Êxodo 34
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
Êxodo 34
MacArthur adds "children would feel the impact of breaches of God’s law by their parents’ generation as a natural consequence of its disobedience, its hatred of God. Children reared in such an environment would imbibe and then practice similar idolatry, thus themselves expressing hateful disobedience. The difference in consequence served as both a warning and a motivation. The effect of a disobedient generation was to plant wickedness so deeply that it took several generations to reverse." (MSB) Visiting (punishing) (06485)(paqad) has the basic meaning or to intervene or to inspect. In a number of contexts it is used in the good sense (a good "visit")(Ge 50:24-25KJV,) The sense in the present passage is a "bad" visit, a visit by God in which He will call people to account for their sins. Related Resources: What does the Bible say about breaking generational curses? | GotQuestions.org Can God break the cycle of generational sin? | GotQuestions.org Are children punished for the sins of their parents? | GotQuestions.org Exodus 34:8 Moses made haste to bow low toward the earth and worship. NET Exodus 34:8 Moses quickly bowed to the ground and worshiped NLT Exodus 34:8 Moses immediately threw himself to the ground and worshiped. ESV Exodus 34:8 And Moses quickly bowed his head toward the earth and worshiped. NIV Exodus 34:8 Moses bowed to the ground at once and worshiped. KJV Exodus 34:8 And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshipped. LXE Exodus 34:8 And Moses hasted, and bowed to the earth and worshipped; ASV Exodus 34:8 And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshipped. CSB Exodus 34:8 Moses immediately bowed down to the ground and worshiped. NKJ Exodus 34:8 So Moses made haste and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshiped. NRS Exodus 34:8 And Moses quickly bowed his head toward the earth, and worshiped. YLT Exodus 34:8 And Moses hasteth, and boweth to the earth, and doth obeisance, Ex 4:31 Ge 17:3 2Ch 20:18 Exodus 34 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MOSES WORSHIPS ON THE MOUNTAIN Moses made haste to bow low toward the earth and worship: Bowing low speaks of his willingness to humble himself before the LORD. Worship also conveys the sense of bowing down, so it is as if he bowed down while bowing down. Note that Moses is responding to a "sermon" from Jehovah in verses 6-7 which obviously is great "theology" and which prompts grateful worship. This is the proper response we should all have in the presence of God. Bush - And Moses made haste, and bowed, &c. No doubt the effect of this overpowering display at once upon the senses and the soul of Moses was a kind of rapture, which while it left him in the possession of his reason, still prompted him with the utmost expedition suitably to acknowledge and improve the amazing manifestation of mercy now vouchsafed to him. THOUGHT - Doctrine should lead to doxology. Great "theology" precedes and always should lead to Great Worship of our Great God as we bow in humble adoration and praise in awe of His exalted character. Think of Paul's reaction after the greatest 11 chapters of doctrine and theology in the Bible (Romans 1-11) and how he ends his great doctrinal section with a great doxology (Ro 11:33-36). Exodus 34:9 He said, "If now I have found favor in Your sight, O Lord, I pray, let the Lord go along in our midst, even though the people are so obstinate, and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us as Your own possession." NET Exodus 34:9 and said, "If now I have found favor in your sight, O Lord, let my Lord go among us, for we are a stiff-necked people; pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for your inheritance." NLT Exodus 34:9 And he said, "O Lord, if it is true that I have found favor with you, then please travel with us. Yes, this is a stubborn and rebellious people, but please forgive our iniquity and our sins. Claim us as your own special possession." ESV Exodus 34:9 And he said, "If now I have found favor in your sight, O Lord, please let the Lord go in the midst of us, for it is a stiff-necked people, and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for your inheritance." NIV Exodus 34:9 "O Lord, if I have found favor in your eyes," he said, "then let the Lord go with us. Although this is a stiff-necked people, forgive our wickedness and our sin, and take us as your inheritance." KJV Exodus 34:9 And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us; for it is a stiffnecked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance. LXE Exodus 34:9 and said, If I have found grace before thee, let my Lord go with us; for the people is stiff-necked: and thou shalt take away our sins and our iniquities, and we will be thine. ASV Exodus 34:9 And he said, If now I have found favor in thy sight, O Lord, let the Lord, I pray thee, go in the midst of us; for it is a stiffnecked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance. CSB Exodus 34:9 Then he said, "My Lord, if I have indeed found favor in Your sight, my Lord, please go with us. Even though this is a stiff-necked people, forgive our wrongdoing and sin, and accept us as Your own possession." NKJ Exodus 34:9 Then he said, "If now I have found grace in Your sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray, go among us, even though we are a stiff-necked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us as Your inheritance." NRS Exodus 34:9 He said, "If now I have found favor in your sight, O Lord, I pray, let the Lord go with us. Although this is a stiff-necked people, pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for your inheritance." YLT Exodus 34:9 and saith, 'If, I pray Thee, I have found grace in Thine eyes, O my Lord, let my Lord, I pray Thee, go in our midst (for it is a stiff-necked people), and thou hast forgiven our iniquity and our sin, and hast inherited us.' If now : Ex 33:13,17 let the Lord : Ex 33:14-16 Mt 28:20 obstinate: Ex 32:9 33:3-5 Isa 48:4 pardon : Nu 14:19 Ps 25:11 take us : Ex 19:5 De 32:9 Ps 28:9 33:12 78:62 94:14 135:4 Jer 10:16 Zec 2:12 Exodus 34 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MOSES' FOURTH INTERCESSION FOR DIVINE PRESENCE, PARDON AND POSSESSION Related Passages: Exodus 33:14-16+ And He said, “My presence shall go with you, and I will give you rest.” 15 Then he said to Him, “If Your presence does not go with us, do not lead us up from here. 16 “For how then can it be known that I have found favor in Your sight, I and Your people? Is it not by Your going with us, so that we, I and Your people, may be distinguished from all the other people who are upon the face of the earth?” Deuteronomy 9:13 “The LORD spoke further to me, saying, ‘I have seen this people, and indeed, it is a stubborn people. Don't miss the fact that this is the FOURTH time Moses has interceded for Israel since the golden calf incident - Ex 32:11, 12, 13+, Ex 32:31, 32+, Ex 33:12, 13+. He said, "If now I have found favor in Your sight, O Lord - What is the basis for his intercessory prayer? Is it not his appeal to God's benevolent grace or favor (Hebrew - chen/hen) translated with the NT word charis or grace which in simplest terms is God's unmerited favor. Grace is everything for nothing to those who don't deserve anything. Grace is what every man needs, what none can earn and what God Alone can and does freely give (see Ro 8:32+ where "freely give" is charizomai from charis = a grace gift!). Grace addresses man's sin, while mercy addresses man's misery. In Exodus 33:12+ makes a similar appeal declaring ‘I (JEHOVAH) have known you by name, and you have also found favor in My sight.’ Bush - He not only falls down in prostrate adoration on the earth, but seizes the encouraging words from the mouth of the Lord, and pleads them as a fresh argument for the forgiveness of Israel, and the continuance of his presence among them. MOSES' THREE REQUESTS (1) I pray, let the Lord go along in our midst - This is Moses' first of three requests. The Name of God Moses uses here is not Jehovah but Lord or 'adonay denoting ownership and absolute control. Adonay focuses on the rule and authority of God. It is applied to God as the owner and governor of the whole earth, the psalmist writing "Tremble, O earth, before the Lord (adonay)." (Ps. 114:7). adonay Ais used only 5x in Exodus (Ex 4:10, 13, Ex 5:22, Ex 15:17, Ex 34:9). Bush- The favors which Moses bespeaks in this verse are indeed the favors which God already explicitly promised to grant, and yet he here renews his supplication for them with redoubled earnestness; thus teaching us that the certainty of receiving good at the hand of the Lord should never roles but always quicken, our prayers and endeavors to secure it. Even though the people are so obstinate - The Hebrew word for obstinate (qasheh) is translated with the Greek adjective sklerotrachelos (literally stiff or hard neck) describing one who resists changing their behavior, like a stubborn, headstrong child does. This is the very word Stephen used to describe his Jewish audience in Acts 7:51+ “You men who are stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears are always resisting the Holy Spirit; you are doing just as your fathers did." Obstinate is two words in Hebrew, stiff and neck, and is an idiom derived from cattle used as draft animals whose power was concentrated in their neck (Hos 4:16, Jer 5:5) so in the figurative sense whoever resists the yoke is "hard-necked." Hebrew anthropology often portrays the inner will in terms of the heart, neck, and face. They were like a stubborn horse that refuses to respond to the rider's tug on the reins!
Êxodo 34
MacArthur - Requiring all males to be present for 3 specified feasts at a central sanctuary would have had a socially and religiously uniting effect on the nation. The men must trust the Lord to protect their landholdings while on pilgrimage to the tabernacle. All 3 feasts were joyful occasions, being a commemoration of the Exodus (the Feast of Unleavened Bread), an expression of gratitude to God for all the grain He had provided (the Feast of the Harvest), and a thanksgiving for the final harvest (the Feast of Ingathering). (MSB) NET Note on Lord GOD, the God of Israel - The title “Lord” is included here before the divine name (translated “GOD” here; see Ex 23:17+), perhaps to form a contrast with Baal (which means “lord” as well) and to show the sovereignty of Yahweh. But the distinct designation “the God of Israel” is certainly the point of the renewed covenant relationship. Bush - 23, 24. Thrice in the year shall all your men-children, &c. See Note on Ex. 23:14, 17, Deut. 16:16. Scarcely any feature of the religion of Israel was more remarkable than this, or more signally declarative of a particular providence watching over the covenant race. To the eye of reason it would no doubt seem that the observance of this ordinance would expose them to the incursions of the surrounding nations, who would be sure to take advantage of their absence, and rob or capture the country. To human reason too it might appear to have been sufficiently perilous to be cruel, to leave the women, the children, the aged, and the sick, in such a defenceless state. Would it not have been better, it might be asked, that certain delegates should have been appointed to repair to the place of worship in the name of all the rest of the people? But God would not be served by proxy. He commanded, therefore, all the males to keep the feasts at the place prescribed; and to remove all apprehensions as to the safety of their property or their families, he pledged himself to protect their frontier and so to overrule the minds of their enemies, that they should not even ‘desire’ to invade their land at any of those seasons. Accordingly we look in vain throughout the whole course of their subsequent history for an instance of foreign aggression made under these circumstances. The way of duty is the way of safety. Exodus 34:24 "For I will drive out nations before you and enlarge your borders, and no man shall covet your land when you go up three times a year to appear before the LORD your God. NET Exodus 34:24 For I will drive out the nations before you and enlarge your borders; no one will covet your land when you go up to appear before the LORD your God three times in the year. NLT Exodus 34:24 I will drive out the other nations ahead of you and expand your territory, so no one will covet and conquer your land while you appear before the LORD your God three times each year. ESV Exodus 34:24 For I will cast out nations before you and enlarge your borders; no one shall covet your land, when you go up to appear before the LORD your God three times in the year. NIV Exodus 34:24 I will drive out nations before you and enlarge your territory, and no one will covet your land when you go up three times each year to appear before the LORD your God. KJV Exodus 34:24 For I will cast out the nations before thee, and enlarge thy borders: neither shall any man desire thy land, when thou shalt go up to appear before the LORD thy God thrice in the year. LXE Exodus 34:24 For when I shall have cast out the nations before thy face, and shall have enlarged thy coasts, no one shall desire thy land, whenever thou mayest go up to appear before the Lord thy God, three times in the year. ASV Exodus 34:24 For I will cast out nations before thee, and enlarge thy borders: neither shall any man desire thy land, when thou goest up to appear before Jehovah thy God three times in the year. CSB Exodus 34:24 For I will drive out nations before you and enlarge your territory. No one will covet your land when you go up three times a year to appear before the LORD your God. NKJ Exodus 34:24 "For I will cast out the nations before you and enlarge your borders; neither will any man covet your land when you go up to appear before the LORD your God three times in the year. NRS Exodus 34:24 For I will cast out nations before you, and enlarge your borders; no one shall covet your land when you go up to appear before the LORD your God three times in the year. YLT Exodus 34:24 for I dispossess nations from before thee, and have enlarged thy border, and no man doth desire thy land in thy going up to appear before Jehovah thy God three times in a year. I will : Ex 34:11 23:27-30 33:2 Lev 18:24 De 7:1 Ps 78:55 80:8 enlarge : Ex 23:31 De 12:20 19:8 1Ch 4:10 covet: Ge 35:5 2Ch 17:10 Job 1:10 Pr 16:7 Ac 18:10 Exodus 34 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries GOD PROMISES SUPERNATURAL PROTECTION Related Passages: Ex 23:27-30+ “I will send My terror ahead of you, and throw into confusion all the people among whom you come, and I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you. 28 “I will send hornets ahead of you so that they will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you. 29 “I will not drive them out before you in a single year, that the land may not become desolate and the beasts of the field become too numerous for you. 30 “I will drive them out before you little by little, until you become fruitful and take possession of the land. Exodus 34:11 “Be sure to observe what I am commanding you this day: behold, I am going to drive out the Amorite before you, and the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite. For I will drive out nations before you - This reiterates the promise quoted in the passage above. God promises to do the driving out! This divine promise emphasizes God's provision of power, but Israel was still responsible to do her part to eradicate the pagans and their idolatry from the land, lest it become a snare (as it proved to do). And enlarge your borders - Presumably this refers to the territory promised to Abraham. In Ex 23:30 God promised "“I will drive them out before you little by little, until you become fruitful and take possession of the land." And since He would drive them out little by little, there would be a gradual expansion of Israel's borders. Stuart feels that "“[I will] enlarge your territory” presumably predicts the creation of the promised land as an Israelite possession by the process of its conquest (described in Josh 1–11) rather than a promise that God would keep enlarging the borders of Israel thereafter (David’s sin in seeking to establish an empire that exceeded the set boundaries [Num 34:2–12] of the promised land got him—and Israel—in great trouble [2 Sam 24]) And no man shall covet your land when you go up three times a year to appear before the LORD your God - In other words God guarantees when the males left their property unattended to obey the LORD, their property would not be plundered because they were not there to guard it. In short, if they would faithfully worship Him, they could rest assure He would faithfully protect them! The tragic irony is that if Israel failed to keep this (and the other covenant stipulations), not only would He not protect them, but He would punish them - see Lev 26:16; Deut 28:30–31, 33, 38–40!
Êxodo 34
MacArthur - Canaanite ritual, according to excavations at Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit), called for sacrificial kids to be boiled in milk, but the damaged Ugaritic text does not clearly specify mother’s milk. If it were so, then it is understandable that Israel was being prevented from copying pagan idolatrous ritualism. Another option suggests that the dead kid was being boiled in the very substance which had sustained its life; hence the prohibition. Until more archeological information comes to light, the specific religious or cultural reason remains as supposition. Stuart explains it this way - Since mother’s milk (the milk of the goat doe) was what made the goat kids grow big and strong, the folk theory developed that doe’s milk employed in the process of a sacrifice (in this case by boiling rather than by roasting on an altar) (Even Israelite sacrifices were boiled, although not exclusively when the law was properly enforced. The main way that most sacrificial meat was cooked was via boiling, after or before which it was placed on the sacrificial altar just briefly and in a token manner, since the altar was too small to cook fully all the meat that needed to come in contact with it in a day. Cf. Lev 6:28; 1 Sam 2:14; 2 Chr 35:13; Zech 14:20–21) would somehow impart strength to the goat flock, making the whole flock more fertile. Such nonsense, if believed, could have led the Israelites to conclude that the power to shape their destiny and to live the abundant life was to be found in magical practices and fertility religion rather than in the only true, alive God. Even if all other people groups known to them practiced these sorts of rituals, the Israelites could not. As Yahweh’s people, they were to be above such things, attributing all life to the single Source thereof.
Êxodo 34
MacArthur writes "A compliant and not defiant people feared the evidence of God’s presence. Exodus 34:30 Getting Beyond Ourselves Read: 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 We all, . . . beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed. —2 Corinthians 3:18 I have one of those friends who seems to be better than I am at just about everything. He is smarter; he thinks more deeply; and he knows where to find better books to read. He is even a better golfer. Spending time with him challenges me to become a better, more thoughtful person. His standard of excellence spurs me on to greater things. That highlights a spiritual principle: It’s crucial for us to spend time in God’s Word so we can connect with the person of Christ. Reading about the impact of Jesus’ unconditional love for us compels me to love without demand. His mercy and His free distribution of grace to the most undeserving make me ashamed of my tendency to withhold forgiveness and seek revenge. I find myself becoming a more thankful person when I realize that, despite my shameful fallenness, the Lord has clothed me in the beauty of His perfect righteousness. His amazing ways and unsurpassed wisdom motivate and transform me. It’s hard to be content with my life as it is when in His presence I am drawn to become more like Him. The apostle Paul calls us to the joy of beholding Christ. As we do so, we are “being transformed into the same image from glory to glory” (2 Cor. 3:18). Lord, help us to come into Your presence with eyes and hearts wide open to all that You are and want us to become. Thank You for revealing Yourself to us and for the joy of basking in the greatness of Your glory. Stay close to God and you will never be the same. Exodus 34:29-30 Making A Face Read: 2 Corinthians 3:1-18 We all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image. —2 Corinthians 3:18 In her book about the history of plastic surgery, Holly Brubach writes: “I myself subscribe to the notion that by the time you’re 50, you have the face you deserve. . . . After 5 decades of repetitive scowling or laughter or worry, one’s attitude toward life is etched on one’s face.” That’s a vivid reminder that every day we are making a face that tells the world a great deal about us. Although the Bible doesn’t mention cosmetic surgery, it does present the startling concept that if we know Christ and spend time with Him in prayer and in His Word, it can affect our appearance. When Moses came down from Mount Sinai after meeting with God, his face shone so brightly that the children of Israel could not look steadily at him (Exodus 34:29-30; 2 Corinthians 3:7). Paul compared that glory with the even greater glory that is experienced by those who have a personal relationship with Christ. He said that we are being transformed by the Holy Spirit, who lives within us, and we are becoming more like our Lord Jesus (2 Corinthians 3:18). Let the beauty of Jesus be seen in me, All His wonderful passion and purity; Oh, Thou Spirit divine, all my nature refine Till the beauty of Jesus be seen in me. —Orsborn No cosmetic for the face can compare with God's transforming grace. Exodus 34:29 Seeing God's Glory I've had the privilege of viewing some glorious sights in my life. I've seen an awe-inspiring nighttime launch of the space shuttle, the majesty of Mount Fuji in Japan, the sparkling beauty of ocean sealife off the coast of the Philippine Islands, the architectural wonders of New York City, and the gleaming midsummer spectacle of a night baseball game in a major league stadium. But nothing I've ever seen comes close to what some Old Testament people saw. Moses, the people he led, Ezekiel, and others witnessed the most breathtaking sight of all time. They had a glimpse of the glory of God—a visible manifestation of the Lord's invisible being and character. Moses experienced it on Mount Sinai, and his face shone (Exodus 34:29). The Israelites saw it in the cloud, before God provided them with quail (Ex 16:10). Ezekiel saw God's glory return to the temple, and he fell to the ground (Ezekiel 43:1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Someday we who have been redeemed by Jesus will experience that inspiring sight. God's glory will shine in the heavenly Jerusalem (Revelation 21:10, 11). And we will see our risen and glorified Savior, the Lord Jesus (1John 3:2). The glory of God In the face of His Son To us who behold Him Is heaven begun. —Hess The world's greatest glory is but a spark compared to the radiance of God's glory.Exodus 34:29 The late G. Campbell Morgan once told of a factory girl who. after she was saved, simply radiated Christian joy. One day while waiting for a train at York station she slowly walked up and down the platform to pass the time. A highly cultured lady, sitting nearby, observed her closely. Finally, impressed by her sweet face, she called to her, "Excuse me, Miss, but what makes you so happy?" The girl replied, "Was I looking happy? I didn't know it showed, but I certainly am. I'll be glad to tell you why!" She then witnessed to the woman concerning the wonders of salvation and the joy it brings to the heart, and eventually led her to a personal acceptance of Jesus Christ. This girl wasn't trying to look happy. Her face just naturally reflected the joy of her soul. Moses also did not know his skin was shining with a celestial glow when he came down from the Mount. It glistened because he had been in close touch with God. The same was true of Stephen the day he laid down his life to become the first martyr of the Christian church (Acts 6:15). His face lit up with angelic glory because of his close relation-ship to Jesus Christ. You don't have to tell how you live each day, You don't have to say if you work or pray, A tried, true barometer serves in its place; However you live, it will show in your face! —Anon. The light of God's Son in your heart will put His sunshine on your face!—Bosch Exodus 34:27-35 Give Me New England! JONATHAN Edwards (1703-58) was a brilliant theologian whose sermons had an overwhelming impact on those who heard him preach. One sermon in particular, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," moved hundreds to repentance and salvation. That single message helped to spark the revival known as The Great Awakening (1734-44). Edwards did not have a commanding voice nor an impressive pulpit manner. He used very few gestures, and he read from a manuscript. Yet God's Spirit moved upon his hearers with conviction and power. John Chapman tells the story of the spiritual preparation involved in Edwards's most famous sermon: For three days Edwards had not eaten a mouthful of food; for three nights he had not closed his eyes in sleep. Over and over again he was heard to pray, "O Lord, give me New England! Give me New England!" When he arose from his knees and made his way into the pulpit that Sunday, he looked as if he had been gazing straight into the face of God. Even before he began to speak, tremendous conviction fell upon his audience. Spending time in the presence of God is like being exposed to the sun; it leaves us with a radiant glow.—H D Bosch Lord, may the proof of my relationship with You be evident on my face. I don't want to fake it with a forced smile; I want the genuine thing—Your glory radiating from the inside out. Exodus 34:31 Then Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers in the congregation returned to him; and Moses spoke to them. NET Exodus 34:31 But Moses called to them, so Aaron and all the leaders of the community came back to him, and Moses spoke to them. NLT Exodus 34:31 But Moses called out to them and asked Aaron and all the leaders of the community to come over, and he talked with them. ESV Exodus 34:31 But Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the leaders of the congregation returned to him, and Moses talked with them. NIV Exodus 34:31 But Moses called to them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the community came back to him, and he spoke to them. KJV Exodus 34:31 And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them. LXE Exodus 34:31 And Moses called them, and Aaron and all the rulers of the synagogue turned towards him, and Moses spoke to them. ASV Exodus 34:31 And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses spake to them. CSB Exodus 34:31 But Moses called out to them, so Aaron and all the leaders of the community returned to him, and Moses spoke to them. NKJ Exodus 34:31 Then Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned to him; and Moses talked with them. NRS Exodus 34:31 But Moses called to them; and Aaron and all the leaders of the congregation returned to him, and Moses spoke with them. YLT Exodus 34:31 And Moses calleth unto them, and Aaron and all the princes in the company return unto him, and Moses speaketh unto them; called : Ex 3:15 24:1-3 and Moses talked : Ge 45:3,15 Exodus 34 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Then Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers in the congregation returned to him - Moses quelled their fears by inviting his older brother Aaron and the other leaders to come to him. Notice the verb returned which depicts them as going (maybe even running) away from Moses in fear and dread, putting distance between them! and Moses spoke to them - This implies Moses explains where he had been and why and that they had no need to fear him. Exodus 34:32 Afterward all the sons of Israel came near, and he commanded them to do everything that the LORD had spoken to him on Mount Sinai. NET Exodus 34:32 After this all the Israelites approached, and he commanded them all that the LORD had spoken to him on Mount Sinai. NLT Exodus 34:32 Then all the people of Israel approached him, and Moses gave them all the instructions the LORD had given him on Mount Sinai. ESV Exodus 34:32 Afterward all the people of Israel came near, and he commanded them all that the LORD had spoken with him in Mount Sinai. NIV Exodus 34:32 Afterward all the Israelites came near him, and he gave them all the commands the LORD had given him on Mount Sinai. KJV Exodus 34:32 And afterward all the children of Israel came nigh: and he gave them in commandment all that the LORD had spoken with him in mount Sinai. LXE Exodus 34:32 And afterwards all the children of Israel came to him, and he commanded them all things, whatsoever the Lord had commanded him in the mount of Sina. ASV Exodus 34:32 And afterward all the children of Israel came nigh: and he gave them in commandment all that Jehovah had spoken with him in mount Sinai. CSB Exodus 34:32 Afterward all the Israelites came near, and he commanded them to do everything the LORD had told him on Mount Sinai. NKJ Exodus 34:32 Afterward all the children of Israel came near, and he gave them as commandments all that the LORD had spoken with him on Mount Sinai. NRS Exodus 34:32 Afterward all the Israelites came near, and he gave them in commandment all that the LORD had spoken with him on Mount Sinai. YLT Exodus 34:32 and afterwards have all the sons of Israel come nigh, and he chargeth them with all that Jehovah hath spoken with him in mount Sinai. he gave : Ex 21:1 Nu 15:40 1Ki 22:14 Mt 28:20 1Co 11:23 15:3 Exodus 34 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries ALL DRAW NEAR TO MOSES Afterward - Time phrase. After Moses spoke to them, and calmed their fearful hearts. All the sons of Israel came near, and he commanded them to do everything that the LORD had spoken to him on Mount Sinai - The instructions and commandments of the LORD were not just for the elite, the leadership, but were for all Israel to know so that they might obey. Stuart - Consequently, all the people eventually gathered around Moses (presumably rounded up and brought there by the leaders) to listen to him formally preach the instructions he had received for them in his most recent forty-day stay with God on the mountain. At this time they still were all looking at his radiating face, which must have continued to terrify and amaze them, even though it actually bore no danger for them. Here was God’s prophet speaking the very words of God to them, with a face so terrifyingly glorious that few could manage to doubt that what he was relaying to them was absolutely true and that he had been personally sent by God to make sure they knew it. In light of what is stated in the verses immediately following, it might have been so hard for the people to look directly at him that they listened with their faces turned away or perhaps bowed to the ground. Exodus 34:33 When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face. NET Exodus 34:33 When Moses finished speaking with them, he would put a veil on his face. NLT Exodus 34:33 When Moses finished speaking with them, he covered his face with a veil. ESV Exodus 34:33 And when Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face. NIV Exodus 34:33 When Moses finished speaking to them, he put a veil over his face. KJV Exodus 34:33 And till Moses had done speaking with them, he put a vail on his face. LXE Exodus 34:33 And when he ceased speaking to them, he put a veil on his face. ASV Exodus 34:33 And when Moses had done speaking with them, he put a veil on his face. CSB Exodus 34:33 When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face. NKJ Exodus 34:33 And when Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil on his face. NRS Exodus 34:33 When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil on his face; YLT Exodus 34:33 And Moses finisheth speaking with them, and putteth on his face a vail; a veil : Ro 10:4 2Co 3:13-18 4:4-6 Exodus 34 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MOSES WOULD MASK UP! When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face - How interesting that in 2020 we are all wearing masks to prevent infection with Coronavirus. So when Moses spoke to the people he took the mask off (we don't do that with Coronavirus). He was also unveiled when he was before the LORD. John Currid - when Moses finished reciting the law to the Hebrews he veiled his face. Why? Certainly it was out of humility, so that Moses should not receive the applause of men. But it was also to accommodate the weakness of those to whom he was ministering. The text gives the impression that the radiance slowly vanished, until it was relit in the presence of God. If the Israelites had seen it fade, they undoubtedly would have been led into unbelief. This is the conclusion of Paul in his exegesis found in 2 Corinthians 3:13+. Stuart - the veil he donned when neither atop Sinai nor at the tent of meeting was undoubtedly for the people’s sake—not because his unveiled face would physically harm them but because it apparently scared them so much psychologically that they found it hard to be near him. John MacArthur - When not speaking to the Lord or authoritatively on His behalf to the people, Moses veiled his face. The Apostle Paul advised that the veil prevented the people from seeing a fading glory and related it to the inadequacy of the old covenant and the blindness of the Jews in his day (see notes on 2Co 3:7–18)." 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 (See commentary) But if the ministry of death, in letters engraved on stones (OLD COVENANT), came with glory, so that the sons of Israel could not look intently at the face of Moses because of the glory of his face, fading as it was, 8 how will the ministry of the Spirit (NEW COVENANT) fail to be even more with glory? 9 For if the ministry of condemnation (OLD COVENANT) has glory, much more does the ministry of righteousness (NEW COVENANT) abound in glory. 10 For indeed what (OLD COVENANT) had glory, in this case has no glory (BY COMPARISON) because of the glory (OF THE NEW COVENANT) that surpasses it. 11 For if that (OLD COVENANT) which fades away was with glory, much more that (NEW COVENANT) which remains is in glory. 12 Therefore having such a hope (ABSOLUTE ASSURANCE OF FUTURE GOOD NOT CONDEMNATION), we use great boldness in our speech, 13 and are not like Moses, who used to put a veil over his face so that the sons of Israel would not look intently at the end of what was fading away. 14 But their minds were hardened; for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remains unlifted, because it is removed in Christ. 15 But to this day whenever Moses is read, a veil lies over their heart; 16 but whenever a person turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away. 17 Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. 18 But we all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as from the Lord, the Spirit. (See THOUGHT above.) Question - Why did Moses have to wear a veil? Answer: When God began to give the Law to Israel, He did so accompanied by an overwhelming atmospheric display of thunder and lightning, smoke and fire, and the sound of a trumpet on the top of Mt. Sinai. This was to warn the people that He is holy and should not be approached. Anyone who tried to come up the mountain would be killed. (See Exodus 19 and Hebrews 12:18–19.) When God delivers the Ten Commandments, the people are so frightened that they are afraid to have God speak. They ask that Moses deliver the Law instead (Exodus 20:18–21). So Moses approaches God and receives the Law in Exodus 21–23. He delivers it to the people who are called to affirm their willingness to obey in chapter 24. In Exodus 25–31 Moses goes up to the mountain and receives the plans for the tabernacle and the tablets of stone on which God had engraved the Ten Commandments. Upon his return to the Israelite camp, Moses finds the Israelites worshiping the golden calf in violation of the Law they had just agreed to keep. In anger Moses smashes the stone tablets to bits and proceeds to address this sin in the camp (chapter 32.) After the sin had been dealt with, God invites Moses to come back up the mountain to receive the Law again, engraved on new tablets of stone. Moses goes up the mountain alone and meets with God. There he begs for pardon for the nation. God forgives and renews the covenant with Israel and once again provides a summary form of the Law, the Ten Commandments (see Exodus 34:1–27). Moses spends 40 days and nights with God on the mountain, and during that time he did not eat or drink (verse 28). It seems that the glory of God sustained him. After spending this extended amount of time with God, Moses comes down the mountain, and his face is shining with the glory of God (Exodus 34:29). We don’t know exactly what this would have looked like, but it was frightening to his brother, Aaron, the high priest; and to all the rest of the people. Because everyone was afraid to come near Moses (verse 31), he wore a veil over his face to shroud the glory (verses 33–35). We are not told how long this lasted, but presumably the glory began to fade when Moses was no longer regularly going into the presence of God. How long Moses wore the veil is unknown, but the veil is not mentioned during the remaining years of his leadership—roughly 38 years. The story of Moses’ veil as recorded in the Old Testament is pretty straightforward. But Paul’s mention of the veil in the New Testament has caused some to take a second look at the reason Moses chose to wear a veil. Second Corinthians 3:13 says, “We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to prevent the Israelites from seeing the end of what was passing away.” This makes it sound as if Moses put the veil over his face to prevent the Israelites from seeing that the glory was beginning to fade. If this verse is read in isolation, it would indeed seem to imply that Moses’ veil was designed to make people think his face was still shining, even when it wasn’t; however, such an interpretation simply highlights the danger of reading verses in isolation. When 2 Corinthians 3:13 is read in the context of Paul’s total argument, we find that it says nothing about Moses’ motive for veiling his face. In 2 Corinthians 3, Paul is contrasting the glories of the Old and New Covenants, and he concludes that the New Covenant is far more glorious. • The Old Covenant was written on tablets of stone; the New Covenant is written on the heart (verse 3). • The Old Covenant is the letter of the Law, while the New Covenant is of the Spirit. The letter kills but the Spirit gives life (verse 6). • The Old Covenant brings condemnation; the New Covenant brings righteousness (verse 9). • The Old Covenant had a glory that faded; the New Covenant has a glory that remains and in fact so far surpasses it that the Old Covenant appears to have no glory by comparison (verses 10–11). Second Corinthians 3:12–13 gives another contrast. Ministers of the New Covenant are unlike Moses. New Covenant ministers proclaim the unfading glory in a bold manner, while Moses wore a veil to shield Israel from a fading glory. Paul is not giving us new insight into what Moses was doing. There is no new information in 2 Corinthians 3 concerning the events in Exodus 34. The main point is that the Old Covenant glory was temporary; the shining of Moses’ face was destined to fade, just as the Law he proclaimed. The emphasis is that the veil prevented the Israelites from seeing a temporary glory, not that they were prevented from noticing that the glory was gradually fading, much less that Moses had some personal (perhaps prideful) reason for hiding the fact that it was fading. This paraphrase may help: Unlike Moses, who wore a veil to conceal the temporary glory of the Old Covenant, we boldly proclaim the permanent glory of the New Covenant. Paul goes on to say that, just as Moses gave Israel the Law with a veil over his face, even today, when the Law is read, a veil descends over the hearts of unbelieving Israelites. Then and now, Israel’s vision is obscured, and they are hard of heart. The “veil” prevents them from seeing the true glory of God. The veil is only taken away when they turn to Christ (2 Corinthians 3:14–16). Paul ends his illustration of Moses’ veil by making something of a comparison to Moses. Moses beheld the glory of God, and his face reflected God’s glory; so New Testament believers behold the glory of God and are transformed into that glory (2 Corinthians 3:18). Moses wore a veil for the reason stated in Exodus 34—his shining face frightened the Israelites. Paul uses that historical incident to contrast the ministries of the Old and New Covenants.(Source: GotQuestions.org) THE PURPOSE OF THE OLD COVENANT 1). Law reveals sin for what it is. "Why the Law then? It was added because of transgressions, having been ordained through angels by the agency of a mediator, until the Seed (Christ) should come (Gal 3:19+). "Through the Law comes the knowledge of sin" (Ro 3:20+), "What shall we say then? Is the Law sin? May it never be! On the contrary, I would not have come to know sin except through the Law; for I would not have known about coveting if the Law had not said, “YOU SHALL NOT COVET.” 8 But Sin, taking opportunity through the commandment, produced in me coveting of every kind; for apart from the Law Sin is dead. 9 I was once alive apart from the Law; but when the commandment came, Sin became alive and I died." (Ro 7:7-9+) Though the law is not itself sinful ("the Law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good." Ro 7:12+), the Law does have the effect to arouse sin! "For while we were in the flesh, the sinful passions, which were aroused by the Law, were at work in the members of our body to bear fruit for death." (Ro 7:5+) PRINCIPLE - The law by itself arouses within us the desire to disobey. There is something about saying “Don’t” that makes us want to “Do.” There is something about saying “Do” that makes us want to “Not Do.” We all by nature instinctively rebel inwardly against rules and regulations. The sign says, “Wet Paint. Do not touch.” What do you do? You touch it.