Deuteronômio 17
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
Deuteronômio 17
MacArthur - The king was not to rely on military strength, political alliances, or wealth for his position and authority, but he was to look to the Lord. Solomon violated all of those prohibitions, while his father, David, violated the last two. Solomon’s wives brought idolatry into Jerusalem, which resulted in the kingdom being divided (1Ki 11:1–43). (MSB) Nor shall he greatly increase silver and gold for himself - This would result in trusting in gold not God (only one letter difference, but makes all the difference in time and potentially in eternity!) Solomon who accumulated riches (see passage above) once wrote "He who trusts in his riches will fall, But the righteous will flourish like the green leaf. (Pr 11:28) The LORD wanted a man as king who would seek first His kingdom (Mt 6:33) and not have as his goal worldly wealth (Mt 6:24). How would a man seek God in those days or today for that matter? Obviously by studying and meditating on His Word (Dt 17:18ff). Deere - The prohibition against large amounts of silver and gold was intended to keep the king from developing a sense of independence and a lust for material wealth (cf. Prov. 30:8–9). All three prohibitions, then, were designed to reduce the king to the status of a servant totally dependent on his Master, the Lord. The tragedy of ignoring these commands is seen in Solomon who broke all three prohibitions (1 Kings 10:14–15, 23, 26–28; 11:1–6).(The Bible Knowledge Commentary) IVP Bible Background Commentary - royal treasuries. The theme of excessive acquisition of royal symbols of power (horses, wives, gold and silver) continues in this admonition against overtaxing the people simply to fill the royal treasury. All of the categories of wealth are said to lead to excessive pride, apostasy and a rejection or diminution of Yahweh’s role (compare Dt 8:11–14). The vanity of kings who amass wealth without purpose other than pride is found in Ecclesiastes 2:8–11 and Jeremiah 48:7. The treasuries typically contained the precious metal assets of temple and state, including contributions as well as plunder. Though coinage or bullion may have been included, much of it would be in the form of jewelry, vessels for ritual use, religious objects or the various accessories of royal or wealthy households. Payment of tribute at times required drawing from or even emptying the treasuries (see 1 Kings 14:26; 2 Kings 18:15). Excavations or descriptions of temples and palaces often indicate rooms as treasuries, and royal officers included keepers of the treasuries.
Deuteronômio 17
MacArthur - The king was pictured as a scribe and scholar of Scripture. Josiah reinstituted this approach at a bleak time in Israel’s history (cf. 2Ki 22:1-20). Utley thinks "This probably refers to someone (i.e., a Levitical priest) making a copy for him (cf. 2 Kgs. 11:12). This is the verse from which the Septuagint got the title for the book of Deuteronomy (i.e., the Second Law), but in context this verse refers to a second copy of the Law, not a revised version of the Law." (Deuteronomy 17 Commentary) Scroll (05612)(seper) is a masculine noun meaning a document, a writing, a book, a scroll. Borrowed from an Assyrian word meaning missive or message, this word can refer to a letter (2 Sam. 11:14, 15; 1 Ki. 21:8, 9, 11; 2 Ki. 10:1, 2, 6, 7; Jer. 29:1); a divorce decree (Deut. 24:1, 3; Isa. 50:1; Jer. 3:8); a proof of purchase deed (Jer. 32:10-12, 14, 16); a book in which things were written for a need in the future (Ex. 17:14; 1 Sam. 10:25; Isa. 30:8); a book of laws (Ex. 24:7; Deut. 30:10; Josh. 1:8; Neh. 8:1, 3; 13:1); a genealogical record (Gen. 5:1; Neh. 7:5); writing and language (Dan. 1:4, 17). The Hebrew term סֵפֶר (sefer) means a “writing” or “document” and could be translated “book” (so KJV, ASV, TEV). However, since “book” carries the connotation of a modern bound book with pages (an obvious anachronism) it is preferable to render the Hebrew term “scroll” here and elsewhere. Vine - "book; document; writing." Sēper seems to be a loanword from the Akkadian sipru ("written message," "document"). The word appears 187 times in the Hebrew Old Testament, and the first occurrence is in Gen. 5:1: "This is the book of the generations of Adam. When God created man, he made him in the likeness of God" (rsv). The word is rare in the Pentateuch except for Deuteronomy (11 times). The usage increases in the later historical books (Kings 60 times but Chronicles 24 times; cf. Esther 11 times and Nehemiah 9 times). The most common translation of sēper is "book." A manuscript was written (Exod. 32:32; Deut. 17:18) and sealed (Isa. 29:11), to be read by the addressee (2 Kings 22:16). The sense of sēper is similar to "scroll" (megillâ): "Therefore go thou, and read in the roll [sēper] which thou hast written from my mouth, the words of the Lord in the ears of the people in the Lord's house upon the fasting day: and also thou shalt read them in the ears of all Judah that come out of their cities" (Jer. 36:6). Sēper is also closely related to "book" (siprâ) (Psa. 56:8). Many "books" are named in the Old Testament: the "book" of remembrance (Mal. 3:16), "book" of life (Psa. 69:28), "book" of Jasher (Josh. 10:13), "book" of the generations (Gen. 5:1), "book" of the Lord, "book" of the chronicles of the kings of Israel and of Judah, and the annotations on the "book" of the Kings (2 Chron. 24:27). Prophets wrote "books" in their lifetime. Nahum's prophecy begins with this introduction: "The burden of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite" (Nah 1:1). Jeremiah had several "books" written in addition to his letters to the exiles. He wrote a "book" on the disasters that were to befall Jerusalem, but the "book" was torn up and burned in the fireplace of King Jehoiakim (Jer. 36). In this context, we learn about the nature of writing a "book." Jeremiah dictated to Baruch, who wrote with ink on the scroll (Jer. 36:18). Baruch took the "book" to the Judeans who had come to the temple to fast. When the "book" had been confiscated and burned, Jeremiah wrote another scroll and had another "book" written with a strong condemnation of Jehoiakim and his family: "Then took Jeremiah another roll, and gave it to Baruch the scribe, the son of Neriah; who wrote therein from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the book which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire: and there were added besides unto them many like words" (Jer. 36:32). Ezekiel was commanded to eat a "book" (Ezek. 2:8-3:1) as a symbolic act of God's judgment on and restoration of Judah. Sēper can also signify "letter." The prophet Jeremiah wrote a letter to the Babylonian exiles, instructing them to settle themselves, as they were to be in Babylon for 70 years: "Now these are the words of the letter (sēper) that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem unto the residue of the elders which were carried away captives, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon…" (Jer. 29:1). The contents of the sēper varied. It might contain a written order, a commission, a request, or a decree, as in: "And [Mordecai] wrote in the king Ahasuerus' name, and sealed it [sēper] with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, and riders on mules, camels, and young dromedaries" (Esth. 8:10). In divorcing his wife, a man gave her a legal document known as the sēper of divorce (Deut. 24:1). Here sēper meant a "certificate" or "legal document." Some other legal document might also be referred to as a sēper. As a "legal document," the sēper might be published or hidden for the appropriate time: "Thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel; Take these evidences [sēper], this evidence of the purchase, both which is sealed, and this evidence which is open; and put them in an earthen vessel, that they may continue many days" (Jer. 32:14). The Septuagint gives the following translations: biblion ("scroll; document") and gramma ("letter; document; writing; book"). The kjv gives these senses: "book; letter; evidence." Seper - 173v - Book(47), book(79), books(2), certificate(3), deed(6), deeds(3), illiterate*(1), indictment(1), letter(14), letters(15), literate*(1), literature(2), read*(1), scroll(6), scroll*(3), writ(1). Gen. 5:1; Exod. 17:14; Exod. 24:7; Exod. 32:32; Exod. 32:33; Num. 5:23; Num. 21:14; Deut. 17:18; Deut. 24:1; Deut. 24:3; Deut. 28:58; Deut. 28:61; Deut. 29:20; Deut. 29:21; Deut. 29:27; Deut. 30:10; Deut. 31:24; Deut. 31:26; Jos. 1:8; Jos. 8:31; Jos. 8:34; Jos. 10:13; Jos. 18:9; Jos. 23:6; Jos. 24:26; 1 Sam. 10:25; 2 Sam. 1:18; 2 Sam. 11:14; 2 Sam. 11:15; 1 Ki. 11:41; 1 Ki. 14:19; 1 Ki. 14:29; 1 Ki. 15:7; 1 Ki. 15:23; 1 Ki. 15:31; 1 Ki. 16:5; 1 Ki. 16:14; 1 Ki. 16:20; 1 Ki. 16:27; 1 Ki. 21:8; 1 Ki. 21:9; 1 Ki. 21:11; 1 Ki. 22:39; 1 Ki. 22:45; 2 Ki. 1:18; 2 Ki. 5:5; 2 Ki. 5:6; 2 Ki. 5:7; 2 Ki. 8:23; 2 Ki. 10:1; 2 Ki. 10:2; 2 Ki. 10:6; 2 Ki. 10:7; 2 Ki. 10:34; 2 Ki. 12:19; 2 Ki. 13:8; 2 Ki. 13:12; 2 Ki. 14:6; 2 Ki. 14:15; 2 Ki. 14:18; 2 Ki. 14:28; 2 Ki. 15:6; 2 Ki. 15:11; 2 Ki. 15:15; 2 Ki. 15:21; 2 Ki. 15:26; 2 Ki. 15:31; 2 Ki. 15:36; 2 Ki. 16:19; 2 Ki. 19:14; 2 Ki. 20:12; 2 Ki. 20:20; 2 Ki. 21:17; 2 Ki. 21:25; 2 Ki. 22:8; 2 Ki. 22:10; 2 Ki. 22:11; 2 Ki. 22:13; 2 Ki. 22:16; 2 Ki. 23:2; 2 Ki. 23:3; 2 Ki. 23:21; 2 Ki. 23:24; 2 Ki. 23:28; 2 Ki. 24:5; 1 Chr. 9:1; 2 Chr. 16:11; 2 Chr. 17:9; 2 Chr. 20:34; 2 Chr. 24:27; 2 Chr. 25:4; 2 Chr. 25:26; 2 Chr. 27:7; 2 Chr. 28:26; 2 Chr. 32:17; 2 Chr. 32:32; 2 Chr. 34:14; 2 Chr. 34:15; 2 Chr. 34:16; 2 Chr. 34:18; 2 Chr. 34:21; 2 Chr. 34:24; 2 Chr. 34:30; 2 Chr. 34:31; 2 Chr. 35:12; 2 Chr. 35:27; 2 Chr. 36:8; Neh. 7:5; Neh. 8:1; Neh. 8:3; Neh. 8:5; Neh. 8:8; Neh. 8:18; Neh. 9:3; Neh. 12:23; Neh. 13:1; Est. 1:22; Est. 2:23; Est. 3:13; Est. 6:1; Est. 8:5; Est. 8:10; Est. 9:20; Est. 9:25; Est. 9:30; Est. 9:32; Est. 10:2; Job 19:23; Job 31:35; Ps. 40:7; Ps. 69:28; Ps. 139:16; Eccl. 12:12; Isa. 29:11; Isa. 29:12; Isa. 29:18; Isa. 30:8; Isa. 34:4; Isa. 34:16; Isa. 37:14; Isa. 39:1; Isa. 50:1; Jer. 3:8; Jer. 25:13; Jer. 29:1; Jer. 29:25; Jer. 29:29; Jer. 30:2; Jer. 32:10; Jer. 32:11; Jer. 32:12; Jer. 32:14; Jer. 32:16; Jer. 32:44; Jer. 36:2; Jer. 36:4; Jer. 36:8; Jer. 36:10; Jer. 36:11; Jer. 36:13; Jer. 36:18; Jer. 36:32; Jer. 45:1; Jer. 51:60; Jer. 51:63; Ezek. 2:9; Dan. 1:4; Dan. 1:17; Dan. 9:2; Dan. 12:1; Dan. 12:4; Nah. 1:1; Mal. 3:16 G Campbell