1 Crônicas 10

1 Crônicas 10

MacArthur adds "Though Saul killed himself (v. 4), God took responsibility for Saul's death, which was fully deserved for consulting a medium, an activity punishable by death (cf. Dt 17:1-6). This demonstrates that human behavior is under the ultimate control of God, who achieves His purpose through the actions of people. (Borrow The MacArthur Study Bible) God killing Saul and turning the kingdom to David reminds one of Daniel's words when God answered their prayer in Daniel 2 - "Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven; 20 Daniel said, “Let the name of God be blessed forever and ever, For wisdom and power belong to Him. 21 “It is He who changes the times and the epochs; He removes kings and establishes kings; He gives wisdom to wise men And knowledge to men of understanding. 22 “It is He who reveals the profound and hidden things; He knows what is in the darkness, And the light dwells with Him. 23 “To You, O God of my fathers, I give thanks and praise, For You have given me wisdom and power; Even now You have made known to me what we requested of You, For You have made known to us the king’s matter.” (Daniel 2:19-23+) Inquire (01875)(darash) means to seek, to inquire of, to examine, to require, consult, ask. One of the most frequent uses of this word is in the expression "to inquire of God," which sometimes indicates a private seeking of God in prayer for direction (Gen. 25:22), and often it refers to the contacting of a prophet who would be the instrument of God's revelation (1 Sam. 9:9; 1 Kings 22:8). At other times this expression is found in connection with the use of the Urim and Thummim by the high priest as he sought to discover the will of God by the throwing of these sacred stones (Nu 27:21). We can get a good sense of one aspect of the meaning of darash when God says "You will seek (baqas; Lxx = ekzeteo intense seeking) Me and find Me when you search (darash; Lxx = zeteo) for Me with all your heart." (Jer. 29:13) What is the condition of seeking Yahweh and finding Him? It is seeking with one's whole heart! We see a similar nuance in Dt 4:29+ "But from there you will seek (baqas; Lxx = zeteo) the LORD your God, and you will find Him if you search (darash; Lxx = ekzeteo intense seeking) for Him with all your heart and all your soul." Notice the importance of the heart in Baker - Figuratively, it may refer to seeking out or inquiring about lovers (Jer. 30:14) or to care for Zion (Jer. 30:17). It denotes inquiring about persons (2 Sam. 11:3) or their welfare (souls)(Ps. 142:4[5]). It indicates the Lord's care for His land (Deut. 11:12). It carries the general sense of seeking out property, such as a lost ox or cattle (Deut. 22:2), or examining a matter (Deut. 13:14[15]; Judg. 6:29; 1 Ki. 22:7) or event. It takes on the meaning of requiring or demanding someone's blood in a moral or legal sense (Gen. 9:5; 2 Chr. 24:22; Ps. 10:13) but also of seeking good itself (Amos 5:14). Its most important theological meaning involves studying or inquiring into the Law of the Lord (Ezra 7:10) or inquiring of God (Gen. 25:22; Ex. 18:15; Deut. 12:5; 1 Ki. 22:5; 2 Ki. 3:11). God's people seek after their God (Deut. 4:29; Hos. 10:12; Amos 5:4). Seeking the Lord will be greatly rewarded (Ps. 34:10). Seeking heathen gods or persons who deal with the dead is to be avoided (1 Sam. 28:7; Isa. 8:19; Ezek. 14:10). The works of God, however, are to be examined and studied (Ps. 111:2). (The Complete Word Study Dictionary – Old Testament) Leonard Coppes - Our word is distinguished from its frequent parallel and equivalent bāqash (q.v.) (dārash-bāqash, Psalm 38:12 [H 13]; Ezekiel 34:6; bāqash-dārash, Judges 6:29; Deut. 4:29) inasmuch as it 1. means "to seek with care" (1 Samuel 28:7), 2. is often cognitive (its end is "to know"), and 3. seldom governs an infinitive. For other synonyms see bāqash. Cf. Ugaritic drsh (UT 19: no. 709). Our verb occurs 164 times. The meaning "to seek with care" (cognitive) occurs in Leviticus 10:16, where Moses seeks to find out in detail what happened to the sin-offering, and in 2 Samuel 11:3 where David seeks to find out who Bathsheba was (cf. Deut. 23:6; Jeremiah 29:7). Israel is told to seek carefully the place God would choose (Deut. 12:5) and justice (Isaiah 1:17; cf. Isaiah 16:5). In the eschaton Jerusalem, the place no one seeks (Jeremiah 30:17), will be the place "sought out" (Isaiah 62:12; or "cared for," Deut. 11:12). Furthermore, it is the Gentiles who would seek out the messianic king (Isaiah 11:10). His place of rest (Numbers 10:33; Deut. 12:9) is glorious. Closely related to the above is the meaning "to care for." The Psalmist retorts "no man cares for my soul" (Psalm 142:4 [H 5]). Israel is told to seek the welfare of the city of their exile (Jeremiah 29:7). Perhaps 1 Chron. 15:13; 2 Chron. 1:5 refer to "care" for the ark and the brazen altar. Another theological theme develops from Deut. 4:29 (cf. bāqash) where Israel is warned of future defection and admonished to wholehearted worship (Deut. 6:6; Matthew 22:37). The Chronicler evaluates the history of Israel in terms of their "seeking" God (1 Chron. 22:19; 1 Chron. 28:9; 2 Chron. 31:21, etc.) or idols (2 Chron. 25:15). Isaiah reports Israel's refusal to seek God in spite of divine chastening (Isaiah 9:13 [H 12]; cf. Jeremiah 10:21). God reminds them of the ancient promise (Isaiah 55:6; Jeremiah 29:13; Hosea 10:12). He reproves them for "seeking" him while continuing in their transgressions (Isaiah 58:2) but promises blessings in the eschaton for those who seek him in truth (Isaiah 65:10). Interestingly, even those who do not seek shall find God (Isaiah 65:1; Isaiah 11:10; Romans 10:20). To seek God also connotes an inquiry after knowledge, advice, insight, into a particular problem (Genesis 25:22). Such inquiry could be made through a prophet, i.e. a divine spokesman (Exodus 7:1; Exodus 18:15ff.; 1 Samuel 9:9; Jeremiah 21:2, etc.), or through a priest using "lots" (shāʾal; Deut. 17:9). Seeking the word of a false deity often involved complex rituals (Deut. 12:30; 2 Chron. 25:15 (?); 2 Samuel 11:3; Ezekiel 21:21 [H 26]). Closely related to this is the "legal" use of our verb, viz., to seek divine judication (Exodus 18:15; Deut. 17:4, 9; cf. Matthew 18:5-20; 1 Cor. 6; 1 Tim. 3) by consulting divinely authorized "judges." Finally, our root is used of divine vengeance on those who take a life. God will diligently seek restitution of a life for a life (Genesis 9:5; cf. bāgash). In at least one instance this stipulation is evoked and divinely executed (2 Chron. 24:22, 24; Psalm 9:12 [H 13]; Psalm 10:4). To fail in declaring God's work puts a "shepherd" (a minister) under this divine sentence (Ezekiel 33:6). All pronouncements from divine messengers (prophets) require human acceptance and obedience whether miraculously attested or not (Deut. 13:1ff.) if they are consistent with previous revelation even if they add thereto (Deut. 18:22; John 7:40; Acts 3:22f.). Ultimately, God requires justice, lovingkindness, and a humble walk (Micah 6:8; cf. Ezekiel 20:40). (See online TWOT) Gilbrant - Dārash occurs over one hundred fifty times and generally means "to seek" or "to inquire." In Lev. 10:16 the meaning is more intensive. Paired with a modifier, the term describes how Moses seeks to find out in detail what happened to the sin offering, and in 2 Sam. 11:3 when David sought to find out who Bathsheba was. It also occurs in Jer. 29:7 when the exiles are told to seek the peace and prosperity of the city in which they have been exiled. It is used negatively in Deut. 23:6. Moses told the people to seek a treaty with the Ammonites or Moabites. Israel was told to seek carefully the place God would choose for sacrifices (Deut. 12:5) and justice (Isa. 1:17). In the end, Jerusalem, the place no one seeks (Jer. 30:17), will be the place "sought out" (Isa. 62:12). An important theological theme can be demonstrated around the idea of "seeking," "consulting" or "inquiring" of God. In Gen. 25:22, Rebekah inquired of the Lord; in Exo. 18:15, Moses told Jethro that the people came to him to seek God's will; in 1 Ki. 22:8, Ahab told Jehoshaphat that they may inquire of the Lord through Micaiah. There are also times when the people "inquired" of something else. In 1 Chr. 13:3, David told the people they needed to bring back the Ark of the Lord, because they did not inquire of it in the past. In 1 Ki. 22:5, Jehoshaphat tells Ahab to inquire of the word of the Lord. In Isa. 34:16, instruction is given to inquire of the book of the Lord. The idea of seeking heathen gods and prophets is also developed with this word in Ezek. 14:10 which says punishment will come to those who seek false prophets. In 1 Sam. 28:7, Saul desired to inquire of a medium. In 1 Chr. 10:13, one of the reasons for Saul's death is attributed to his seeking counsel of a medium. The idea of "seeking" God is also developed through the use of dārash (Deut. 4:29). In fact, the chronicler evaluated the history of Israel in terms of their seeking God (1 Chr. 22:19; 28:9; 2 Chr. 31:21) or idols (2 Chr. 25:15). Isaiah reported Israel's refusal to seek God in spite of divine chastening (Isa. 9:13). Israel was instructed to seek the Lord (Isa. 55:6; Jer. 29:13; Hos. 10:12), but it is the Gentiles who would seek out the messianic King (Isa. 11:10). The people of Israel are reproved for "seeking" Him while continuing in their sins (Isa. 58:2), but are promised blessings if they genuinely seek him (Isa. 65:10). A person may also seek God through prayer and worship. In Deut. 4:29, the people were told that they would find God if they sought Him with all their heart. In Hos. 10:12 the prophet stated that it was time to seek the Lord. Amos 5:4, 6 says that those who seek the Lord shall live. Theologically, dārash is also used of divine vengeance on those who take a life. God will seek restitution of a life for a life (Gen. 9:5; 2 Chr. 24:22, 24). The verb is also used in more common ways. In Deut. 22:2, it refers to "looking for" sheep. The Lord "looks for" his sheep (Ezek. 34:6, 8, 11). The Lord searches out men's hearts (1 Chr. 28:9). Various matters may be inquired about: a miraculous sign (2 Chr. 32:31) and sin (Job 10:6). (Complete Biblical Library) Darash - 152 verses - ask(1), avenge(1), calls(1), care(1), cares(3), comes the reckoning(1), consult(2), consulted by them at all(1), demand(1), inquire(33), inquired(5), inquirer(1), investigate(3), investigated(1), looks(2), making inquiry(1), questioned(1), require(7), required(1), requires(1), resort(3), search(6), searched(1), searched carefully(1), searches(2), seek(53), seek after(1), seeking(2), seeks(3), sought(18), studied(1), study(1), surely require(1). Gen. 9:5; Gen. 25:22; Gen. 42:22; Exod. 18:15; Lev. 10:16; Deut. 4:29; Deut. 11:12; Deut. 12:5; Deut. 12:30; Deut. 13:14; Deut. 17:4; Deut. 17:9; Deut. 18:11; Deut. 18:19; Deut. 19:18; Deut. 22:2; Deut. 23:6; Deut. 23:21; Jdg. 6:29; 1 Sam. 9:9; 1 Sam. 28:7; 2 Sam. 11:3; 1 Ki. 14:5; 1 Ki. 22:5; 1 Ki. 22:7; 1 Ki. 22:8; 2 Ki. 1:2; 2 Ki. 1:3; 2 Ki. 1:6; 2 Ki. 1:16; 2 Ki. 3:11; 2 Ki. 8:8; 2 Ki. 22:13; 2 Ki. 22:18; 1 Chr. 10:13; 1 Chr. 10:14; 1 Chr. 13:3; 1 Chr. 15:13; 1 Chr. 16:11; 1 Chr. 21:30; 1 Chr. 22:19; 1 Chr. 26:31; 1 Chr. 28:8; 1 Chr. 28:9; 2 Chr. 1:5; 2 Chr. 12:14; 2 Chr. 14:4; 2 Chr. 14:7; 2 Chr. 15:2; 2 Chr. 15:12; 2 Chr. 15:13; 2 Chr. 16:12; 2 Chr. 17:3; 2 Chr. 17:4; 2 Chr. 18:4; 2 Chr. 18:6; 2 Chr. 18:7; 2 Chr. 19:3; 2 Chr. 20:3; 2 Chr. 22:9; 2 Chr. 24:6; 2 Chr. 24:22; 2 Chr. 25:15; 2 Chr. 25:20; 2 Chr. 26:5; 2 Chr. 30:19; 2 Chr. 31:9; 2 Chr. 31:21; 2 Chr. 32:31; 2 Chr. 34:3; 2 Chr. 34:21; 2 Chr. 34:26; Ezr. 4:2; Ezr. 6:21; Ezr. 7:10; Ezr. 9:12; Ezr. 10:16; Est. 10:3; Job 3:4; Job 5:8; Job 10:6; Job 39:8; Ps. 9:10; Ps. 9:12; Ps. 10:4; Ps. 10:13; Ps. 10:15; Ps. 14:2; Ps. 22:26; Ps. 24:6; Ps. 34:4; Ps. 34:10; Ps. 38:12; Ps. 53:2; Ps. 69:32; Ps. 77:2; Ps. 78:34; Ps. 105:4; Ps. 109:10; Ps. 111:2; Ps. 119:2; Ps. 119:10; Ps. 119:45; Ps. 119:94; Ps. 119:155; Ps. 142:4; Prov. 11:27; Prov. 31:13; Eccl. 1:13; Isa. 1:17; Isa. 8:19; Isa. 9:13; Isa. 11:10; Isa. 16:5; Isa. 19:3; Isa. 31:1; Isa. 34:16; Isa. 55:6; Isa. 58:2; Isa. 62:12; Isa. 65:1; Isa. 65:10; Jer. 8:2; Jer. 10:21; Jer. 21:2; Jer. 29:7; Jer. 29:13; Jer. 30:14; Jer. 30:17; Jer. 37:7; Jer. 38:4; Lam. 3:25; Ezek. 14:3; Ezek. 14:7; Ezek. 14:10; Ezek. 20:1; Ezek. 20:3; Ezek. 20:31; Ezek. 20:40; Ezek. 33:6; Ezek. 34:6; Ezek. 34:8; Ezek. 34:10; Ezek. 34:11; Ezek. 36:37; Hos. 10:12; Amos 5:4; Amos 5:5; Amos 5:6; Amos 5:14; Mic. 6:8; Zeph. 1:6 Norman Geisler - goto page 181 in When Critics Ask - 1 Chronicles 10:14—Did Saul inquire of the Lord or not? PROBLEM: 1 Samuel 28:6 says “when Saul inquired of the Lord, the Lord did not answer him.” However, this verse says just the opposite, namely, “he [Saul] did not inquire of the Lord; therefore He killed him.” But how can both be true? SOLUTION: It should be noted first that two different words with different meanings are used here. Samuel uses the Hebrew word shaal, which usually means simply to ask, to consult, or to request. Chronicles, however, uses the word darash which often means to search for, or to seek after. In other words, Saul did not sincerely inquire of the Lord because He really wanted to know God’s will, but because he was hoping God would agree with his will. In brief, Saul inquired casually but not sincerely. He went through the ritual, but he was not seeking the reality. Apologetics Study Bible (see note) Why didn't the Lord answer Saul's plea for help? The Bible teaches that people who consistently reject God's leadership in their lives, and refuse to follow the guidance He has already provided, should not expect Him to deliver them from trouble resulting from their poor choices (Job 27:9; 35:12; Pr 1:23-28; Is 1:15; Jer 11:11; 14:12; Ezek 8:18; Mic 3:4; Zech 7:13; James 4:3). Saul had consistently disobeyed God (1Sa 13:13-14; 15:11-23),even going so far as to kill the Lord's priests (1Sa 22:17-19).He had created vast problems for himself and his nation. The Lord was not going to promise the king supernatural deliverance from those problems, even though Saul earnestly sought His help. Instead, God would use the Philistines as the instrument of judgment against Saul. 1 Samuel 28:6 When Saul inquired of the LORD "says that Saul inquired of the Lord, while 1Ch 10:14 says he did not. The contradiction is apparent only in English translations. In this verse Saul "asked" (Heb da-ras; "inquired of") the Lord to provide guidance, but the Lord did not answer him. In 1Ch 10:13-14 Saul "asked" (Hb da-ras; "consulted") a medium for guidance but did not "seek" (Heb darash; "inquire of") the Lord. The point is that Saul died because he committed a capital offense in consulting a medium (see Lev 20:27) rather than seeking to obey God." F B