Apocalipse 2
J. Vernon McGee · Citado em PreceptAustin
Apocalipse 2
Vernon McGee quips "When I am a visiting conference speaker in churches across the land, pastors like to tell me about the millionaire or persons of prominence whom they have in their congregation. Well, the martyr church couldn't brag about that. They had in their congregation slaves, ex-slaves, runaway slaves, freed slaves, poor people, and those who had lost whatever money they had when they became Christians. (Thru the Bible Commentary Vol. 58: The Prophecy (Revelation 1-5) - BORROW) Warren Wiersbe on why they may have been poor - Smyrna was an important center of the Roman imperial cult, and anyone refusing to acknowledge Caesar as Lord would certainly be excluded from the (TRADE) guilds. This would mean unemployment and poverty. The word used here for poverty means “abject poverty, possessing absolutely nothing.” A large Jewish community also thrived in Smyrna. The Jews, of course, did not have to patronize the imperial cult since their religion was accepted by Rome (ED: THEY WERE EXCEPTED FROM EMPEROR WORSHIP); but they certainly would not cooperate with the Christian faith. So, from both Jews and Gentiles, the Christians in Smyrna received slander and suffering. But they were rich! They lived for eternal values that would never change, riches that could never be taken away. “As poor, yet making many rich” (2 Cor. 6:10; 8:9). In fact, their suffering for Christ only increased their riches. (Borrow Be Victorious - In Christ You Are an Overcomer) As Charles Stanley said, “There was peculiar honor in being near and like Himself, who had nowhere to lay His head. I have learned this: Jesus is specially the partner of His poor servants.”
Apocalipse 2
McGee - The implication is that the Jews in Smyrna who had come to Christ were Jews inwardly as well as outwardly....Down through the years there has been only a remnant of these people who have truly been God's people. (Ibid) Jesus had clearly forewarned about the coming Jewish persecutions (Mt. 23:34; Mark 13:9; Luke 21:12) and Luke alluded to it repeatedly in Acts (Acts 2:13; Acts 4:2–3, 18; Acts 5:17–18, 28, 40; Acts 6:9ff.; Acts 7:54–60; Acts 8:1ff.; Acts 9:20–23; Acts 12:1–3; Acts 13:6, 45; Acts 14:2, 19; Acts 17:5ff., 13; Acts 18:6, 12–13; Acts 19:9; Acts 20:3; Acts 21:27ff.; Acts 23:12ff.). Swindoll - "Although the Christian church had once been a part of the Jewish synagogue in many cities, when opposition grew from Jews who didn’t accept Jesus as the Messiah, synagogues eventually rejected Jews who accepted the Messiah and ejected the Jewish Christians from their fellowship." (See Insights on Revelation) Newell - Terrible words! Satan early entrenched himself against Christ and His gospel in Judaism,—“those who pretended to have the legitimate, hereditary claim to be God’s people.” (Revelation 2)
Apocalipse 2
McGee - Fear none of those things" is the encouragement of the Lord to His own in the midst of persecutions. This is the second time in this book that the Lord has offered this encouragement. History tells us that multitudes went to their death singing praises to God. (Ibid) John Stott - Here was an appeal to be faithful and not to be afraid. Faith and fear are opposites. They cannot coexist. Faith banishes fear. “When I am afraid,” wrote the Psalmist, “I put my trust in you” (Ps 56:3). There is no other course to take. Jesus prescribed the same remedy. “Don’t be afraid,” he used to say, “just believe” (Mark 5:36). True, here the call is to faithfulness rather than to faith, but we need to remember that faith and faithfulness are the same word in Greek. This is because it is from faith that faithfulness springs. Trust in Christ, and we shall ourselves be trustworthy. Rely on Christ, and we shall be reliable. Depend on Christ, and we shall be dependable. Have faith in Christ, and we shall be faithful—faithful if necessary even to the point of death. The way to lose fear is to gain faith. (What Christ thinks of the church : Revelation 1-3 expounded) GOD TESTS SAINTS TO PURIFY AND STRENGTHEN Behold (idou) - Jesus says listen up! You don't want to miss this! It will not be good news, but if they forewarned, their hearts and minds will be forearmed and ready for the attack which Jesus predicts will soon come on the overcomers in Smyrna. The devil (diabolos) is about to cast (ballo) some of you into prison (phulake), so that (term of purpose) you will be tested (peirazo) - Note the repetition of about to (again mello in present tense) indicating that this diabolical action was imminent! Note the word "some" indicating not all would be imprisoned. The term so that identifies a purpose clause and should always stimulate us to seek to glean the purpose and what are the prerequisites of the purpose. God allowed the devil a short chain, just like He did with Job (Job 1:12, 2:6), but he was still on God's omnipotent chain! And God would use evil for good fulfilling Romans 8:28+ (cf Ge 50:20) for the saints at Smyrna. Here the purpose is clearly stated that you will be tested. Notice Jesus does not say you might be tested but you will be tested. This is one of those "promises" that you probably won't find in God's book of promises! The perpetrator again was the devil. The test was not to destroy but to purify the saints and their faith (cf James 1:2-4+). 🙏 THOUGHT - Do you think there is any relationship between two uses of the devil (Satan) in the poor church at Smyrna which was spiritually rich and no mention of the devil against the rich church at Laodicea which was spiritually poor? Just thinking! “When God puts His own people into the furnace, He keeps His eye on the clock and His hand on the thermostat. He knows how long and how much.” -- Warren Wiersbe Charles Swindoll - Satan may be permitted to persecute the church, but as in the case of Job’s suffering, God-appointed limits constrain what Satan can do. (See Insights on Revelation) McGee - You and I tend to blame the immediate person or circumstance which serves as Satan's tool, but the Lord Jesus goes back to the root trouble. (Thru the Bible Commentary Vol. 58: The Prophecy (Revelation 1-5) - BORROW) Note that the verb for tested is peirazo which is a morally neutral word. So the test can be for good (Heb 11:17) or for evil (Mt 4:1+). The purpose of the test depends on the intent of the one giving the test. When the scriptural context clearly indicates the testing is an enticement to evil, the word is most frequently translated tempt, which carries a negative connotation. In this passage it is translated as tested, because God allows the devil to test them and God's goal is their purification. Or stated another way the devil meant to tempt them to do evil, while God means to test them for their good. John
Apocalipse 2
Vernon McGee - “Even where Satan’s seat [throne] is” reveals that religion was big business in Pergamum and that Satan’s headquarters were there. This ought to settle the question for those who think that Satan is in hell at the present time. He has never yet been in hell because hell hasn’t opened up for business yet. Satan will not be in hell until much later, as we shall see in chapter 20. At the present, Satan is loose and is the prince of this world, controlling kingdoms and going up and down the earth as a roaring lion, hunting for whom he may devour (see 1 Pet. 5:8). But he does have headquarters, and Christ said they were in Pergamum at that time. Since those days, I think that he has moved his headquarters around to different places. I used to get the impression that he had moved them to Los Angeles, and he may have done so because that is another great religious center of every kind of cult and “ism” and schism. (Revelation 2) Lehman Strauss points out that "Satan's throne is not in hell. This whole idea of Satan's headquarters being in hell is preposterous. Satan is "the prince of this world" (John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11). So said Christ Himself on at least three occasions. Paul and John taught likewise that Satan held leadership over this world system (2 Corinthians 4:4; Ephesians 2:2; 1 John 4:3-4; 5:19). His rule extends to both the celestial and the terrestrial spheres.This religious city was an ideal place for Satan to establish his headquarters inasmuch as his most effective work is accomplished through religious organizations and institutions. While communism and atheism are avowed enemies of Jesus Christ, and therefore under Satan's control, Satan himself operates to his greatest advantage through his demons who pose as ministers of righteousness." (Borrow The Book of the Revelation: Outlined Studies) (Bolding added) For such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ. 14 No wonder, for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light. 15 Therefore it is not surprising if his servants also disguise themselves as servants of righteousness, whose end will be according to their deeds. (2 Corinthians 11:13-15+) A T
Apocalipse 2
Vernon McGee - The believer needs to feed on Christ—this is a must for spiritual growth. And, actually, Christ is hidden from view; He is not known or understood in our day. My, how folk misrepresent Him and abuse Him! Lawson on hidden manna - In the OT, manna was the heavenly food that God provided for His people in the wilderness. It was manna that the Israelites were eating when they encountered Balaam! In contrast to the food offered to idols, God provided holy food from above. Christ is the true mann, the living bread that comes down from above (Jn 6:35). This speaks of our fellowship with Him. Christ invited the church at Laodicea to "dine" with Him (Rev 3:20). Dining is a picture of close intimate fellowship with another person. Here believers are promised sweet communion with Christ forever! Why is it called hidden? Because it is a sweet communion that the world does not know (ED: NOR DESIRE) -- it can only be known by faith. Jesus offers spiritual bread, unseen to the natural eye, as opposed to the bread that can be seen and eaten. (BORROW his challenging book - Final Call - Letters to the 7 churches) In sweet communion, Lord, with you I constantly abide; my hand you hold within your own to keep me near your side. 🙏 THOUGHT - Sweet communion we experience with Jesus today will pale in comparison to the future fellowship in the bye and bye! Whatever you are experiencing today, take a few minutes and think upon your blessed future (cf Php 4:8) which forever trumps the present now! John Stott on hidden manna - the hidden manna points beyond our present taste of Christ to the heavenly feast which awaits us. Denying ourselves the luxury of food offered to idols in this life, the banquet will be the richer in the next. (BORROW What Christ thinks of the church : Revelation 1-3 expounded) And I will give him a white (leukos) stone and a new name written on the stone which no one knows but he who receives it - Note the repetiion of the verb give, speaking of the magnanimous grace of Jesus! Jesus gives two more promises to overcomers. Note that interpretation of this verse is difficult therefore we have to cautious and not be dogmatic (see Gotquestions comment below). Paige Patterson - The possibilities associated with the white stone are much more numerous. No explanation has proven strong enough to convince even a majority of the commentators. Hemer’s listing of possibilities include the following: (1) a jewel in Old Testament or Jewish tradition; (2) the judicial calculus Minervae, the casting of a vote for acquittal; (3) a token of admission, membership, or recognition; (4) an amulet with a divine name; (5) a token of gladiatorial discharge; (6) an allusion to a process of initiation into the service of Aesculapius; or (7) simply as a writing material whose form or color was significant. (Page 110 Revelation: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition) Lawson on white stone - This could mean one of two things. First, in ancient times, a white stone referred to the judicial practice of registering a voe of acquittal (cf Acts 26:10). In a courtroom, a judge would render his verdict by placing a white or black pebble in an urn. Black meant condemned. White meant acquitted. If we will confess our sin and repent, then Christ will register a verdict of acquittal. Confession brings forgiveness. Repentance reverses the court's decision o certain condemnation. Another understanding, and the more probable explanation, arises from another use of white stones in the first-century culture. White stones were often given as a symbol of appreciation and acceptance or specifically as a means of admission to a special event. Christ promises all true believers that in overcoming, hey will be rewarded with eternal acceptance and admission into His presence. (BORROW his challenging book - Final Call - Letters to the 7 churches) John Stott has an interesting thought on new name - What will be written on the white stone will be a new name … known only to the one who receives it (v. 17). The intimate self-revelation promised by Christ to the believer in paradise will be private and personal. Heaven will indeed be a community, but that does not mean that we shall be like a herd of indistinguishable cattle. We shall retain our individuality and our personal relationship to Christ. (BORROW What Christ thinks of the church : Revelation 1-3 expounded) NET Note - On the interpretation of the stone, L&N 2.27 states, “A number of different suggestions have been made as to the reference of ψῆφος in this context. Some scholars believe that the white ψῆφος indicates a vote of acquittal in court. Others contend that it is simply a magical amulet; still others, a token of Roman hospitality; and finally, some have suggested that it may represent a ticket to the gladiatorial games, that is to say, to martyrdom. The context, however, suggests clearly that this is something to be prized and a type of reward for those who have ‘won the victory.’ ” Donald Grey Barnhouse suggests a possible meaning of this secret name -- "I am called Doctor by those who know me least, Pastor by some who know me more closely. My given name is used by close friends. My children call me Father or Daddy. A mother has called me Son, while in the most intimate of all human 9 relationships (marriage), there is a place for endearing names which refinement will not permit to be bandied about in public. Not even in letters will these names be used. The actual presence of the loved one is demanded for the use of the names which even the children of the family do not know." Michael Andrus follows up Barnhouse's explanation noting that "This is the kind of intimacy promised to the overcoming believer by the Lord Jesus Christ. The bridegroom will whisper to His bride a tender name that shall not be known to anyone else, even to the angels. When I was a boy we used to sing a song based on this verse, “There’s a new name written down in glory, and it’s mine, oh yes it’s mine.” (To Pergamum: The Too Free Church) John MacArthur on white stone - There has been much speculation about what the white stone symbolizes. Some link it with the Urim and Thummim on the breastplate of the high priest (Ex. 28:15, 30; Lev. 8:8; Num. 27:21; Deut. 33:8). Those stones were used to determine God’s will and represented the right of the high priest to request guidance from God for the leader who could not approach God directly, but had to come through the priestly structure. Somehow, God caused those stones to disclose His will in a form beyond just the simple yes and no of casting lots. According to this view, by this white stone God promises the overcomers knowledge of His will. Others identify the white stone as a diamond, the most precious of stones, symbolizing God’s precious gift of eternal life to believers. It seems best, however, to understand the white stone in light of the Roman custom of awarding white stones to the victors in athletic contests. A white stone, inscribed with the athlete’s name, served as his ticket to a special awards banquet. In this view, Christ promises the overcomers entrance to the eternal victory celebration in heaven. (See Revelation Commentary) Charles Swindoll suggests that "The reference to the “white stone” inscribed with a new name is less certain. It may symbolize special access to God because of their new identity in Christ, perhaps alluding to a white stone “ticket” used for admission into the theatre at Pergamum. Or it may refer to believers’ verdict of “not guilty” because of their relationship with Christ, their substitute and advocate. In the ancient world either black or white stones were sometimes cast to indicate a decree of guilt or innocence. Regardless of how the Christians in Pergamum understood these symbols, we can understand the big picture: if you remain faithful and take a stand for truth and morality, the result will be great reward from Christ upon His return." (See Insights on Revelation) “When someone loves you, the way they say your name is different. Your name is safe in their mouth.” You—and your name—are safe with God. -- Dave Roper MacArthur on new name - There will be a new name written on the stone which no one knows but he who receives it. As is self-evident from that phrase, we cannot know what that new name is until we receive it (cf. Deut. 29:29+). Kainos (new) does not mean new in contrast to old in time, but new in the sense of qualitatively different. The new name will serve as each believer’s admission pass into eternal glory. It will uniquely reflect God’s special love for and adoption of every true child of His. (See Revelation Commentary) Lawson on new name - A new name indicates a new identity. A new standing. A new beginning. It reflects a believer's new status in Christ. This new name is unknown to others. No one else can possibly know fully what Christ means to me or to you. The relationship between Christ and the believer is so intimate and personal that the full depths of such a spiritual experience cannot be known by anyone else. Do you see how these three fit together? One day each of us will be accepted (white stone) into the presence of Christ to enjoy sweet fellowship (hidden manna) according to our new status in Christ (new name). What do these images remind you of in our present culture? Think of the analogy of marriage. A young couple stands at the altar. The glow on the face of the bride reflects a profound anticipation. She comes to the altar with a white stone on her finger (ED: engagement ring, cf "pledge of our inheritance" Eph 1:14) to receive a new name and identity to enter into a richer, deeper relationship with the one whom she loves. God has chose to use the common marriage experience as a picture of our future glory with Him. A wedding feast awaits us (Revelation 19:1-10) at which time we -- His brie -- will be fully accepted into a more intimate relationship with Him. Just as a bride receives a new name, so shall we who overcame. Like the bride at the altar, our hearts should be filled with anticipation of the glorious consummation of our relationship with Christ. This anticipation should motivate us to spiritual purity and fidelity today. (BORROW his challenging book - Final Call - Letters to the 7 churches) Henry Alford on new name - “These very terms (a new name written) seem to require that it should be the recipient’s own name,—a new name, however; a revelation of his everlasting title, as a son of God, to glory in Christ, but consisting of, and revealed in, those personal marks and signs of God’s peculiar adoption of himself, which he and none else is acquainted with. If the heart ‘knoweth its own bitterness, and a stranger intermeddleth not with its joy,’ (Proverbs 14:10), then the deep, secret dealings of God with each of us during those times by which our sonship is assured and our spiritual strife carried on to victory, can, when revealed to us in the other blessed state, be known thoroughly to ourselves only,” Herbert Lockyer -Here, again, that promise is personalized, "To him that overcomes." Even a company of overcomers is formed by the exercise of faith and spiritual energy of each one. Often we have to fight the good fight of faith alone. What peculiar sweetness characterizes this promise! The twice repeated "I give," enhances the value of the promised rewards. First of all, the overcomer is to feast on "the hidden manna." Israel's manna, spoken of as "angel's food," and "the bread of God" (Psalm 78:25; John 6:33) was certainly not "hidden," since it lay on the face of the ground round the camp where it could be seen and gathered. There was, however, manna hid in a "golden pot" and for some 500 years. This "hidden manna" told its tale of Christ in humiliation, but to God alone (Exodus 16:33; Hebrews 9:4). Such a pot was hid from the gaze of the people. The reward of the future is the feasting upon the moral beauties and perfections of Him who is presently hid from our eyes. He who enables His saints to fight and overcome, will, in all His fulness, be their reward. The second part of the promise speaks of a white stone with its new name unknown to any, save the possessor of the stone. What are we to understand by this particular stone bearing its secret name? Walter Scott, in his Exposition of Revelation, gives us this most instructive explanation: "A "white stone" was largely employed in the social life and judicial customs of the ancients. Days of festivity were noted by a white stone; days of calamity by a black stone. A host's appreciation of a special guest was indicated by a white stone with a name or message written on it. A white stone meant acquittal! A black stone condemnation in the courts of justice." The Spirit promises the overcomer a white stone bearing the new name known only to the happy recipient. Can this suggest the mighty Victor's personal delight in each one of the conquering band, following Him in the train of His triumph? As to the new name, alone known to the overcomer, can this mean that Christ will be known in a special and peculiar way to each of those to be rewarded? Is there to be a secret communication of love and intelligence be-tween Christ and the overcomer, in joy which none can share, a reserved token of appreciative love? Scott says "In the glory of the hidden manna is the expression of our appreciation of Christ in His humiliation; while the white stone equally sets forth His appreciation of us as overcomers. His and our individual path here are points respectively set forth in the glory by the symbols of the "manna" and the "stone."" (Borrow All the promises of the Bible) QUESTION - Why is God going to give us a white stone with a new name? ANSWER - In the Bible, there is only one reference to God giving us a white stone with a new name: “To the one who is victorious, I will give some of the hidden manna. I will also give that person a white stone with a new name written on it, known only to the one who receives it” (Revelation 2:17). The meaning of the white stone is a mystery to Bible scholars. However, several interpretations have been offered: In ancient Greece, jury members would cast a white stone to signify an acquittal, whereas a black stone proclaimed the defendant guilty. The weakness of this interpretation is that the stones cast in the courts did not have names inscribed on them. A small object called a “tessera,” made of wood, stone, clay or bone, conveyed special privileges to its owner. The ancient Romans used tesserae as tokens of admittance to events in the arena. However, tesserae did not have to be white, and the durability of the materials used is questionable. A white stone was often used as an amulet or charm. However, this custom was associated with sorcery, so it would be odd if the Bible used it as a symbol of salvation. Another interpretation has to do with the building material used during the time John wrote Revelation. Important buildings were commonly made of white marble, including the temple of Asclepius in Pergamum (the city of the church Jesus is addressing in Revelation 2:17). In front of the temple were white marble pillars engraved with the names of people supposedly healed by the god. One problem with this interpretation is that the Greek word used in this verse, psephon properly means “pebble,” not “stone.” One of the better-accepted explanations of the white stone has to do with the high priest’s breastplate, which contained twelve stones. Each of these stones had the name of one of the twelve tribes of Israel engraved on it (Exodus 28:21). As he ministered in the temple, the high priest bore the names of God’s people into God’s presence. In the same way, the “white stone” with the believer’s name written on it could be a reference to our standing in God’s presence. Another widely held explanation suggests that the white stone may be a translucent precious stone such as a diamond. The word translated “white” in Revelation 2:17 is leukos and can also mean “brilliant, bright.” This interpretation holds that on the stone is written the name of Christ, not the name of the believer. Revelation mentions that the name of Christ is written on the foreheads of the saints (Revelation 3:12; Revelation 14:1, and Revelation 14:20). The best theory regarding the meaning of the white stone probably has to do with the ancient Roman custom of awarding white stones to the victors of athletic games. The winner of a contest was awarded a white stone with his name inscribed on it. This served as his “ticket” to a special awards banquet. According to this view, Jesus promises the overcomers entrance to the eternal victory celebration in heaven. The “new name” most likely refers to the Holy Spirit’s work of conforming believers to the holiness of Christ (see Romans 8:29; Colossians 3:10).GotQuestions.org Related Resource: Why did God sometimes change a person’s name in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org APPLICATION OF TRUTH IN LETTER TO PERGAMUM - Michael Andrus Conclusion: Friends, are you guarding your freedom in Christ? Are you guarding it in the sense of not letting legalists steal it from you? But just as importantly, are you guarding it in the sense of not using it as an excuse for indulging yourself, nor making unholy alliances with a pagan world? “Come out from among them and be separate, says the Lord. Touch no unclean thing and I will receive you. I will be a Father to you, and you will be my sons and daughters, says the Lord Almighty.” (2 Cor. 6:17,18) The Apostle Paul warns us (2 Cor. 2:11 and Eph. 6:11) to be aware of Satan’s schemes. He is shrewd and powerful, but not very creative. He uses the same tactics over and over. He used the old Balaam trick on ancient Israel and then 1500 years later repeated it in Pergamum. And he will use it again today if we let him, especially if we, like Balaam, look good on the outside but on the inside are living a double life. If a church doesn’t deal with heresy and immorality in its midst, Christ will. And it won’t be a pretty sight. In fact it may be downright ugly. Jesus has the power of the sword and will use it to keep His bride, His Church, pure for the coming wedding feast in heaven. The “Too Free Church” will be cut down by His mighty sword for permitting the erosion of its moral fiber and integrity. God is calling us instead to be overcomers who are known by our moral integrity and who are looking forward to receiving our invitation to heaven’s wedding feast with our new name engraved on it. (Sermon) PS - If you want more discussion of Balaam, Pastor Andrus spends the first 5 pages giving background on Balaam (including a discussion of the talking donkey) in his;Sermon. Robert Neighbor - The Overcomers at Pergamos "He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the Churches: To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it." (Rev. 2:17) The church had gotten into a sad condition at Pergamos, but there were left certain ones who had not bowed the knee to Baal. God always has, in every age and under every condition, those who stand aloof and who go all the way with Him. In order to grasp the beauty of the Pergamos overcomers, we may follow our same general line of study, as that pursued in the Ephesus and Smyrna overcomers. 1. We have the vision of Christ. "These things saith He that hath the sharp sword with the two edges." Of course, we all know there is but one two-edged sword which the Master handles, it is sharp enough to divide between soul and spirit and the joints and marrow and it is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart — it is the Word of God. 2. We have the vision of a church grown worldly and of a church under bondage to men. To be sure the sharp sword must cut between such a union and sever such a bondage. God has said, "Be ye separate." He also said, "Be not the servants of men." Saints today are living in the midst of church conditions absolutely forbidden in the Word of God. If they are to be reckoned as "overcomers" they must pay the price of standing aloof. It is far more comfortable to the flesh to keep in the procession, to swing on in the apostasy than it is to be overcomers and to stem the tide. 3. We have the vision of disaster to those who continue under the sway of Balaamism and Nicolaitan-ism — "Repent, or else I will come unto thee quickly, and fight against thee with the sword of My mouth." It is God's Word which will judge the saints, both professors and possessors. Men today deny that Word, but they must either stand or fall before it some day. When the sword falls it will cut a wide sweep, and its keen blade will be felt by many good-meaning Christians who have drifted with the tide. 4. We have the vision of those who overcome the Pergamos departure from Christ, those who are true, but isolated and maligned 'mid the world-mixing conditions that surround them. (1) "TO HIM THAT OVERCOMETH I GIVE THE HIDDEN MANNA." Once again the mind goes back. This time to the people who were separated from Egypt, and isolated unto God. A people who dwelt alone and were not reckoned with the nations. To them, as they journeyed their wilderness way, God gave the manna from Heaven. So also to the overcomers will be given the Heavenly manna. Again, our mind goes on to another day. It is the day when the Pergamos overcomers will stand before the Lord. They once dwelt alone, they once were not reckoned among the nations. Now they are blessed — they, too, shall eat the Manna. Of course, the manna is the Word of God. To the overcomer that Word is not a sharp sword that cuts asunder; it is the Bread that came down from Heaven to feed and to sustain. This manna is "hidden," because "the natural man receiveth not the things of God, * * neither can he know them, because thy are spiritually discerned" (I Cor. 2:14). This manna is given to the overcomer, because "He hath revealed it (His Word) unto us by His Spirit, for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God" (I Cor. 2:10). (2) "TO HIM THAT OVERCOMETH WILL I GIVE * * A WHITE STONE, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it." We do not know the full significance of this white stone, one thing we do know — our God has made a "tryst" with those who overcome Balaamism and Nicolaitanism and He will keep His "tryst" — The "white stone" assures us that God will not be unfaithful to forget our "separation" unto Him. The new name is written in the "white stone." It is a name which will be suggestive and full of meaning — applicable only to the one who wears it and to Him Who gives it. Bless God, for the "white stone" and for its inscribed name. Question: What is the hidden manna mentioned in Revelation 2:17? Answer: In part of the Lord’s message to the church of Pergamum, we read, “Whoever has ears, let them hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who is victorious, I will give some of the hidden manna” (Revelation 2:17). The book of Revelation is an example of apocalyptic literature, which features symbolism and sometimes bizarre imagery in its presentation of prophecy. The “hidden manna” mentioned in the letter to Pergamum is one example of such symbolism. Quite simply, the hidden manna is a symbolic picture of Jesus Christ. As the manna of the Exodus sustained and strengthened the Israelites for the forty years of desert wanderings, so Jesus strengthens and sustains us spiritually as we walk through this life on our way to heaven. Jesus is the “manna” from heaven—the spiritual sustenance we need—and it is promised to us. Jesus Himself made the connection between the manna of Moses’ day and His own provision of salvation: “I am the bread of life. Your ancestors ate the manna in the wilderness, yet they died. But here is the bread that comes down from heaven, which anyone may eat and not die. I am the living bread that came down from heaven. Whoever eats this bread will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. . . . This is the bread that came down from heaven. Your ancestors ate manna and died, but whoever feeds on this bread will live forever” (John 6:48–51, 58). The manna that sustained the Israelites was a foreshadowing of the sacrifice of Christ; the manna mentioned in Revelation 2:17 is another, symbolic reference to Christ. As a symbol, the hidden manna of Revelation 2:17 is not to be taken literally; in other words, Jesus is not speaking of something we literally eat. Rather, the Bread of Life is something we “ingest” in another, non-physical way. We receive the benefits of salvation by faith (John 1:12). The manna is “hidden” in that it is given exclusively to believers in Christ. Only believers will reap the benefits of salvation. The unbelieving world that rejects Christ will never know the joy and satisfaction of faith in Him. The recipient of the hidden manna is specified in Revelation 2:17 as “the one who is victorious.” The overcomer is one who endures in his faith, despite trials and hardships. Overcomers are followers of Christ who successfully resist the power and temptation of this world. An overcomer holds fast to faith in Christ until the end. He demonstrates complete dependence upon the Lord Jesus through thick and thin. First John 5:4–5 encourages us that all who are born again will overcome this world: “For whatever is born of God overcomes the world; and this is the victory that has overcome the world—our faith. Who is the one who overcomes the world, but he who believes that Jesus is the Son of God?” As we seek to remain faithful to Jesus, living in light of His death, burial, and resurrection for forgiveness of sins, and resisting the temptations of the world, we are promised goodness. The hidden manna from heaven will be ours. Even if the world cannot understand how, we will be strengthened. We will be sustained. (Source: GotQuestions.org) The Danger of Discounting Doctrine By Dr. Melvin Worthington Scripture: Revelation 2:12–17, especially verse 14 But I have a few things against you, because you have there those who hold the doctrine of Balaam. (NKJV) Introduction: Why do we emphasize doctrine in an age in which it’s disdained? Why do we hold tightly to our beliefs in a day in which everyone believes what they want? Revelation 2:11–17, the Lord’s message to the church at Pergamos, deals with the danger of doctrinal compromise. This church was indifferent to subtle influences that corrupted its teachers and endangered the spiritual life of its membership. 1. The Designation of Christ (v. 12). The “angel” probably refers to the pastor or bishop of the church. The church in Pergamos was established early since it is one of the seven churches addressed by Christ. Antipas was martyred there, the first Christian put to death by the Roman state. Revelation 2 mentions Pergamos as the place “where Satan’s throne is,” probably referring to the temples in which the Roman emperors worshiped. This city was located in Mysia, an ancient province of Asia, in the Caicus valley. The city had a great library and four beautiful temples representing the gods Zeus, Dionysus, Athena, and Asklepios. In addressing this letter, Christ describes Himself as having a two-edged sword. The sword, a symbol of judgment, denotes the Lord’s vengeance on the guilty world. To those who refuse to own His absolute authority, the sword must do its sure work in the execution of judgment. 2.The Discernment of Christ (v. 13). Jesus declares that He knows their works. Jesus knows where they live. He commends them for holding fast His name and their refusal to deny their faith in spite of the martyrdom of Antipas. Christ knows our temptations and takes into consideration our circumstances. The church is commended for holding fast His name in spite of its circumstances. They were not ashamed of their relationship to Christ. 3. The Denunciation of Christ (vv. 14, 15). This church, however, tolerated the Nicolaitan sect and those who held the doctrine of Balaam. Although the Savior could approve their general course, He could not approve their toleration of these who held to a pernicious error that sapped the very foundation of morals. The church was indifferent to subtle inward influence that corrupted its teachers and endangered the spiritual life of its congregation. It was a church with devotion and yet lax in dealing with doctrinal error. The false teachers taught the same doctrine as Balaam and, therefore, deserved to be classed with him. The doctrine of Balaam permitted heathen religious rituals, which led to the doctrine of the Nicolaitans that sanctioned immoral practices. The essence of Balaamism is worldliness. It is a grave mistake for the church to make a union with the world. Satan seeks to nullify the power of the church by mixing Christianity with worldliness. Some churches today are seducing their members away from Christ by providing worldly amusements unworthy of Christ. The church must preach and practice sound doctrine. Doctrinal distortion, dilution, and defection lead to disaster. 4. The Directive of Christ (v. 16). Christ issued a sharp command to repent. Unless the church repents, judgment will be swift and decisive. In spite of their faithfulness, the evil character of those things that were tolerated in the church was so serious to the mind of Christ that He would judge the church with the sword of His mouth. The impending judgment, unless they repented, was designed for their edification and salvation. The church was condemned for its laxity. While all in the church did not practice the deeds or adhere to the deeds condemned by Christ, the church tolerated them in the assembly. The pastor of this church had not practiced or imbibed the reprobate deeds, but neither had he denounced them nor opposed their entrance into the church. 5. The Disclosure of Christ (v. 17). Christ admonished the church to hear, heed, hold, and honor the Spirit’s words. He assured the church that overcomers would be given hidden manna to eat and a white stone with a new name written on it which no man would know without receiving it. Conclusion: Doctrinal defection is a real danger for the church today. Every church must maintain doctrinal purity. The message to the church at Pergamos is valid for the church today. Diligence, discernment, and discipline are necessary to maintain doctrinal purity, for we are commanded to contend earnestly for the faith that has been once for all delivered to the saints (Jude 3) STATS, STORIES, AND MORE Research by George Barna: Almost half of born again Christians (45%) agree that Satan is “not a living being but is a symbol of evil.” (2001) About one-third of born again Christians (34%) believe that if a person is good enough they can earn a place in heaven. (2001) Fifteen percent of born again Christians claim that “after He was crucified and died, Jesus Christ did not return to life physically.” (2000) About one out of four (26%) born again Christians believe that it doesn’t matter what faith you follow because they all teach the same lessons; a belief held by 56% of non-Christians. (2000) Someone Once Said: The chief need of the present age is great theology.—Dr. Loraine Boettner Great saints have always been dogmatic.—A. W. Tozer There can be no spiritual health without doctrinal knowledge.—J. I. Packer We cannot have the benefits of Christianity if we shed its doctrines.—D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones The time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine.—2 Timothy 4:3 Doctrinal Maps: In Mere Christianity, C. S. Lewis says that doctrines are like maps. They are not the reality and may not be as exciting as reality, but they chart reality for us in a vital way. Just as studying a map of the shore of the Atlantic is not as exciting as walking along the Atlantic coast itself, so studying the doctrine of Atonement is not exactly the same as the experiencing the Cross itself. But the purpose of a map is to represent, graph, and explain the reality. If you want to find your way, you need to have a reliable map and consult it frequently. FOR THE BULLETIN ※ On June 5, A.D. 404, the great preacher, John Chrysostom of Antioch, was deposed and exiled. An ancient biography states, “Chrysostom received it with calm submission, and after a final prayer in the cathedral with some of his faithful bishops … he surrendered himself to the guards and was conveyed at night to the Asiatic shore. He had scarcely left the city, when the cathedral was consumed by fire.” ※ Boniface, the apostle to the Germans and perhaps the greatest missionary of the Dark Ages, was slain on this day in 754. Boniface was an Englishman, born in A.D. 680. He entered a monastery and at age 30 was ordained. He felt a strong missionary call, and in 718 traveled to Germany where he traveled from village to village, smashing idols, destroying temples, and preaching the gospel. On June 5, 755, a band of hostile pagans fell upon him as he camped by the River Borne. He was slain while clutching the Bible in his hand. ※ June 5, 988, is the traditional date for the conversion of Russia to Christianity under Grand Prince Vladimir who personally oversaw the baptism of the majority of the population of Kiev, the capital of his realm. ※ On June 5, 1414, the Bohemian reformer John Huss appeared before the Council of Constance. He was condemned and burned the next month. ※ June 5, 1955 marks the founding of L’Abri Fellowship in Switzerland by Francis and Edith Schaeffer. APPROPRIATE SONGS AND HYMNS Redeemed, James Rowe/S.A. Ganus; Public Domain. We Believe, Todd Warren; © 1997 Doulos Publishing; Admin. by Maranatha! Music. How Firm a Foundation, George Keith/Anne Steele/John Rippon/Joseph Funk; Public Domain. WORSHIP HELPS Call to Worship: Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments and His ways past finding out! (Rom. 11:33 NKJV) Scripture Reading Medley: As I urged you when I went into Macedonia—remain in Ephesus that you may charge some that they teach no other doctrine, nor … any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine according to the glorious gospel … the doctrine which accords with godliness. For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine, but according to their own desires, because they have itching ears, they will heap up for themselves teachers; and they will turn their ears away from the truth, and be turned aside to fables. The Spirit expressly says that in the latter times some will depart from the faith, giving heed to deceiving spirits and doctrines of demons, speaking lies in hypocrisy, having their own conscience seared with a hot iron … Reject profane and old wives’ fables, and exercise yourself toward godliness. All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for re-proof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work. (1 Tim. 1:3, 10, 11; 6:3; 2 Tim. 4:3, 4; 1 Tim. 4:1, 2, 7; 2 Tim. 3:16, 17 NKJV) Benediction: Lord, in Your truth we go forth. With Your gospel, we leave this place. With Your blessings, we bid one another farewell. May God be with us till we meet again. Amen. Source - Preacher's Sourcebook - 2005 THE PERGAMOS CHURCH Revelation 2:12–17 - Croft Pentz The Pergamos church was known for its toleration of sin. One cannot tolerate sin in his life without it affecting his spiritual life. The same is true for churches. A compromising church will lose its influence and power. The person and church should hate sin, but love the sinner. I.THE CHURCH—vv. 12–13 A. Place—v. 12. The Pergamos church was located fifty miles north of Smyrna. B. Persistence—v. 13. They were faithful to God in the midst of satanic power. Their faithfulness was revealed by the fact that they stayed true to God even after the slaying of Antipas. These people knew the reality of 1 John 4:4. C. God knew the people. 1. I know thy works. 2. I know where thou dwellest. 3. Thou holdest fast my name. 4. Thou hast not denied my name. II. THE COMPLAINT—vv. 14–15 A. Sinful problem—v. 14. “And yet I have a few things against you. You tolerate some among you who do as Balaam did when he taught Balak how to ruin the people of Israel by involving them in sexual sin and encouraging them to go to idol feasts” (LB). B. Sinful practice—v. 15. The sins of Nicolaitanes were the sins of sexual impurity (adultery and fornication). C. Sincere purity. Purity is a personal matter. See 1 Corinthians 6:19; 2 Corinthians 7:1; 1 John 2:15–17. Christian liberty is not a license to live as we please. We must live according to the laws of God. III. THE CHOICE—v. 16 A. Denouncement. The word repent has several meanings. 1. To change 2. Sorry enough to quit sinning 3. Mourning for faults and failures (cf. Luke 13:3) B. Destruction. If they did not repent, God would come and destroy them. IV. THE COMPENSATION—v. 17 A. Opening. “He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.” Note the words, “They have ears, but they hear not” (Ps. 115:6). B. Overcoming. “To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna.” This speaks of eternal life (John 3:16; 11:25–26). The white stone represents innocence; the black stone represents guilt. The person who thinks lightly of sin, thinks lightly of God. All hidden sin will some day be revealed. If a person’s sin is not revealed on earth, it will be revealed at the last great judgment day (Rev. 20:11–15). The church should not tolerate sin. Sin should be exposed, confessed, and removed. When this is done, God’s power will come to the person, as well as to the church. Why is God going to give us a white stone with a new name? Answer: In the Bible, there is only one reference to God giving us a white stone with a new name: “To the one who is victorious, I will give some of the hidden manna. I will also give that person a white stone with a new name written on it, known only to the one who receives it” (Revelation 2:17). The meaning of the white stone is a mystery to Bible scholars. However, several interpretations have been offered: • In ancient Greece, jury members would cast a white stone to signify an acquittal, whereas a black stone proclaimed the defendant guilty. The weakness of this interpretation is that the stones cast in the courts did not have names inscribed on them. • A small object called a “tessera,” made of wood, stone, clay or bone, conveyed special privileges to its owner. The ancient Romans used tesserae as tokens of admittance to events in the arena. However, tesserae did not have to be white, and the durability of the materials used is questionable. • A white stone was often used as an amulet or charm. However, this custom was associated with sorcery, so it would be odd if the Bible used it as a symbol of salvation. • Another interpretation has to do with the building material used during the time John wrote Revelation. Important buildings were commonly made of white marble, including the temple of Asclepius in Pergamum (the city of the church Jesus is addressing in Revelation 2:17). In front of the temple were white marble pillars engraved with the names of people supposedly healed by the god. One problem with this interpretation is that the Greek word used in this verse, psephon properly means “pebble,” not “stone.” • One of the better-accepted explanations of the white stone has to do with the high priest’s breastplate, which contained twelve stones. Each of these stones had the name of one of the twelve tribes of Israel engraved on it (Exodus 28:21). As he ministered in the temple, the high priest bore the names of God’s people into God’s presence. In the same way, the “white stone” with the believer’s name written on it could be a reference to our standing in God’s presence. • Another widely held explanation suggests that the white stone may be a translucent precious stone such as a diamond. The word translated “white” in Revelation 2:17 is leukos and can also mean “brilliant, bright.” This interpretation holds that on the stone is written the name of Christ, not the name of the believer. Revelation mentions that the name of Christ is written on the foreheads of the saints (Revelation 3:12; Revelation 14:1, and Revelation 14:20). The best theory regarding the meaning of the white stone probably has to do with the ancient Roman custom of awarding white stones to the victors of athletic games. The winner of a contest was awarded a white stone with his name inscribed on it. This served as his “ticket” to a special awards banquet. According to this view, Jesus promises the overcomers entrance to the eternal victory celebration in heaven. The “new name” most likely refers to the Holy Spirit’s work of conforming believers to the holiness of Christ (see Romans 8:29; Colossians 3:10).(Source: GotQuestions.org) A White Stone I will give him a white stone, and on the stone a new name written which no one knows except him who receives it. —Revelation 2:17 Today's Scripture: Revelation 2:12-17 Our Lord’s message to the church at Pergamum has a curious reference to “a new name” written on “a white stone” (Revelation 2:17). What could this mean? There are two plausible explanations. In an ancient court of law, when defendants were condemned, they received a black stone with their name on it. If they were acquitted, they received a white stone. Similarly, those who have trusted Jesus Christ for salvation will receive an acquittal from the judgment of God. What a relief it is to know that our sins are forgiven! Another explanation comes from the ancient olympic games. When athletes won, they were awarded a white stone, which was a token of honor. Together, these illustrations show us the wonderful balance of the Christian life. We are saved by grace through faith alone (Ephesians 2:8-9). Yet obedient Christians often struggle as they seek to serve the One who saved them. One explanation of the white stone is a picture of unearned acquittal. The other shows that we will be rewarded for acts of good works (1 Corinthians 3:13-14). We're saved by grace through faith alone, Good works can have no part; But God rewards each loving deed That's done with all our heart. —D. De Haan Jesus removes our sin and rewards our service. YOUR NAME IS SAFE I will give him a white stone, and on the stone a new name written which no one knows except him who receives it. —Revelation 2:17 There’s an old saying, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words can never hurt me.” It isn’t true. Words can hurt us most of all. In my case the hurtful words were “skinny bones”, a name given to me during my school years. I chuckle now when I think of it—no one would call me “skinny bones” these days. But back then the name wounded me. It became the way I thought of myself. My father and mother, however, had the grace and wisdom to have given me another name, David—a name that means ‘beloved’ in Hebrew. Despite the taunts I received on the playground, I knew I was loved at home. Perhaps you were one of those children who people called names: “Dummy”, “Idiot”, “Fatso” or some other cruel tag. Perhaps people still call you names or use your given name with contempt. I believe that God will one day give you a new name, a term of endearment known only by your heavenly Father and you (Rev. 2:17). His voice will convey tenderness, love and acceptance. Your name is dear to Him. YOUR NAME IS IMPORTANT TO GOD. Application of Pergamum - Swindoll - Overcoming a Culture of Compromise Our culture demands equal rights for “alternative lifestyles,” redefines and rejects traditional values, winks at sin, and glorifies rebellion; thus, Christ’s attitude toward compromise should cause us to sit up and take notice. We must constantly remember four practical principles regarding worldly compromise as we consider our own attitudes, not only toward the evil that surrounds us, but also the evil that penetrates the church. First, compromise never occurs quickly. Ships accidentally drift off course—but it’s usually not because someone suddenly pulls the wheel to starboard or port. Most often, invisible waves, currents, and winds gradually move the ship in the wrong direction. Before the ship’s crew knows it, the jagged rocks of the shoreline are ripping holes in its hull. Hebrews 2:1 presents a clear cure for the subtle drift: “For this reason we must pay much closer attention to what we have heard, so that we do not drift away from it.” The need for shoring up the fundamentals has never been greater. We need to shed ourselves of the “been there, done that” attitude when it comes to the simple truth of Scripture and the Christian faith. Like ancient sailors fixed on the northern star, we must keep our eyes on the unmoving norms of the Christian faith. Second, compromise always lowers the original standard. Compromise often begins when we try to replace God’s perfect standard of truth with our own manmade rules and regulations. Throughout history we’ve seen churches and denominations compromise on issues ranging from the inspiration of God’s Word to the deity of Christ for the sake of keeping their members or gaining larger numbers. Such compromises are never worth it! Hebrews 10:23 teaches just the opposite: “Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for He who promised is faithful.” Likewise, Jude, the brother of Jesus, exhorts believers to “contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all handed down to the saints” (Jude 3). Commit yourself neither to adding your own “truths” nor to subtracting from God’s truth. Maintain the one standard of truth and godliness. Third, compromise is seldom offensive. People who compromise regularly tend to be great politicians and excellent people-pleasers. While wise compromise over “gray” issues can prevent unnecessary offense and conflict (see 1 Cor. 10:32), worldly compromise on the truth offends the God who saved us (2 Tim. 2:12–13). Too often I see Christians walk on eggshells when they’re around sensitive believers, or they bend over backward to avoid offending others with the Christian faith. Yes, we should share the truth in love (Eph. 4:15), but we should still share the truth. John 15:19 should clear up the matter for us: “If you were of the world, the world would love its own; but because you are not of the world, but I chose you out of the world, because of this the world hates you.” Don’t expect to be loved by the general public when you refuse to compromise. Finally, compromise is often the first step toward total disobedience. David’s sins of adultery and murder did not happen because of one weak moment. Much earlier, he had begun to compromise his responsibilities as a king (2 Sam. 11:1), compromise what he allowed himself to see (11:2), and compromise how he used his servants (11:3–4). These small steps, which in themselves didn’t appear important, led to a total collapse of his integrity. What small areas of compromises are you currently involved in? White lies on your taxes? Slight exaggerations on your résumé? Secret peeks at Internet pornography? Just a little harmless gossip now and then? Review these four principles of compromise, then ask yourself: What is keeping me today from heeding Christ’s warning and turning from compromise? Revelation 2:18 "And to the angel of the church in Thyatira write: The Son of God, Who has eyes like a flame of fire, and His feet are like burnished bronze, says this: to the angel of the church in Thyatira: Rev 2:1 Rev 1:11 Son of God Ps 2:7 Mt 3:17 Mt 4:3-6 Mt 17:5 Mt 27:54 Lu 1:35 Jn 1:14,49 Jn 3:16,18,35,36 Jn 5:25 Jn 10:36 Ac 8:37 Ro 1:4 Ro 8:32 who: Rev 1:14-15 Revelation 2 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Acts 16:14-15+ (THYATIRA MAY HAVE BEEN A CHURCH PLANT BY LYDIA) A woman named Lydia, from the city of Thyatira, a seller of purple fabrics, a worshiper of God, was listening; and the Lord opened her heart to respond to the things spoken by Paul. 15 And when she and her household had been baptized (THIS COULD HAVE FORMED THE NUCLEUS FOR A NEW CHURCH), she urged us, saying, “If you have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house and stay.” And she prevailed upon us. Ruins At Thyatira Swindoll entitles this section "Thyatira: The Church Where Tolerance Went to Seed." He also calls this letter "THE SMALL TOWN WITH A BIG PROBLEM." He adds "Thyatira was originally founded as a shrine to the sun god Tyrimnus, whose description generally echoed that of Christ in Revelation 2:18." (See Insights on Revelation) And to the angel of the church in Thyatira write - See "JESUS' PATTERN TO ALL HIS CHURCHES." Related Passage: Daniel 10:6 His body also was like beryl, his face had the appearance of lightning, his eyes were like flaming torches, his arms and feet like the gleam of polished bronze, and the sound of his words like the sound of a tumult. Comment - There is similarity between this person and Christ in Rev 1:12-16 and so some thin this was indeed Christ. Walvoord explains that "Although there is room for debate even among conservative scholars, the evidence seems more in favor of considering this a theophany. In this case, the man of Da 10:5–6 is to be distinguished from the angel of Da 10:10–14 as well as Michael mentioned in Da 10:13. Although mighty angels are frequently difficult to distinguish from God Himself, as in other visions such as those in Ezekiel and Revelation, the similarity between the man described in Da 10:5–6 and the glorified Christ in Revelation 1:13–15 has led conservative expositors such as Young and Keil to consider the man a genuine theophany or an appearance of Christ as the Angel of Jehovah." (Bolding added) The Son of God - Son of God is found only here in Revelation (although the unique relationship between the Father and the Son is stressed in Rev 1:6; 2:27; 3:5; etc.),. What is the meaning? In the most basic terms, this identifies the Speaker as Jesus and that He is deity! Recall that the Caesars were often referred to as "Son of God." Son of God - Matt. 4:3; Matt. 4:6; Matt. 8:29; Matt. 26:63; Matt. 27:40; Matt. 27:43; Matt. 27:54; Mk. 1:1; Mk. 3:11; Mk. 15:39; Lk. 1:35; Lk. 3:38; Lk. 4:3; Lk. 4:9; Lk. 4:41; Lk. 22:70; Jn. 1:34; Jn. 1:49; Jn. 3:18; Jn. 5:25; Jn. 10:36; Jn. 11:4; Jn. 11:27; Jn. 19:7; Jn. 20:31; Acts 8:37; Acts 9:20; Rom. 1:4; 2 Co. 1:19; Gal. 2:20; Eph. 4:13; Heb. 4:14; Heb. 6:6; Heb. 7:3; Heb. 10:29; 1 Jn. 3:8; 1 Jn. 4:15; 1 Jn. 5:5; 1 Jn. 5:10; 1 Jn. 5:12; 1 Jn. 5:13; 1 Jn. 5:20; Rev. 2:18 Who has eyes like a flame of fire - "eyes like a raging fire" (Osborne) - The eyes like a flame of fire speak of His penetrating gaze (His omnicience) and fire is often associated with righteous judgment (Rev 19:11+, cf Heb 10:27, 2Pe 3:7). We see a parallel phrase in Rev 2:23 "I am He who searches the minds and hearts." Revelation 1:14-15+ His head and His hair were white like white wool, like snow; and His eyes were like a flame of fire. 15 His feet were like burnished bronze, when it has been made to glow in a furnace, and His voice was like the sound of many waters. Revelation 19:12+ His eyes are a flame of fire, and on His head are many diadems; and He has a name written on Him which no one knows except Himself. – Comment - CLEARLY JESUS IS RETURNING TO JUDGE THE WORLD. NOTE – here not like but “eyes are a flame of fire” – POINT = This is metaphor. It is absurd to imagine Jesus’ eyes burning with fire. It is metaphor similar to Jesus referring to Himself as the DOOR in John 10:9. So just as Jesus is not a literal door, His eyes are not a literal fire We have to use our sanctified imagination! Hebrews 4:13+ And there is no creature hidden from His sight, but all things are open and laid bare to the eyes of Him with Whom we have to do. Proverbs 15:3+ The eyes of the LORD are in every place, Watching the evil and the good. Swindoll on Jesus eyes like a flame of fire - What did His probing eyes see in Thyatira? He pierced the outer shell of faithful believers characterized by love, faith, service, and perseverance (Rev. 2:19). Hiding behind that commendable group thriving in their spiritual lives, Christ saw a dark spot of cancerous sin eating away from the inside. (See Insights on Revelation)
Apocalipse 2
Vernon McGee - Works are actually credentials of true believers. James says, "Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works" (James 2:18). The six words of commendation are: "Works" were the credentials of real believers. There were many who lived spotless lives and by their good works "adorned the doctrine." "Love." It was a church in which there was love, in spite of the fact that it had gone in for ritualism. "Faith." Though it is placed after works and love in this instance, it is the mainspring that turns the hands of works and love. "Ministry" is service. "Patience" is endurance in those days of darkness. "Thy last works are more than the first." In this church, works increased rather than diminished. All six virtues are produced within the believer by the Holy Spirit. Service (1248) diakonia is probably derived from dioko = to pursue, "to be a follower of a person, to attach one's self to him:" - Vincent.) means the rendering or assistance or help by performing certain duties, often describing service of a humble, submissive or menial nature, including such mundane activities as waiting on tables or caring for household needs—activities without apparent dignity. Diakonia, ministry, represents service of whatever character, and specially voluntary service, in contrast to bondservice. The Meter Reader I know your works, love, service, faith, and your patience; and as for your works, the last are more than the first. — Revelation 2:19 Today's Scripture: Revelation 2:18-29 Meter readers brave wind, rain, dogs, and dark basements to check gas, electric, and water usage in homes. But in some cities today, gas meters have radio transmitters. Mobile vans equipped with radio receivers and computers can collect readings by simply driving by. While a good meter reader could check 250 meters a day, a van cruising residential streets can cover almost 100 times more in the same period. Yet, such technology is nothing compared to God’s ability to know everything about all of us, all of the time. If mere mortals can devise means of drive-by monitoring, how much more can the infinite, ever-present God know all our ways and thoughts! Jesus described Himself to the church of Thyatira as “the Son of God, who has eyes like a flame of fire” (Rev. 2:18). It is with infinite and intimate knowledge that He says to us, “I know your works, love, service, faith, and your patience” (v.19). And with that knowledge, He says, “I have a few things against you” (v.20). Is any thought more reassuring—or sobering? Jesus’ eyes are like fire, burning away all coverings. This truth should humble us as we look for His return. By: Mart DeHaan Take control of my life today, Let Thy will be also mine, That in each thought and word and deed, I shall be forever Thine. —Sees Those who know God will be humble; those who know themselves cannot be proud. Revelation 2:20 'But I have this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, and she teaches and leads My bond-servants astray so that they commit acts of immorality and eat things sacrificed to idols. NET Revelation 2:20 But I have this against you: You tolerate that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, and by her teaching deceives my servants to commit sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols. CSB Revelation 2:20 But I have this against you: You tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess and teaches and deceives My slaves to commit sexual immorality and to eat meat sacrificed to idols. ESV Revelation 2:20 But I have this against you, that you tolerate that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess and is teaching and seducing my servants to practice sexual immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols. NIV Revelation 2:20 Nevertheless, I have this against you: You tolerate that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess. By her teaching she misleads my servants into sexual immorality and the eating of food sacrificed to idols. NLT Revelation 2:20 "But I have this complaint against you. You are permitting that woman-- that Jezebel who calls herself a prophet-- to lead my servants astray. She teaches them to commit sexual sin and to eat food offered to idols. NRS Revelation 2:20 But I have this against you: you tolerate that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophet and is teaching and beguiling my servants to practice fornication and to eat food sacrificed to idols. NJB Revelation 2:20 Nevertheless, I have a complaint to make: you tolerate the woman Jezebel who claims to be a prophetess, and by her teaching she is luring my servants away to commit the adultery of eating food which has been sacrificed to idols. NAB Revelation 2:20 Yet I hold this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, who teaches and misleads my servants to play the harlot and to eat food sacrificed to idols. YLT Revelation 2:20 'But I have against thee a few things: That thou dost suffer the woman Jezebel, who is calling herself a prophetess, to teach, and to lead astray, my servants to commit whoredom, and idol-sacrifices to eat; GWN Revelation 2:20 But I have something against you: You tolerate that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophet. She teaches and misleads my servants to sin sexually and to eat food sacrificed to idols. BBE Revelation 2:20 But I have this against you, that you let the woman Jezebel say she is a prophet and give false teaching, making my servants go after the desires of the flesh and take food offered to false gods. RSV Revelation 2:20 But I have this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess and is teaching and beguiling my servants to practice immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols. NKJ Revelation 2:20 "Nevertheless I have a few things against you, because you allow that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, to teach and seduce My servants to commit sexual immorality and eat things sacrificed to idols. ASV Revelation 2:20 But I have this against thee, that thou sufferest the woman Jezebel, who calleth herself a prophetess; and she teacheth and seduceth my servants to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed to idols. MIT Revelation 2:20 But I am down on you because of your tolerance for that woman Jezebel who calls herself a prophet. She teaches and misleads my servants to be immoral sexually and to eat food dedicated to idols. I have: Rev 2:4,14 woman: 1Ki 16:31 17:4,13 19:1,2 21:7-15,23-25 2Ki 9:7,30-37 leads...astray: Rev 2:14 Ex 34:15 Nu 25:1,2 Ac 15:20,29 1Co 8:10-12 10:18-21,28 Revelation 2 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Acts 20:28“Be on guard for yourselves and for all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood. 29 “I know that after my departure savage wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock; 30 and from among your own selves men will arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away the disciples after them. 31 “Therefore be on the alert, remembering that night and day for a period of three years I did not cease to admonish each one with tears. 32“And now I commend you to God and to the word of His grace, which is able to build you up and to give you the inheritance among all those who are sanctified. Revelation 2:14 ‘But I have a few things against you, because you have there some who hold the (SEDUCTIVE, FALSE) teaching of Balaam, who kept teaching Balak to put a stumbling block before the sons of Israel, to eat things sacrificed to idols and to commit acts of immorality. Jezebel Thrown Down and Eaten by Dogs! JESUS CHANGES DIRECTION ADDRESSING THE "JEZEBEL PROBLEM!" But (alla - strong adversative) - Term of contrast, a little word with big meaning! Jesus abruptly "changes direction" (an "about face") from commendation to condemnation. In this next section the Son of God really turns up the heat (cf "eyes like a flame of fire" and "feet...like burnished bronze") ESV Study Bible (borrow) - Thyatira’s strengths and weaknesses are the inverse of those at Ephesus. This church is strong in love evidenced in works; but it lacks discernment and tolerates heresy. I have this against you - MIT = "But I am down on you." NLT = "I have this complaint against you." KJV is not accurate "Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee." (Rev 2:20KJV) It does not say a few things but this (thing) referring to the Jezebel problem. John