Êxodo 23
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
Êxodo 23
MacArthur - Requiring all males to be present for 3 specified feasts at a central sanctuary would have had a socially and religiously uniting effect on the nation. The men must trust the Lord to protect their landholdings while on pilgrimage to the tabernacle (cf. Ex 34:23, 24). All 3 feasts were joyful occasions, being a commemoration of the Exodus (the Feast of Unleavened Bread), an expression of gratitude to God for all the grain He had provided (the Feast of the Harvest), and a thanksgiving for the final harvest (the Feast of Ingathering). (MSB) Bush on Lord God - Heb. אל פני האדן יהוה el penë ha-Adon Yehovah, (BEFORE LITERALLY = ) to the face of the Lord Jehovah. NET Note - Here the divine Name reads in Hebrew הָאָדֹן יְהוָה (ha’adon yéhvah), which if rendered according to the traditional scheme of “LORD” for “Yahweh” would result in “Lord LORD.” A number of English versions therefore render this phrase “Lord GOD,” and that convention has been followed here. Rayburn - Since each feast was celebrated at a harvest, the commandment not to come empty-handed was easy to fulfill. Exodus 23:18 "You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread; nor is the fat of My feast to remain overnight until morning. NET Exodus 23:18 "You must not offer the blood of my sacrifice with bread containing yeast; the fat of my festal sacrifice must not remain until morning. NLT Exodus 23:18 "You must not offer the blood of my sacrificial offerings together with any baked goods containing yeast. And do not leave the fat from the festival offerings until the next morning. ESV Exodus 23:18 "You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with anything leavened, or let the fat of my feast remain until the morning. blood: Ex 12:8,15 34:25 Lev 2:11 7:12 De 16:4 remain: Ex 12:10 Lev 7:15 Exodus 23 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread - Some suggest these regulations apply only to the Passover, but others think they refer to all three.
Êxodo 23
MacArthur - Canaanite ritual, according to excavations at Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit), called for sacrificial kids to be boiled in milk, but the damaged Ugaritic text does not clearly specify mother’s milk. If it were so, then it is understandable that Israel was being prevented from copying pagan idolatrous ritualism. Another option suggests that the dead kid was being boiled in the very substance which had sustained its life; hence the prohibition. Until more archeological information comes to light, the specific religious or cultural reason remains as supposition.
Êxodo 23
MacArthur on hornets - Fear and panic did play a strategic role in the victories in Transjordan and Canaan (Nu 22:3; Jos 2:9, 11; 5:1; 9:24). An alternative non-figurative view is based upon the bee or wasp being a heraldic symbol of Egyptian pharaohs whose steady succession of military strikes into Canaan year after year God providentially used to weaken Canaan prior to the invasion by Israel. (MSB) Hornet (06880)(tsirah from tsara/tsaraath - to scourge, to be stricken with leprosy) Gilbrant says "The noun tsirāh is perhaps derived from a verb that means "to scourge," "to strike," referring to the idea of piercing (stinging), which does not differ much from the idea of striking. The word is found only three times in the OT (Ex. 23:28; Dt. 7:20; Josh. 24:12). Hornets and wasps in warm countries moved from place to place in large swarms and would often attack travelers." NIOTTE - The word is found only 3× in the OT. All three vv. refer to God’s driving out the peoples in Canaan before Israel. The reference may be taken literally, hornet’s nest, wasp’s nest; hornet, wasp (so LXX, σφήκια, wasp’s nest; cf. σφήκν, a wasp), or figuratively. Yahweh’s sting may well have been the dread/fear of him upon the inhabitants when they heard of what he did to Egypt. The report psychologically incapacitated them much as a wasp’s/hornet’s sting does (Josh 2:10–11). Exodus 23:27 (אֵימָה, terror) may support this view if considered to be parallel in thought with v. 28. But v. 28 could be a further (synthetic) development of v. 27, adding the means for the dread, terror. The hornet may be the messenger of the Lord, who leads Israel (Exod 23:20). P-B The LXX translates צִרְעָה each time with σφήκια. (sphekia = wasps' nest) In Late Hebrew the term is taken literally. There were supposedly two attacks/plagues of hornets, one in Moses’ day, one in Joshua’s day (Sot. 36[a]. Hornets were considered dangerous to life and could be killed on the Sabbath (cf. Jastrow 2:1303). Related Resources: Kitto Biblical Cyclopedia Hornet wasp McClintock and Strong's Bible Encyclopedia Hornet or Wasp (lengthy article) Wikipedia article on hornets - So that - Term of purpose. Literal or figurative supernaturally enabled "hornets" would cause anyone to run and thus would be used by God to drive out these pagan nations. They will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you - They refers to the "hornets" Rayburn - In all likelihood the “hornet” here is being used as a metaphor: something that causes fright or panic. Many scholars, however, think that, because the bee or hornet is found on Egyptian heraldry as a symbol of Pharaoh, the reference here is to the Egyptian army which, at this time, made periodic raids into Canaan and so weakened the Canaanites before Israel took them on during the conquest. Exodus 23:29 "I will not drive them out before you in a single year, that the land may not become desolate and the beasts of the field become too numerous for you. NET Exodus 23:29 I will not drive them out before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the wild animals multiply against you. NLT Exodus 23:29 But I will not drive them out in a single year, because the land would become desolate and the wild animals would multiply and threaten you. ESV Exodus 23:29 I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the wild beasts multiply against you. LXE Exodus 23:29 I will not cast them out in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the beasts of the field multiply against thee. KJV Exodus 23:29 I will not drive them out from before thee in one year; lest the land become desolate, and the beast of the field multiply against thee. NIV Exodus 23:29 But I will not drive them out in a single year, because the land would become desolate and the wild animals too numerous for you. ASV Exodus 23:29 I will not drive them out from before thee in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the beasts of the field multiply against thee. CSB Exodus 23:29 I will not drive them out ahead of you in a single year; otherwise, the land would become desolate, and wild animals would multiply against you. NKJ Exodus 23:29 "I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the beast of the field become too numerous for you. NRS Exodus 23:29 I will not drive them out from before you in one year, or the land would become desolate and the wild animals would multiply against you. YLT Exodus 23:29 I cast them not out from before thee in one year, lest the land be a desolation, and the beast of the field hath multiplied against thee; year: De 7:22 Jos 15:63 Josh 16:10 Josh 17:12,13 Jdg 3:1-4 Exodus 23 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: “The LORD your God will clear away these nations before you little by little; you will not be able to put an end to them quickly, for the wild beasts would grow too numerous for you." (Deut 7:22) I will not drive them out before you in a single year - Note the emphasis on God's sovereign power in regard to driving out the pagan peoples. Obviously the book of Joshua tells us that Joshua led northern and southern campaigns to root out the pagan peoples, but it was God Who gave them the power to be victorious. THOUGHT - Beloved, the principles in this passage are true in every believer's life. Israel was promised a land, but we are promised a life, even one that can be abundant in Christ (cf Jn 10:10. And just as the LORD drove out their enemies, and Israel had to do their part and carry out warfare, so too believers are called to carry out the battle for holiness but they can be victorious only as they learn to rely on the supernatural power of the Holy Spirit and the Holy Word. Are you experiencing repeated spiritual defeats? While there could be several reasons (unconfessed sin, unforgiving spirit, etc), one of the major impediments to driving out the "pagans" in our life and occupying the promised life, is that we fail to understand and avail ourselves of the power God provides to us through His Spirit (Eph 3:16+, 2 Cor 12:9+, Lk 4:14+), the sufficiency of His Word (2 Pe 1:3+, Col 3:16+) and the provision of His precious and magnificent promises in Christ Jesus (2 Pe 1:4+), by which we "may become partakers of the divine nature (THE PROMISED LIFE IN CHRIST), having escaped the corruption that is in the world by lust." See The Holy Spirit-Walking Like Jesus Walked! and the "Paradoxical Principle of 100% Dependent and 100% Responsible" (100/100). So God did not drive out the pagan peoples in single year. How long did it take to conquer the promised land? Charles Swindoll in his introduction to the book of Joshua writes "The events of the book of Joshua span about twenty-five years, starting soon after the death of Moses (Joshua 1:1) around 1406 BC, before the conquest commenced. The conquest of Canaan took about seven years, and Joshua’s final address and subsequent death came almost twenty years later. The book begins with the nation of Israel poised at the banks of the Jordan River, across from Jericho. It records the details of numerous military campaigns that defeated the inhabitants of the land. The book ends with Joshua’s regathering of the nation for his final exhortation. (Introduction) And if we compare the book of Judges, we read a very sad description of what transpired in the Promised Land after Joshua died and God had to raise up judges... But it came about when the judge died, that they would turn back and act more corruptly than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them and bow down to them; they did not abandon their practices or their stubborn ways. 20 So the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He said, “Because this nation has transgressed My covenant which I commanded their fathers and has not listened to My voice, 21 I also will no longer drive out before them any of the nations which Joshua left when he died, 22 in order to (HERE IS WHY HE LEFT SOME OF THE PAGAN PEOPLES) test Israel by them, whether they will keep the way of the LORD to walk in it as their fathers did, or not.” 23 So the LORD allowed those nations to remain, not driving them out quickly; and He did not give them into the hand of Joshua. (Judges 2:19-23+). That the land may not become desolate and the beasts of the field become too numerous for you - It the land became desolate or sparsely populated, the wild animals were increase. Ancient Israel is not like modern Israel, but it was a forested land which had large, aggressive carnivorous animals such as lions and bears (read David's testimony to King Saul - 1 Sa 17:34-37). If the population declined too quickly, the beasts would proliferate. (See mammals in modern Israel) John MacArthur - The occupation would be a gradual but effective process taking longer than a year to accomplish, but ensuring full control of a land in good condition and not left desolate by a sweeping and destructive warfare. The reference to the multiplication of wild beasts if the land was desolated underscores the fertility of the land and its ability to support life. Alan Cole on the beasts of the field become too numerous - For the real possibility of multiplication of wild beasts, see 2 Kings 17:25, where the lions represent a major danger to the ‘Samaritan’ colonists of Israel, the so-called ‘proselytes of the lion’. In Malaysia, during the communist ‘emergency’ in the years following World War II, tigers increased alarmingly in some areas, since no hunter had leisure or opportunity to deal with them. Additional reasons for the gradual nature of the conquest are given in Judges 2:20–3:4 (to teach succeeding generations to fight: to test their faith: and so on). Exodus 23:30 "I will drive them out before you little by little, until you become fruitful and take possession of the land. NET Exodus 23:30 Little by little I will drive them out before you, until you become fruitful and inherit the land. NLT Exodus 23:30 I will drive them out a little at a time until your population has increased enough to take possession of the land. ESV Exodus 23:30 Little by little I will drive them out from before you, until you have increased and possess the land. LXE Exodus 23:30 By little and little I will cast them out from before thee, until thou shalt be increased and inherit the earth. KJV Exodus 23:30 By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land. NIV Exodus 23:30 Little by little I will drive them out before you, until you have increased enough to take possession of the land. ASV Exodus 23:30 By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land. CSB Exodus 23:30 I will drive them out little by little ahead of you until you have become numerous and take possession of the land. NKJ Exodus 23:30 "Little by little I will drive them out from before you, until you have increased, and you inherit the land. NRS Exodus 23:30 Little by little I will drive them out from before you, until you have increased and possess the land. YLT Exodus 23:30 little by little I cast them out from before thee, till thou art fruitful, and hast inherited the land. Exodus 23 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries I will drive them out before you little by little, until you become fruitful and take possession of the land - In Deuteronomy we read why this will be more of a process (little by little) than a one time event. Rayburn - There are several reasons given for the fact that Israel did not conquer Canaan all at once and once for all. Some others are given in Judges 2:20-3:4. David Thompson - God’s principle of development is “little by little.” God develops us little by little, not all at once. He wants us always growing and depending on Him all the way through life. God would not drive them out all at once so that the land would not become desolate. God would drive out the enemies little by little until they are completely eliminated. (Sermon) Alan