Deuteronômio 7
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
Deuteronômio 7
MacArthur - Some virulent and malignant diseases such as elephantiasis, ophthalmia, and dysentery were common in Egypt. (MacArthur Study Bible) But He will lay them on all who hate you - The pagan nations would pay a price for hatred of God's chosen people. While this promise was wonderful when Israel was obeying, it was not so wonderful when they were in disobedience, for then God would lay these illnesses on Israel. Later in this book Moses gives a prophetic promise that "The LORD will smite you with the boils of Egypt and with tumors and with the scab and with the itch, from which you cannot be healed." (De 28:27) And again “He will bring back on you all the diseases of Egypt of which you were afraid, and they will cling to you." (Dt 28:60) TSK - The Israelites, if obedient, would have been subject to no maladies but those common to fallen man, and generally very healthy and long lived; being exempted from pestilential diseases, which have often most tremendously scourged guilty nations; and from such maladies in particular, as they had witnessed in Egypt, by which God afflicted their cruel oppressors, (Ex 15:26.) This must be referred to the national covenant; for though godliness often secures the most solid temporal advantages, yet temporal blessings were not, even among them, uniformly dispensed to individuals according to their obedience; but they were to the nation, with an exactness which is not observed towards any other people. Deuteronomy 7:16 "You shall consume all the peoples whom the LORD your God will deliver to you; your eye shall not pity them, nor shall you serve their gods, for that would be a snare to you. consume: De 7:2 your eye shall not pity them: De 13:8 19:13,21 25:12 Jer 21:7 for that would be a snare to you. De 12:30,31 Ex 23:33 34:12-16 Nu 33:55 Jos 23:13-16 Judges 2:3,12 Judges 3:6 8:27 Ps 106:36 1Co 15:33 Deuteronomy 7 Resources Related Passages: Exodus 23:33+ “They shall not live in your land, because they will make you sin against Me; for if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you.” Exodus 34:12-14+ “Watch yourself that you make no covenant with the inhabitants of the land into which you are going, or it will become a snare in your midst. 13 “But rather, you are to tear down their altars and smash their sacred pillars and cut down their Asherim 14 –for you shall not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God– Numbers 33:55+ But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you, then it shall come about that those whom you let remain of them will become as pricks in your eyes and as thorns in your sides, and they will trouble you in the land in which you live. Joshua 23:13 know with certainty that the LORD your God will not continue to drive these nations out from before you; but they will be a snare and a trap to you, and a whip on your sides and thorns in your eyes, until you perish from off this good land which the LORD your God has given you. Judges 2:3+ “Therefore I also said, ‘I will not drive them out before you; but they will become as thorns in your sides and their gods will be a snare to you.’” Judges 8:27+ Gideon made it into an ephod, and placed it in his city, Ophrah, and all Israel played the harlot with it there, so that it became a snare to Gideon and his household. Psalm 106:36 And served their idols, Which became a snare to them. COMPLETE CONSUMPTION COMMANDED (EXHORTATION)(COMMAND) Moses repeats the charge in Dt 7:1-2 of utter destruction. You shall consume (NIV, NET, CSB = "must destroy") all the peoples whom the LORD your God will deliver to (hands over to) you - NET = "You must destroy all the people whom the LORD your God is about to deliver over to you." your eye shall not pity them - Similar to Dt 7:2 - "You shall make no covenant with them and show no favor (mercy) to them." The point is to show no mercy! (See explanation from Coakley) This sounds harsh but with these people come their pagan gods which is the real problem as explained below - snare! Spare (have compassion, show pity)(02347) (chus) to pity, look upon with compassion, have compassion, spare. The idea is to show mercy, have compassion, with a focus on sparing or delivering one from a great punishment. nor shall you serve (abad; Lxx - latreuo) their gods, for that would be a snare to you - Israel was not to become enslaved to the pagan gods. He explains that if they did, they would fall into a spiritual trap, like a baited animal trap! The implication is that instead of the pagans being "consumed" Israel would end up being "consumed" by the abominable idolatry of the pagans. Snare in the Lxx is translated with the Greek noun skolon (not in NT) which means thorn, hindrance, obstacle (used in Ex 10:7, Jdg 8:27, 2 Chr 28:23 = "downfall") Snare (4170)(moqesh from yaqosh) is a masculine noun meaning a snare, a trap, bait. The picture is of the lure or bait being placed in the hunter’s trap, which gives rise to moqesh referring to the snare itself. Traps were used to capture birds or beasts (Amos 3:5). As used in Judges 8:27 moqesh refers to a moral pitfall (Pr. 18:7; Pr 20:25). Moqesh can be anything that lures one to ruin and disaster (Jdg. 2:3; Pr 29:6). Moqesh in Dt 7:16 in the Septuagint is skolon which means thorn, prickle, sharpened stake (driven into ground), and metaphorically hindrance, obstacle, stumbling-block (cf use in Ex 10:7). THOUGHT- Kindness that allows barriers to one's relationship with God to spring up is self-destructive. (McIntosh) Deuteronomy 7:17 "If you should say in your heart, 'These nations are greater than I; how can I dispossess them?' If you should say in your heart, De 8:17 15:9 18:21 Isa 14:13 47:8 49:21 Jer 13:22 Lu 9:47 These nations: Nu 13:32 33:53 Jos 17:16-18 Deuteronomy 7 Resources ISRAEL, IF YOU ARE DOUBTING Jack Deere summarizes Dt 7:17-26 - Moses knew the hearts of his fellow Israelites. He remembered how 40 years earlier the Anakites had made their hearts melt (Dt 1:26-28). So he concluded this part of his speech (on holy war) by setting the battles in proper perspective. The Israelites were to concentrate not on the strength of their enemies but on the greatness of the Lord. (Bible Knowledge Commentary) McIntosh - In spite of his multiple encouragements that Israel would conquer, God knew that many of the soldiers lacked confidence that they could win such a war against a superior and well-entrenched group of foes. Even as Moses spoke, people in the ranks were wondering how they could overcome and drive out an enemy who was stronger than they were. (Holman Old Testament Commentary – Deuteronomy) If you should say in your heart - Moses is like God's "physician" on the scene and he knew the condition of the hearts of the second generation of Israelites. So in this context this phrase is a Hebrew idiomatic way of saying "if you are doubting" (your ability to defeat the nations). The heart of Israel's problems was the problem in their heart! Moses has not forgotten the declaration of the first generation and seeks to provide some preventive care lest they say the same thing Yet you (FIRST GENERATION) were not willing to go up, but rebelled against the command of the LORD your God; 27 and you grumbled in your tents and said, ‘Because the LORD hates us, He has brought us out of the land of Egypt to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites to destroy us. 28‘ Where can we go up? Our brethren have made our HEARTS MELT (HERE'S THE PROBLEM = THEIR HEARTS), saying, “The people are bigger and taller than we; the cities are large and fortified to heaven. And besides, we saw the sons of the Anakim there.”’ (Dt 1:26-28+) ESV Study note - Israel is warned three times (Dt 7:17, Dt 8:17, Dt 9:4) not to say in your heart certain things that express fear (Dt 7:17) or pride (Dt 8:17; 9:4). The state of Israel’s heart is a key issue in Deuteronomy (see Dt 4:39; Dt 6:6). The answer to each warning is “remember” (Dt 7:18; Dt 8:18; Dt 9:7). The antidote to wrong fear is to remember what the Lord your God did. Right fear means fearing God (see Dt 5:29+). These nations are greater than I; how can I dispossess (yarash) them - God knew that doubt would enter the minds of the Israelites in spite of all the evidence of His power and exhortations to take the land. They would still doubt that they could truly be victorious. This is somewhat surprising, in view of the fact that they had utterly destroyed two strong Amorite kings, Sihon and Og. So he reminds them of God's deliverance from Egypt the most powerful nation in the world at that time. Dispossess (03423) yarash to take possession of, inherit, dispossess, to drive out. Yarash is an especially important word in contexts dealing with Israel's conquest of and possession of the land of Canaan. Yahweh first promised possession of the land in the context of the Abrahamic covenant (Ge 15:7-21+). Note also that "possessing" implies "dispossessing" another nation. In a legal sense, the right of possession passed from one generation to the next and so constituted "inheritance." Note that possession of the promised land and/or the "inheritance" was directly connected to Israel's trust relationship with the Lord, so that breaking trust, and thus breaking the covenantal relationship with Yahweh led to dispossession. But even in exile, Israelites awaited the day when they would repossess the land (Jer. 30:3+ - May 14, 1948 is when Israel was given statehood but this is not the final fulfillment - that awaits the Millennial Reign of their Messiah). Yarash is a key word in Deuteronomy - DISPOSSS, POSSESS - Deut. 1:8; Deut. 1:21; Deut. 1:39; Deut. 2:12; Deut. 2:21; Deut. 2:22; Deut. 2:24; Deut. 2:31; Deut. 3:12; Deut. 3:18; Deut. 3:20; Deut. 4:1; Deut. 4:5; Deut. 4:14; Deut. 4:22; Deut. 4:26; Deut. 4:38; Deut. 4:47; Deut. 5:31; Deut. 5:33; Deut. 6:1; Deut. 6:18; Deut. 7:1; Deut. 7:17; Deut. 8:1; Deut. 9:1; Deut. 9:3; Deut. 9:4; Deut. 9:5; Deut. 9:6; Deut. 9:23; Deut. 10:11; Deut. 11:8; Deut. 11:10; Deut. 11:11; Deut. 11:23; Deut. 11:29; Deut. 11:31; Deut. 12:1; Deut. 12:2; Deut. 12:29; Deut. 15:4; Deut. 16:20; Deut. 17:14; Deut. 18:12; Deut. 18:14; Deut. 19:1; Deut. 19:2; Deut. 19:14; Deut. 21:1; Deut. 23:20; Deut. 25:19; Deut. 26:1; Deut. 28:21; Deut. 28:42; Deut. 28:63; Deut. 30:5; Deut. 30:16; Deut. 30:18; Deut. 31:3; Deut. 31:13; Deut. 32:47; Deut. 33:23; Deuteronomy 7:18 you shall not be afraid of them; you shall well remember what the LORD your God did to Pharaoh and to all Egypt: you shall not be afraid De 1:29 3:6 31:6 Ps 27:1,2 46:1,2 Isa 41:10-14 you shall well remember : Ex 7:1-14:31 Judges 6:13 Ps 77:11 Ps 78:11,42-51 Ps 105:5,26-36 Ps 135:8-10 Ps 136:10-15 Isa 51:9,10 63:11-15 Deuteronomy 7 Resources Related Passages: Psalms 78:11 (THE PROBLEM OF THE FIRST GENERATION) They forgot His deeds And His miracles that He had shown them. Ps 78:42-51 They did not remember His power, The day when He redeemed them from the adversary, 43 When He performed His signs in Egypt And His marvels in the field of Zoan, 44And turned their rivers to blood, And their streams, they could not drink. 45He sent among them swarms of flies which devoured them, And frogs which destroyed them. 46 He gave also their crops to the grasshopper And the product of their labor to the locust. 47He destroyed their vines with hailstones And their sycamore trees with frost. 48He gave over their cattle also to the hailstones And their herds to bolts of lightning. 49He sent upon them His burning anger, Fury and indignation and trouble, A band of destroying angels. 50He leveled a path for His anger; He did not spare their soul from death, But gave over their life to the plague, 51And smote all the firstborn in Egypt, The first issue of their virility in the tents of Ham. REMEMBERING IS GOOD WHEN YOU ARE DOUBTING. (EXHORTATION)(COMMAND) you shall not be afraid of them - The frequent exhortation/command in this book (Dt 1:21, Dt 3:2, Dt 3:22, Dt 7:18, Dt 20:1, Dt 20:3, Dt 31:6, 8). The exhortation not to fear is founded on having a good memory of Yahweh's past power, especially in Egypt. You shall well remember what the LORD your God did to Pharaoh and to all Egypt - Egypt was much larger and stronger than Israel who was in bondage! Memory of manifestations of past power of God should fuel present courage. A look back to God's work in one's life is good encouragement for what He will do in the present. Deere adds that "The Israelites were to concentrate not on the strength of their enemies but on the greatness of the LORD." (Bible Knowledge Commentary) Instead of focusing on the size of an obstacle, we should focus on the size of our God. Remember (record, mention) (02142) zakar means to recall, call to mind or to be brought to remembrance. The first use of zakar is wonderful for it says "God remembered Noah" remembering His covenant (Ge 6:18), declaring later "I will remember My covenant, which is between Me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and never again shall the water become a flood to destroy all flesh. Zakar in Deuteronomy - Deut. 5:15; Deut. 7:18; Deut. 8:2; Deut. 8:18; Deut. 9:7; Deut. 9:27; Deut. 15:15; Deut. 16:3; Deut. 16:12; Deut. 24:9; Deut. 24:18; Deut. 24:22; Deut. 25:17; Deut. 32:7; Deuteronomy 5:15 ‘You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out of there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm; therefore the LORD your God commanded you to observe the sabbath day. Deuteronomy 8:2 “You shall remember all the way which the LORD your God has led you in the wilderness these forty years, that He might humble you, testing you, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not. Deuteronomy 8:18 “But you shall remember the LORD your God, for it is He who is giving you power to make wealth, that He may confirm His covenant which He swore to your fathers, as it is this day. Deuteronomy 15:15 “You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you; therefore I command you this today. Deuteronomy 16:12 “You shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and you shall be careful to observe these statutes. Deuteronomy 24:18 “But you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and that the LORD your God redeemed you from there; therefore I am commanding you to do this thing. Deuteronomy 24:22 “You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; therefore I am commanding you to do this thing. THOUGHT - Beloved, remembering the great acts of God in our lives is important to energize our present and future behavior. One way to help you remember is to keep a journal of God's great and mighty deeds (but be sure to read over it from time to time to stir your memory -- at age 75 my memory needs to be "stirred" frequently!) Deuteronomy 7:19 the great trials which your eyes saw and the signs and the wonders and the mighty hand and the outstretched arm by which the LORD your God brought you out. So shall the LORD your God do to all the peoples of whom you are afraid. great: De 4:34 11:2-4 29:3 Ne 9:10,11 Jer 32:20,21 Eze 20:6-9 so shall: Jos 3:10 Deuteronomy 7 Resources LOOKING BACK TO REMEMBER GOD'S POWER (REMEMBRANCE) the great trials which your eyes saw and the signs and the wonders and the mighty hand and the outstretched arm by which the LORD your God brought you out - God's ten plaques and His destruction of Pharaoh's army in the Red Sea brought Israel safely out of Egypt. God's hand was still mighty and His arm still capable of being outstretched! And it still true today in the lives of His beloved children (1 Jn 3:1+). Mighty hand - Exod. 32:11; Deut. 4:34; Deut. 5:15; Deut. 6:21; Deut. 7:8; Deut. 7:19; Deut. 9:26; Deut. 11:2; Deut. 26:8; 1 Ki. 8:42; 2 Chr. 6:32; Ezek. 20:33; Ezek. 20:34; Dan. 9:15; 1 Pet. 5:6 Outstretched arm - Exod. 6:6; Deut. 4:34; Deut. 5:15; Deut. 7:19; Deut. 9:29; Deut. 11:2; Deut. 26:8; 1 Ki. 8:42; 2 Ki. 17:36; 2 Chr. 6:32; Ps. 136:12; Jer. 27:5; Jer. 32:17; Jer. 32:21; Ezek. 20:33; Ezek. 20:34 (PROMISE)(SOVEREIGNTY) So shall the LORD your God do to all the peoples of whom you are afraid - Yahweh had not changed. His power had not diminished. His power would be sufficient to do to the pagan nations what He had done to Egypt.
Deuteronômio 7
MacArthur comments that "In anticipation of the conquest of their Land, Israel was being given another reminder that victory depended on God and not their own efforts alone. Fear and panic did play a strategic role in the victories in Transjordan and Canaan (Nu 22:3; Jos 2:9, 11; 5:1; 9:24). An alternative non-figurative view is based upon the bee or wasp being a heraldic symbol of Egyptian pharaohs whose steady succession of military strikes into Canaan year after year God providentially used to weaken Canaan prior to the invasion by Israel." (MacArthur Study Bible) From Joshua's account we see that the first generation had actually experienced Yahweh's "hornet" effect for Joshua recorded "I sent the hornet before you and it drove out the two kings of the Amorites (SIHON AND OG) from before you, but not by your sword or your bow." (Jos 24:12) Note the phrase "not by your sword or your bow" indicating that the "hornet" maneuver was completely supernatural and not related to anything Israel did. Were they literal or figurative hornets? We can state with certainty, but either way they had the effect of hornets attacking and stinging men. Jack Deere - God would cause Israel's enemies to run from her in battle as if they were attacked by swarms of hornets (cf. Ex. 23:28; Josh. 24:12). (Some say the reference to the hornet is to be taken literally; others say it refers to the Egyptian army.) The enemies were in fact fearful of Israel (Ex. 15:15; Num. 22:3; Josh. 2:9-11, 24; 5:1; 9:24). (Bible Knowledge Commentary) Doug McIntosh - The exact nature of this threat is unspecified. God could have been describing an actual attack of large numbers of insects, but the likelihood is that the hornet serves as a figure of speech for some unnamed terror, possibly the Lord himself. (See Holman Old Testament Commentary – Deuteronomy) Deuteronomy 7:21 "You shall not dread them, for the LORD your God is in your midst, a great and awesome God. the LORD your God Nu 9:20 14:9,14,42 16:3 23:21 Jos 3:10 2Ch 32:8 Ps 46:5,7,11 Isa 8:9,10 Zec 2:10,11 1Co 14:25 a great and awesome God.: De 10:17 25:8 1Sa 4:8 Ne 1:5 4:14 9:32 Zec 12:2-5 Deuteronomy 7 Resources Related Passages: Psalms 46:5; 7; 11 God is in the midst of her, she will not be moved; God will help her when morning dawns. (46:7) The LORD of hosts is with us; The God of Jacob is our stronghold. Selah. (46:11) The LORD of hosts is with us; The God of Jacob is our stronghold. Selah. NO REASON TO DREAD WHEN GOD IS PRESENT (EXHORTATION)(COMMAND) You shall not dread them - Them presumably is the strong and mighty seven of Dt 7:1. Moses repeats the exhortation to not be fearful. Yes, these 7 nations were mighty, but Israel was to fight not by sight but by faith in their faithful covenant keeping God. The Hebrew word (arat) in the charge to not dread was also given to the first generation in Dt 1:29 "Do not be shocked, nor fear them." The first generation failed to heed the exhortation and encouragement of Moses. Moses uses the same verb (arat) in Dt 20:3 "Hear, O Israel, you are approaching the battle against your enemies today. Do not be fainthearted. Do not be afraid, or panic, or tremble (arats) before them,(EXPLAINING WHY THEY WERE NOT TO FEAR OR TREMBLE) for the LORD your God is the one who goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you." And a third time Moses encouraged Israel calling for them to "Be strong and courageous, do not be afraid or tremble (arats) at them, (AGAIN EXPLAINING WHY THEY DID NOT NEED TO BE AFRAID OR TREMBLE) for the LORD your God is the one who goes with you. He will not fail you or forsake you.” (Dt 31:6) For - Term of explanation. This explains why Israel is not to dread the pagan military might. the LORD your God is in your midst, a great and awesome God - A strong and mighty seven are no obstacle for the great and awesome God Who would go to war in the midst of Israel. The nations would be fearful of Israel when they understood that God was in the midst of Israel. One is reminded of the words of Hezekiah when threatened by mighty enemies... “With him is only an arm of flesh, but with us is the LORD our God to help us and to fight our battles.” And the people relied on the words of Hezekiah king of Judah. (2Ch 32:8)
Deuteronômio 7
MacArthur points out that "Even though the Lord promised that the defeat of the people of the land would be quick (Dt 4:26; 9:3), the process of settlement would be more gradual to avoid the danger of the land returning to a primitive state of natural anarchy. (MacArthur Study Bible) For the wild beasts would grow too numerous for you - TSK As the Israelites were not yet sufficiently numerous to fill the whole land occupied by these nations; and as wild and ferocious animals might be expected to multiply where the place was but thinly peopled, therefore God informs them that their extermination from before them should be gradual. Haynes says, "The approaching to Cana, at the close of the day, as we did, is at once terrifying and dangerous. The surrounding country swarms with wild beasts, such as tigers, leopards, jackals, etc., whose cries and howling, I doubt not, would strike the boldest traveler, who had not been frequently in a like situation, with the deepest sense of horror." Deuteronomy 7:23 "But the LORD your God will deliver them before you, and will throw them into great confusion until they are destroyed. But the LORD your God: De 7:2 will deliver them before you, De 9:3 until they are destroyed. De 2:15 8:20 Isa 13:6 Jer 17:18 Joe 1:15 2Th 1:9 Deuteronomy 7 Resources Related Passages: Exodus 14:24 At the morning watch, the LORD looked down on the army of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and cloud and brought the army of the Egyptians into confusion. Deuteronomy 28:20 “The LORD will send upon you curses, confusion, and rebuke, in all you undertake to do, until you are destroyed and until you perish quickly, on account of the evil of your deeds, because you have forsaken Me. Joshua 10:10 And the LORD confounded them before Israel, and He slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and pursued them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon and struck them as far as Azekah and Makkedah. 1 Samuel 5:9; 11 After they had brought it around, the hand of the LORD was against the city with very great confusion; and He smote the men of the city, both young and old, so that tumors broke out on them.....11 They sent therefore and gathered all the lords of the Philistines and said, “Send away the ark of the God of Israel, and let it return to its own place, so that it will not kill us and our people.” For there was a deadly confusion throughout the city; the hand of God was very heavy there. 1 Samuel 14:20 Then Saul and all the people who were with him rallied and came to the battle; and behold, every man’s sword was against his fellow, and there was very great confusion. (PROMISE) But the LORD your God will deliver them before you, and will throw them into great confusion until they are destroyed - Again Moses encourages Israel with the power of Yahweh fighting for them, in this case sending divine panic that would make their enemies helpless in battle. THOUGHT - The war that Christians must fight bears many similarities to the divine design for occupying the Holy Land. Christians must go to war every day, putting to death the deeds of the body so they can live victorious lives (cp. Ro 6:13; Ro 8:13; Col. 3:5; 1 Pet. 2:11). Although the greatest victory is already won (Rom. 6:6; Gal. 5:24), a life still waits to be carved out for each soldier, and progress generally comes little by little. Come it will, however, to the one who fights, just as it would for Israel. The Lord promised to deliver their enemies over if his people would fight faithfully. (Doug McIntosh - see Holman Old Testament Commentary – Deuteronomy) ESV Study Bible - Confusion is a common feature of holy war (see Deut. 28:20; also Ex. 14:24; Josh. 10:10; 1 Sa. 5:9, 11; 14:20). ESV Study Bible, The: English Standard Version.