green pastures … beside the still waters.’ Knowing and Loving My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me. John 10:27 Today's Scripture & Insight: John 10:7–16 “Jesus loves me, this I know, for the Bible tells me so” is the message of one of Christian music’s most enduring songs, particularly for children. Written by Anna B. Warner in the 1800s, this lyric tenderly affirms our relationship with Him—we are loved. Someone gave my wife a plaque for our home that gives these words a fresh twist by flipping that simple idea. It reads, “Jesus knows me, this I love.” This provides a different perspective on our relationship with Him—we are known. In ancient Israel, loving and knowing the sheep distinguished a true shepherd from a hired hand. The shepherd spent so much time with his sheep that he developed an abiding care for and a deep knowledge of his lambs. Little wonder then that Jesus tells His own, “I am the good shepherd; I know my sheep and my sheep know me. . . . My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me” (John 10:14, 27). He knows us and He loves us! We can trust Jesus’s purposes for us and rest in the promise of His care because His Father “knows what [we] need before [we] ask him” (Matthew 6:8). As you deal with the ups and downs of life today, be at rest. You are known and loved by the Shepherd of your heart. By: Bill Crowder Dear Lord, thank You for how You tenderly love and care for me. Help me to trust You in all areas of my life. The wonder of it all—just to think that Jesus loves me! QUESTION - What does it mean that “my sheep hear my voice” (John 10:27)? ANSWER - One of the Bible’s most informative images of Jesus is as the Good Shepherd. Part of that image involves His leadership or lordship of the flock. Jesus expresses that role by saying, “My sheep hear My voice.” Only the Lord’s true sheep follow and obey Him because they know and recognize His voice. Jesus said, “My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me” (John 10:27). In John 10:1–30, as Jesus faces growing opposition from His enemies, He draws His followers ever closer by introducing them to the kind and caring leader He embodies—the Good Shepherd. Jesus wants His disciples to recognize that He is not like the abusive religious leaders who were in constant conflict with Him and His ministry. He shows them that they must follow Him as sheep follow their shepherd. In this illustration, the sheepfold represents a place of security, a protective shelter of the family of God. No one can enter the fold except through the Good Shepherd (John 10:7–9). He alone determines who may come in. He protects His sheep and leads them, and even lays down His life for them (verse 11). Only true sheep follow His leadership: “After he has gathered his own flock, he walks ahead of them, and they follow him because they know his voice” (John 10:4, NLT). Christ leads by example. His life illustrates how we ought to live. He doesn’t have to push or prod us to follow Him but guides us by walking ahead of us. And His sheep hear His voice, that is, we know His voice and recognize Him as our leader. The simple statement My sheep hear My voice is packed full of Christian doctrine. It expresses personal intimacy between the shepherd and his sheep. In the first century, a single sheep pen held multiple flocks, so it was essential for the sheep to know and recognize their own shepherd’s voice. There had to be an unmistakable familiarity between sheep and shepherd for the sheep to feel safe and know which voice to follow. Jesus said, “I am the good shepherd; I know my sheep and my sheep know me” (John 10:14). Knowing the Lord’s voice indicates experiential knowledge through a relationship with Him. My sheep hear My voice also highlights the call of Jesus Christ that brings believers into a new and abundant life of fellowship with Him (Romans 8:28–30). Jesus as the Good Shepherd calls us by name (John 10:3; Isaiah 45:3–4), and He knows us by name (Exodus 33:17). My sheep hear My voice speaks of those who listen with obedient attention—this kind of listening results in faith. Paul taught the Romans, “Faith comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word about Christ” (Romans 10:17). One primary way we hear the Lord’s voice is through the Word of God. By hearing His voice in Scripture, we get to know Him, and knowing Him produces faith, and that faith causes us to follow and obey. First John 2:3–6 explains that to know God is to obey Him: “We know that we have come to know him if we keep his commands. Whoever says, ‘I know him,’ but does not do what he commands is a liar, and the truth is not in that person. But if anyone obeys his word, love for God is truly made complete in them. This is how we know we are in him: Whoever claims to live in him must live as Jesus did.” True sheep know the Lord’s voice and prove it by obeying His commands. They live as Jesus did. My sheep affirms that there are true sheep and false sheep. True sheep know, listen to, and obey the Good Shepherd’s voice; false sheep pay no mind. My sheep also communicates the reality of our union with Christ: “But whoever is united with the Lord is one with him in spirit” (1 Corinthians 6:17). We belong to our Good Shepherd (John 17:6). Of His sheep, Jesus said, “I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one will snatch them out of my hand. My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all; no one can snatch them out of my Father’s hand. I and the Father are one” (John 10:28–30). Those who belong to the Good Shepherd belong to God the Father. They are His forever. Jesus laid down His life on the cross to give His followers eternal life, and they are safe in His sheepfold for all eternity (John 6:37, 39; 17:2, 9; 18:9). The Good Shepherd says, “My sheep hear My voice.” These sheep have heard the call of Christ to enter the sheepfold. By grace, the Good Shepherd has saved them through faith, and now they belong to the family of God forever (Ephesians 2:1–10).GotQuestions.org C H
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Ryle - Perseverance on John 10:28 D L Moody - Jn 10:28-30 - THESE are precious verses to those who are afraid of falling, who fear that they will not hold out. It is God’s work to hold. It is the Shepherd’s business to keep the sheep. Whoever heard of the sheep going to bring back the shepherd? People have an idea that they have to keep themselves and Christ too. It is a false idea. It is the work of the Shepherd to look after them, and to take care of those who trust Him. He has promised to do it. A sea captain, when dying said, “Glory to God, the anchor holds.” He trusted in Christ. His anchor had taken hold of the solid Rock. Our Place of Safety The Lord watches over you—the Lord is your shade at your right hand. Psalm 121:5 Today's Scripture & Insight: Psalm 121 Retired teacher Debbie Stephens Browder is on a mission to convince as many people as possible to plant trees. The reason? Heat. Extreme heat in the United States is the number one weather-related cause of death. In response, she says, “I’m starting with trees.” The canopy of heat protection that trees provide is one significant way to protect communities. “It’s life or death. It’s not just about beautifying the community.” The fact that shade isn’t just refreshing but potentially lifesaving would have been well known to the psalmist who wrote Psalm 121; in the Middle East, the risk of sunstroke is constant. This reality adds depth to the psalm’s vivid description of God as our surest place of safety, the One in whose care “the sun will not harm [us] by day, nor the moon by night” (v. 6). This verse can’t mean that believers in Jesus are somehow immune to pain or loss in this life (or that heat isn’t dangerous!). After all, Christ tells us, “In this world you will have trouble” (John 16:33). But this metaphor of God as our shade does vividly reassure us that, whatever comes our way, our lives are held in His watchful care (Psalm 121:7–8). There we can find rest through trusting Him, knowing that nothing can separate us from His love (John 10:28; Romans 8:39). By: Monica La Rose How have you experienced life-saving shade in God’s care? How does remembering you’re always held in His care give you courage? Loving God, thank You for being my place of shade and safety. Help me to find rest and courage as I grow in trusting You. C H
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Ryle - In order to explain how it is that the Father should take as much interest in the sheep as the Son, our Lord here declares, in the plainest and most explicit terms, the deep truth of the essential unity between Himself and His Father. Hence, in the matter of securing the safety of my sheep, what I do, my Father does likewise. I do not act independently of Him.” In John 10:24 the Jews had actually commanded Jesus "If you are the Christ, tell us plainly." John 10:30 is Jesus' plain response! I and the Father are (present tense - continually) one (heis) - Why did Jesus make this statement in this context? Notice that He has just stated both He and the Father are committed to assure the eternal salvation of every believer. John MacArthur (see his Study Bible note) explains "The sentence, stressing the united purpose and action of both in the security and safety of the flock, presupposes unity of nature and essence (see Jn 5:17-23; 17:22)." To His hearers, this statement would have at first reminded them of their famous Shema in Dt 6:4+ “Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one!" (compare similar phrase in 1Co 3:8+ "Now he who plants and he who waters are one") However there was a subtle but significant difference between "one" in the Shema and "one" in Jn 10:30. It is somewhat technical, but this distinction in the Greek word for "one" results in very different meanings. The Greek word for one is heis (numeral one) and was used in the Septuagint of Dt 6:4+ in the masculine singular. Here in John 10:30 "heis" is neuter, not masculine. You are probably asking, "So what?" In simple terms, the neuter form of "one" (heis) Jesus used in Jn 10:30 indicates singleness in essence. In other words, He is not saying He and the Father are One Person, but is saying they are One in essence or nature. Simple reading of the English translations does not allow one to discern the subtle distinction Jesus intended, but it is clear that His Jewish audience grasped what Jesus was saying, because they grasped stones to stone Him (Jn 10:31)! And why were they preparing to stone Him? What Jesus had just declared is that He was one in essence with the Father! He was clearly stating that He Himself was God and to the Jews this was blasphemy which called for stoning! Jesus’ statement that He and the Father are One does not mean that they are one person. -- Steven Cole A T
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Ryle - Here our Lord once more appeals to the evidence of His miracles, and challenges attention to them. “I do not ask you to believe that I am the Son of God and the Messiah, if I do not prove it by my works. If I did no miracles, you might be justified in not believing Me to be the Messiah, and in calling Me a blasphemer.” John 10:38 but if I do them, though you do not believe Me, believe the works, so that you may know and understand that the Father is in Me, and I in the Father." BGT John 10:38 εἰ δὲ ποιῶ, κἂν ἐμοὶ μὴ πιστεύητε, τοῖς ἔργοις πιστεύετε, ἵνα γνῶτε καὶ γινώσκητε ὅτι ἐν ἐμοὶ ὁ πατὴρ κἀγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρί. KJV John 10:38 But if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works: that ye may know, and believe, that the Father is in me, and I in him. NET John 10:38 But if I do them, even if you do not believe me, believe the deeds, so that you may come to know and understand that I am in the Father and the Father is in me." CSB John 10:38 But if I am doing them and you don't believe Me, believe the works. This way you will know and understand that the Father is in Me and I in the Father." ESV John 10:38 but if I do them, even though you do not believe me, believe the works, that you may know and understand that the Father is in me and I am in the Father." NIV John 10:38 But if I do it, even though you do not believe me, believe the miracles, that you may know and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the Father." NLT John 10:38 But if I do his work, believe in the evidence of the miraculous works I have done, even if you don't believe me. Then you will know and understand that the Father is in me, and I am in the Father." NRS John 10:38 But if I do them, even though you do not believe me, believe the works, so that you may know and understand that the Father is in me and I am in the Father." NJB John 10:38 but if I am doing it, then even if you refuse to believe in me, at least believe in the work I do; then you will know for certain that the Father is in me and I am in the Father. NAB John 10:38 but if I perform them, even if you do not believe me, believe the works, so that you may realize (and understand) that the Father is in me and I am in the Father." YLT John 10:38 and if I do, even if me ye may not believe, the works believe, that ye may know and may believe that in me is the Father, and I in Him.' MIT John 10:38 But if I do—even if you would not trust me—believe on the basis of the works so that you might begin to perceive and continue to know that the father and I are mutually inherent." believe: John 3:2 5:36 Ac 2:22 4:8-12 that : John 10:30 Jn 14:9-11,20 Jn 17:11,21-23 John 10 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: John 14:9-11; 20 Jesus said to him, “Have I been so long with you, and yet you have not come to know Me, Philip? He who has seen Me has seen the Father; how can you say, ‘Show us the Father’? 10 “Do you not believe that I am in the Father, and the Father is in Me? The words that I say to you I do not speak on My own initiative, but the Father abiding in Me does His works. 11 “Believe Me that I am in the Father and the Father is in Me; otherwise believe because of the works themselves. 20 “In that day you will know that I am in My Father, and you in Me, and I in you. John 17:11 “I am no longer in the world; and yet they themselves are in the world, and I come to You. Holy Father, keep them in Your name, the name which You have given Me, that they may be one even as We are. John 17:21-23 21 that they may all be one; even as You, Father, are in Me and I in You, that they also may be in Us, so that the world may believe that You sent Me. 22 “The glory which You have given Me I have given to them, that they may be one, just as We are one; 23 I in them and You in Me, that they may be perfected in unity, so that the world may know that You sent Me, and loved them, even as You have loved Me. JESUS APPEALS ONE LAST TIME TO HIS HARD HEARTED ACCUSERS! But if I do them - If introduces another first class conditional sentence stating that it is true -- He did do these works. "If so, then they should believe in Him, being confident that He and the Father are one (cf. John 10:30,38)." (Utley) though you do not believe (pisteuo) Me, believe (pisteuo) the works (ergon), so that (hina - purpose clause) you may know (ginosko) and understand (ginosko) that the Father (pater) is in Me, and I in the Father (pater) - The fact that Jesus does the works of the Father validates His claims and makes their refusal to believe inexcusable. This is another example of Jesus showing amazing grace. These are the very ones Jesus earlier had stated could not believe because they were not of his sheep (Jn 10:26+), but now He calls for them to believe the works which is a command in the present imperative! It is so sad that they refuse to obey this command which would have changed their eternal destiny! In context, He is calling for them to believe His claim to oneness with the Father. If they believed that, they would believe that He was God. And if they believed He was God, they might believe He is the Savior of the world and be saved! John MacArthur on believe the works - Since He did the same things that the Father does (see 5:19 [notes]), His enemies should consider this in their evaluation of Him. The implication is, however, that they were so ignorant of God that they could not recognize the works of the Father or the One whom the Father sent (see also John 14:10, 11). (Borrow The MacArthur Study Bible page 1605) Note the repetition of ginosko in know (ginosko) and understand (ginosko). The first know is aorist tense, to come to know at a point in time, such as when one believes and is justified. The second use rendered as understand is in the present tense which would describing continuing knowledge, e.g., as one should experience in progressive sanctification.
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Ryle comments - If I do the works of my Father, then, though ye may not be convinced by what I say, be convinced by what I do. Though ye resist the evidence of my words, yield to the evidence of my works. In this way learn to know and believe that I and my Father are indeed one, He in me and I in Him, and that in claiming to be His Son, I speak no blasphemy. Robert Mounce explains Jesus' challenge (or appeal) to the religious leaders who were about to stone Him (and will soon seek to seize Him again) - “But if I am acting as My Father would, even though you don’t trust Me, at least except the evidence of my deeds.” While miracles were never intended to make people believe, they do provide strong evidence that the One able to perform the miracle is telling the truth. The argument runs like this: “The works that I do are the kinds of things My Father does, and if you can’t accept that, then at least believe that the miracles I do substantiate My claims. Those who accept the evidence of the miracles come to know and understand the mutual indwelling of the Father and the Son.” (The verbs are aorist, “come to know,” and present, “grow in that knowledge.”) What Jesus referred to in Jn 10:30 (“I and the Father are one”) is spelled out in Jn 10:38b (“the Father is in me, and I in the Father”). (See The Expositor's Bible Commentary) NET Note - Jesus says that in the final analysis, the deeds he did should indicate whether he was truly from the Father. If the authorities could not believe in him, it would be better to believe in the deeds he did than not to believe at all. Barton - At least three different kinds of evidence were given to convince people about Jesus: (1) Verbal proof convinced some, such as the people who said "No man has ever taught like this one!" (2) Character proofs convinced others who spent time with Jesus and observed his life. (3) Signs and miracles demonstrated his power. Jesus recognized that some who might not be convinced one way might be open to other evidence. He invited his listeners to consider his miracles if they found his words too difficult to believe. After all, it was prophesied that the Messiah would do great works (Isaiah 35:4-6). (BORROW Life Application Study Bible, Gospel of John) The Father (pater) is in Me, and I in the Father (pater) speaks of their beautiful reciprocal supernatural relationship. They are one in essence, while being distinct in persons. D A Carson on Father is in Me and I in the Father - This is offered in explanation of Jn 10:30, which provoked the running debate of Jn 10:31–38. (BORROW The Gospel according to John see page 400) William Hendriksen in essence paraphrases Jesus' words - Even if you should not directly accept Me as your Savior and Lord, continue to ponder My works in order that at last, by seeing that these are the very works of the Father, you are brought to genuine abiding faith in Me. (BORROW Exposition of the Gospel according to John) Andreas Kostenberger - The Jews are challenged to believe, if not in Jesus, at least in his works: obedience out of inferior motives is better than outright disobedience. (BORROW Encountering John : the Gospel) John