Lucas 22
James Montgomery Boice · Citado em PreceptAustin
Lucas 22
Boice - Not long ago a friend sent me a card with a picture of a small boy wearing a straw hat and floating on an inner tube on a tranquil country pond. His head was thrown back. He was in perfect peace. The caption read: "Each life needs its own quiet place." The verses we come to next in Matthew 26 (AND HERE IN LUKE) are like that. They are a quiet place at the center of the storm that is about to break. The rulers of the people are plotting how they might take Jesus' life. Judas has offered to betray Jesus to them at the earliest possible opportunity. Evil is afoot. But while it is gathering, Jesus collects his disciples for one final time of fellowship and teaching before the crucifixion. (An Expositional Commentary) Related Resource: What happened in the upper room? Luke 22:12 "And he will show you a large, furnished upper room; prepare it there." KJV Luke 22:12 And he shall shew you a large upper room furnished: there make ready. And he will show you John 2:25; 21:17; Acts 16:14,15 large, furnished upper room Acts 1:13; 20:8 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Alfred Edersheim - Make Ready the Passover Alfred Edersheim - The Paschal Supper GOD LEAVES NOTHING TO "CHANCE" Parallel Passages Matthew - There is no parallel description. Mark 14:15+ “And he himself will show you a large upper room furnished and ready; prepare for us there.” And he will show you a large, furnished upper room; prepare it there - Notice that Jesus does not divulge location but only that the disciples would be led by this nameless man (presumably a disciple) to the unnamed location. Barclay on upper room - The better class houses had two rooms. The one room was on the top of the other; and the house looked exactly like a small box placed on top of a large one. The upper room was reached by an outside stair. During the Passover time all lodging in Jerusalem was free. The only pay a host might receive for letting lodgings to the pilgrims was the skin of the lamb which was eaten at the feast (ED: ANOTHER SOURCE SAYS THEY WOULD ALSO GIVE THE HOST THE VESSELS USED IN THE MEAL). A very usual use of an upper room was that it was the place where a Rabbi met with his favourite disciples to talk things over with them and to open his heart to them. Jesus had taken steps to procure such a room. A T Robertson on upper room - Anything above ground (gē), and particularly upstairs as here. Here and in Mk 14:15. Example in Xenophon. Jesus wishes to observe this last feast with his disciples alone, not with others as was often done. Evidently this friend of Jesus was a man who would understand. Furnished upper room - The typical furnishing would have included a low table (or a couch called a triclinium) and pillows (and possibly carpets) on which to recline. Furnished (4766)(stronnuo) means literally to spread (e.g., “to spread the clothes over a bed,” Liddell-Scott). Here it describes a room arranged in a suitable manner for a Seder (Passover) which Marvin
Lucas 22
Boice - The Gospel of Matthew: The Triumph of the King, Matthew 18-28). Determined (fixed, predetermined) (3724)(horizo from horos = boundary; English "horizon") means to establish a boundary and so make a determination about an entity. Who determined this sinister event? Not the Devil, not Judas, not the Jewish leaders but God -- God determined that His Son would be "delivered over" and be "nailed to a cross by the hands of godless men and put to death." (cf similar use of horizo in Acts 2:23+; cf Acts 4:28) In short, Jesus went to the cross so that the Word of God would be fulfilled, for as Jesus said "all things which are written about Me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled.” (Lk 24:44+, Mt. 26:54). While God is sovereign and in complete control of the events leading to His Son's death, Judas was still held to be personally responsible for his willful betrayal, and thus "perished (as) the son of perdition (JUDAS), so that the Scripture would be fulfilled (See Ps 109:8, Acts 1:20)." (Jn 17:12). Horizo - 8v - appointed(2), declared(1), determined(3), fixes(1), predetermined(1). Lk. 22:22; Acts 2:23; Acts 10:42; Acts 11:29; Acts 17:26; Acts 17:31; Rom. 1:4; Heb. 4:7 Woe (How dreadful!) (3759 - click and select "Phonetics" to hear "ouai" pronounced) (ouai pronounced "oo-ah'ee," an eerie, ominous foreboding sound some say is like the cry of an eagle) is an onomatopoeic word (an imitation of the sound) which serves as an interjection expressing a cry of intense distress, displeasure or horror. It conveys a warning of impending disaster to the hearers. Most NT uses of ouai are in the context of warning about inevitable, impending judgment, often intermingled with a feeling of pity (Lk 22:22 = Judas' betrayal). Why is this such a horrible "woe" for Judas? Because of all the people in history, Judas had more light than anyone and yet rejected the light. Consequently, Judas will be relegated to the nadir of Hell, forever suffering more horrible eternal punishment than any other human being. (See Lk 10:13-15+, Mt 11:21-24). Just imagine Judas standing before His Judge (Jesus) to hear His sentence (Rev 20:11-12+)! Ouai - 47x in 36v - woe(46), woes(1). Matt. 11:21; Matt. 18:7; Matt. 23:13; Matt. 23:14; Matt. 23:15; Matt. 23:16; Matt. 23:23; Matt. 23:25; Matt. 23:27; Matt. 23:29; Matt. 24:19; Matt. 26:24; Mk. 13:17; Mk. 14:21; Lk. 6:24; Lk. 6:25; Lk. 6:26; Lk. 10:13; Lk. 11:42; Lk. 11:43; Lk. 11:44; Lk. 11:46; Lk. 11:47; Lk. 11:52; Lk. 17:1; Lk. 21:23; Lk. 22:22; 1 Co. 9:16; Jude 1:11; Rev. 8:13; Rev. 9:12; Rev. 11:14; Rev. 12:12; Rev. 18:10; Rev. 18:16; Rev. 18:19 Betrayed (handed over) (3860)(paradidomi) means to hand one over to the power of another. Judas for 30 pieces of silver gave Jesus over to the power and authority of the Jewish leaders. Paradidomi in Luke and Acts - Lk. 1:2; Lk. 4:6; Lk. 9:44; Lk. 10:22; Lk. 12:58; Lk. 18:32; Lk. 20:20; Lk. 21:12; Lk. 21:16; Lk. 22:4; Lk. 22:6; Lk. 22:21; Lk. 22:22; Lk. 22:48; Lk. 23:25; Lk. 24:7; Lk. 24:20; Acts 3:13; Acts 6:14; Acts 7:42; Acts 8:3; Acts 12:4; Acts 14:26; Acts 15:26; Acts 15:40; Acts 16:4; Acts 21:11; Acts 22:4; Acts 27:1; Acts 28:17 Luke 22:23 And they began to discuss among themselves which one of them it might be who was going to do this thing. KJV Luke 22:23 And they began to enquire among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing. Mt 26:22; Mark 14:19; John 13:22-25 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Matthew 26:22+ Being deeply grieved, they each one began to say to Him, “Surely not I, Lord?” Mark 14:19-20+ They began to be grieved and to say to Him one by one, “Surely not I?” 20 And He said to them, “It is one of the twelve, one who dips with Me in the bowl. John 13:22-23+ The disciples began looking at one another, at a loss to know of which one He was speaking. 23 There was reclining on Jesus’ bosom one of His disciples, whom Jesus loved. NO ONE SUSPECTED JUDAS And they began to discuss among themselves which one of them it might be who was going to do this thing - And (kai) links this closely with Jesus' statement about His betrayal! This statement is found only in Luke's Gospel. Here the disciples were debating this among themselves, the present tense indicating this was an ongoing dialogue. Luke summarizes their three questions addressed to Jesus, first a question of "wholesome self-distrust," "Surely not I?" (Mt 26:22, Mk 14:19), secondly, Judas' hypocritical question "Surely, not I, Rabbi?" (Mt. 26:25) and finally John's question whispered to Jesus "Lord, who is it?" (Jn 13:25). The apostle John gives us additional interactions between the disciples (especially Peter and John) not found in the Synoptic accounts... When Jesus had said this (esp Jn 13:18), He became troubled in spirit, and testified and said, “Truly, truly, I say to you, that one of you will betray Me.” 22 The disciples began looking at one another, at a loss to know of which one He was speaking. 23 There was reclining on Jesus’ bosom one of His disciples, whom Jesus loved (JOHN ON JESUS' RIGHT SIDE). 24 So Simon Peter gestured to him (TO JOHN SUGGESTING HE WAS DIRECTLY ACROSS FROM JESUS AND JOHN), and said to him, “Tell us who it is of whom He is speaking.” 25 (BUT JOHN DID NOT KNOW SO) He, leaning back thus on Jesus’ bosom, said to Him, “Lord, who is it?” 26 Jesus then answered, “That is the one for whom I shall dip the morsel and give it to him.” So when He had dipped the morsel, He took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot. (A HOST GIVING A MORSEL TO A GUEST WAS A SIGN OF FRIENDSHIP -- WHAT A BITTER IRONY! = JESUS' GRACIOUS ACT OF FRIENDSHIP REVEALED JUDAS' EGREGIOUS ACT OF BETRAYAL OF FRIENDSHIP! THIS IS NOT THE INITIATION OF THE LORD'S SUPPER IN Lk 22:19) 27 After the morsel, Satan then entered into him (Cf Lk 22:3+ - THIS SEEMS TO DESCRIBE A SECOND TIME THE DEVIL GAINED CONTROL OF JUDAS). Therefore Jesus said to him, “What you do, do quickly.” (Cf JESUS STATEMENT IN THE GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE - Mt 26:50) 28 Now no one of those reclining at the table knew for what purpose He had said this to him (APPARENTLY EVEN JOHN HAD NOT FULLY GRASPED WHAT JESUS HAD SAID IN Jn 13:26). 29 For some were supposing, because Judas had the money box, that Jesus was saying to him, “Buy the things we have need of for the feast”; or else, that he should give something to the poor (TRADITIONALLY THIS WAS DONE BY THE JEWS AT PASSOVER). 30 So after receiving the morsel he went out immediately; and it was night (IN MORE WAYS THAN ONE! cf "this hour and the power of darkness are yours." - Lk 22:53+ = Judas was obeying the "prince of darkness." As