Habacuque 3
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
Habacuque 3
MacArthur adds that...With rhetorical vividness, Habakkuk addressed the Lord directly, rehearsing His judicial actions against anything that opposes His will. (Borrow The MacArthur Study Bible) ESV Study Bible (borrow)...The chariot of salvation is a picture of God bringing deliverance to this people. Salvation (03444) (yeshua) means deliverance, help, victory, prosperity. The main idea is to rescue one from danger (Ex 14:13, 2Chr 20:17). To move from distress > safety requires deliverance. Generally deliverance comes from an outside source. A title of God, Savior (Dt 32:15). Yeshuah - 77v - Translated - deeds of deliverance(1), deliverance(6), help(4), prosperity(1), salvation(61), save(1), saving(1), security(1), victories(1), victory(1).Gen 49:18; Ex 14:13; 15:2; Deut 32:15; 1 Sam 2:1; 14:45; 2 Sam 10:11; 22:51; 1Chr 16:23; 2Chr 20:17; Job 13:16; 30:15; Ps 3:2, 8; 9:14; 13:5; 14:7; 18:50; 20:5; 21:1, 5; 22:1; 28:8; 35:3, 9; 42:5, 11; 43:5; 44:4; 53:6; 62:1f, 6; 67:2; 68:19; 69:29; 70:4; 74:12; 78:22; 80:2; 88:1; 89:26; 91:16; 96:2; 98:2f; 106:4; 116:13; 118:14f, 21; 119:123, 155, 166, 174; 140:7; 149:4; Isa 12:2f; 25:9; 26:1, 18; 33:2, 6; 49:6, 8; 51:6, 8; 52:7, 10; 56:1; 59:11, 17; 60:18; 62:1; Jonah 2:9; Hab 3:8. Patterson comments that "God’s deliverance (is) represented by the “chariots of salvation.”" Habakkuk 3:9 Your bow was made bare, the rods of chastisement were sworn. Selah. You cleaved the earth with rivers.: bow: Dt 32:23 Ps 7:12,13 Ps 35:1-3 Isa 51:9,10 Isa 52:10 La 2:4 Sworn: Ge 15:18-21 17:7,8 22:16-18 26:3,4 28:13,14 Ps 105:8-11 Lu 1:72-75 Heb 6:13-18 You cleaved: Ex 17:6 Nu 20:11 Ps 78:15,16 Ps 105:41 1Co 10:4 Habakkuk 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries GOD, THE MIGHTY WARRIOR ESV = You stripped the sheath from your bow, calling for many arrows. Selah You split the earth with rivers. NET = Your bow is ready for action; You commission your arrows. Selah. You cause flash floods on the earth's surface. NIV = You uncovered your bow, You called for many arrows. Selah You split the earth with rivers; NKJV = Your bow was made quite ready; Oaths were sworn over Your arrows. Selah You divided the earth with rivers. NLT = You brandished your bow and your quiver of arrows. You split open the earth with flowing rivers. The NET Note on "the rods of chastisement were sworn" explains that this refers to those that have sworn allegiance. In context...the Lord’s arrows are personified and viewed as having received a commission which they have vowed to uphold. In Jer 47:6–7 the Lord’s sword is given such a charge. In the Ugaritic myths Baal’s weapons are formally assigned the task of killing the sea god Yam. You cleaved (ESV = "split") the earth with rivers - The omnipotence of God is emphasized in His control of the rivers which He is able to use to split the earth. The NET Note on "You cleaved the earth with rivers" explains that...A literal rendering like “You split the earth with rivers” (so NIV, NRSV) suggests geological activity to the modern reader, but in the present context of a violent thunderstorm, the idea of streams swollen to torrents by downpours better fits the imagery. As the Lord comes in a thunderstorm the downpour causes streams to swell to river-like proportions and spread over the surface of the ground, causing flash floods. Habakkuk 3:10 The mountains saw You and quaked; The downpour of waters swept by. The deep uttered forth its voice, It lifted high its hands.: mountains: Hab 3:6 Ex 19:16-18 Jud 5:4,5 Ps 68:7,8 Ps 77:18 Ps 97:4,5 Ps 114:4,6 Isa 64:1,2 Jer 4:24 Mic 1:4 Na 1:5 Mt 27:51 Rev 6:14 20:11 Downpour: Ex 14:22-28 Jos 3:15,16 Jos 4:18,23,24 Ne 9:11 Ps 18:15 66:6 Ps 74:13-15 Ps 77:16-19 Ps 114:3-8 Ps 136:13-15 Isa 11:15,16 63:11-13 Heb 11:29 Rev 16:12 The deep: Ps 65:13 Ps 93:3 Ps 96:11-13 Ps 98:7,8 Isa 43:20 Isa 55:12 Habakkuk 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries CREATION'S REACTION TO GOD'S COMING These next two verses show that creation reacts dramatically to the coming of the Lord. Quaked (ESV = "writhed", KJV = "be in pain") is translated in the Lxx with the Greek verb odino which means to experience pains of childbirth (e.g., Dt 32:18; Isa 13:8; 26:17; Jer 4:31) The deep - word often refers to the forces of the sea which obey the Lord (Ex 15:5, 8; Isa 51:10; Ezek 26:19; 31:15; Ps 33:7; 77:16; 135:6). Lifted high its hands - A figurative description personifying the waves of the sea (all under the control of the sovereign God). Habakkuk 3:11 Sun and moon stood in their places; They went away at the light of Your arrows, at the radiance of Your gleaming spear.: sun: Jos 10:12,13 Isa 28:21 Isa 38:8 Places: Ps 19:4 At the light: Jos 10:11 Ps 18:12-14 Ps 77:17,18 Ps 144:5,6 Habakkuk 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries NLT = The lofty sun and moon began to fade, obscured by brilliance from your arrows and the flashing of your glittering spear. Sun and moon stood still - This presumably refers to another time in history when God's enemies were judged by His intervention as recorded in Joshua 10:12-14 Joshua 10:12 Then Joshua spoke to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the sons of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, “O sun, stand still at Gibeon, And O moon in the valley of Aijalon.” 13 So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, Until the nation avenged themselves of their enemies. Is it not written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stopped in the middle of the sky, and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day. 14 And there was no day like that before it or after it, when the LORD listened to the voice of a man; for the LORD fought for Israel. Patterson "For the participation of other celestial phenomena in earthly events, see Jdg 5:20; Isa 60:19, 20." (Ibid) Habakkuk 3:12 In indignation You marched through the earth. In anger You trampled the nations.: KJV Habakkuk 3:12 Thou didst march through the land in indignation, thou didst thresh the heathen in anger. BGT Habakkuk 3:12 ἐν ἀπειλῇ ὀλιγώσεις γῆν καὶ ἐν θυμῷ κατάξεις ἔθνη LXE Habakkuk 3:12 Thou wilt bring low the land with threatening, and in wrath thou wilt break down the nations. NET Habakkuk 3:12 You furiously stomp on the earth, you angrily trample down the nations. CSB Habakkuk 3:12 You march across the earth with indignation; You trample down the nations in wrath. ESV Habakkuk 3:12 You marched through the earth in fury; you threshed the nations in anger. NIV Habakkuk 3:12 In wrath you strode through the earth and in anger you threshed the nations. NLT Habakkuk 3:12 You marched across the land in anger and trampled the nations in your fury. NRS Habakkuk 3:12 In fury you trod the earth, in anger you trampled nations. NJB Habakkuk 3:12 In rage you stride across the land, in anger you trample the nations. NAB Habakkuk 3:12 In wrath you bestride the earth, in fury you trample the nations. YLT Habakkuk 3:12 In indignation Thou dost tread earth, In anger Thou dost thresh nations. GWN Habakkuk 3:12 You march through the earth with fury. You trample the nations in anger. BBE Habakkuk 3:12 You went stepping through the land in wrath, crushing the nations in your passion. RSV Habakkuk 3:12 Thou didst bestride the earth in fury, thou didst trample the nations in anger. NKJ Habakkuk 3:12 You marched through the land in indignation; You trampled the nations in anger. ASV Habakkuk 3:12 Thou didst march though the land in indignation; Thou didst thresh the nations in anger. DBY Habakkuk 3:12 Thou didst march through the land in indignation, Thou didst thresh the nations in anger. Marched: Nu 21:23-35 Jos 6:1-12:24 Ne 9:22-24 Ps 44:1-3 Ps 78:55 Ac 13:19 Trampled: Jer 51:33 Am 1:3 Mic 4:12,13 Habakkuk 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MANIFESTATIONS OF GOD'S RIGHTEOUS WRATH In indignation You marched...in anger You trampled - This reads as a past tense event, but the Septuagint uses the future tense for both verbs. As discussed below this description seems to have eschatological implications, awaiting a yet future fulfillment. In indignation - God's anger is not like man's anger! God's wrath is never petty or inappropriate, but is always perfectly righteous. Indignation (02195) (za'am) describes either the expression or experiencing of intense anger or wrath. Most often za'am refers to God's indignation, but occasionally to individuals (Jer 15:17, Ho 7:16). Za'am is often coupled with other Hebrew words that also describe anger ('ap [0639] in Ps 69:24, Isa 10:5, 25, 30:27; Zeph 3:8; 'ebrah [05678] in Ps 78:49; Ezek 21:31; Ezek 22:31 and qesep (07110) in Ps 102:10; Jer 10:10). Za'am - 15x in OT - indignation(21), insolence(1). Ps 38:3; Ps 69:24; Ps 78:49; Ps 102:10; Isa 10:5, 25; Isa 13:5; Isa 26:20; Isa 30:27; Jer 10:10; Jer 15:17; Jer 50:25; Lam 2:6; Ezek 21:31; Ezek 22:24, 31; Da 8:19; Da 11:36; Hos 7:16; Nah 1:6; Hab 3:12; Zeph 3:8 In Daniel 11 za'am describes the time of the Great Tribulation (cp Zeph 3:8 which describes Rev 16:14-16-note)... Daniel 11:36-note "Then the king (The Antichrist) will do as he pleases, and he will exalt and magnify himself above every god and will speak monstrous things against the God of gods; and he will prosper until the indignation is finished (Greek reads "until the wrath shall be accomplished"), for that which is decreed will be done. Through the earth - If one interprets this passage literally, it seems to describe God's wrath poured out on the entire world. The only time yet future that such an event will occur is in the time Daniel's Seventieth Week, a seven year period, the last 3.5 years of which Jesus designated the Great Tribulation (Mt 24:21, When is "then?" - See Mt 24:15 = begins at the midpoint of the 7 year period, coinciding with the "revelation" of the Antichrist as predicted by Daniel in Da 9:27-note), which will be abruptly brought to an end when Messiah returns to defeat all His enemies (Mt 24:27-31, Rev 1:7-note [Click for an interesting discussion of "The Coming One"], Rev 19:11-21-note). Trampled (KJV = thresh) (02195) (dus/dush) refers to threshing (oxen moving around in a circular pit trampling the wheat or barley to separate the grain from the stalk) and is often used figuratively to depict military invasions and/or the execution of judgment. Threshing was often a symbol of judgment (Isa 41:15; Mic 4:13). The Lxx uses the Greek verb katagnumi which means to break in pieces or break in two (Mt 12:20, Jn 19:31-33) and is in the future tense which indicates in His wrath, God will break the nations in pieces. Has this event happened? Clearly this prophecy awaits a future fulfillment when God's wrath is finally and fully poured out on the nations, those who have rejected His offer of salvation. Barker comments that...Habakkuk saw God the Master Farmer threshing the nations, throwing them away as useless chaff in order to preserve his chosen people. (Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah - Broadman & Holman Publishers - The New American Commentary) Habakkuk's description parallels the picture described in... Isa 63:3+ “I have trodden the wine trough alone, and from the peoples there was no man with Me. I also trod them in My anger, and trampled them in My wrath; And their lifeblood is sprinkled on My garments, And I stained all My raiment. (Related Resource: Isaiah 63:1–64:12 The Advent in Judgment - S Lewis Johnson) There are two similar descriptions of God threshing His enemies in the book of the Revelation Rev 14:19+ And the angel swung his sickle to the earth, and gathered the clusters from the vine of the earth, and threw them into the great wine press of the wrath of God 20 And the wine press was trodden outside the city, and blood came out from the wine press, up to the horses’ bridles, for a distance of two hundred miles. Tony
Habacuque 3
MacArthur comments on "Your anointed"...Both the parallelism with Hab 3:13a (“Your people”) and the numerous contextual allusions to the Exodus make this a likely reference to Moses and the chosen people of Israel, who, as God’s anointed, achieved victory over Pharaoh and the armies of Egypt (cf. Ps 105:15). Ultimately, it foreshadows a subsequent, future deliverance in anticipation of the Messiah (cf. Ps 132:10-12) promised in the Davidic Covenant (cf. 2Sa 7:11-16). NET NOTE Heb "anointed one." In light of the parallelism with "your people" in the preceding line this could refer to Israel, but elsewhere the Lord's anointed one is always an individual. The Davidic king is the more likely referent here. A C Gaebelein adds that... But while He comes thus, executing wrath and judgment upon the ungodly, He comes in mercy. He goes forth for the salvation of His people, for the salvation of Thine anointed, that is, the elect nation (Israel) and the God-fearing, waiting remnant of the last days (see Ps. 105:15). Spendera comments that... The context portrays the Lord (not a king) delivering His people, and since “Your anointed” is parallel to “Your people,” it is best to understand “anointed” as a reference to God’s people, Israel (NET NOTE DISAGREES). Use of the singular “anointed one” leads some interpreters to take it as a reference to the king, but it may simply be a collective use of the term. The Lord’s anger goes out against the nations who have opposed His people. His victory, then, was over the enemy that is represented as the “head of the house of evil”. Historically the evil head may refer to Pharaoh, who led Egypt against Israel. For the prophet it would be equally relevant to see a coming judgment upon the king of Babylon. But there is also a future dimension to Habakkuk’s psalm that envisions God’s triumph over all evil. So whether the reference includes the Exodus, the Exile or an eschatological enemy, it places the victory squarely with the Lord. To this, the psalm adds its third “Selah” (Hab 3:13). (COMMENT - Spendera says "the evil head may refer to Pharaoh," but is there not a final, more fulminant evil in the last days? Indeed, there is for the Antichrist is himself empowered by Satan and seeks to rule the world portraying himself as god. 2Th 2:2-4, Rev 13:3-5) Habakkuk 3:14 You pierced with his own spears the head of his throngs. They stormed in to scatter us; Their exultation was like those Who devour the oppressed in secret.: the head: Ex 11:4-7 Ex 12:12,13,29,30 Ex 14:17,18 Ps 78:50,51 Ps 83:9-11 They stormed: Ex 14:5-9 Ex 15:9,10 Ps 83:2,8 Ps 118:10-12 Ac 4:27,28 Scatter: Da 11:40 Zec 9:14 Exultation: Ex 1:10-16,22 Ps 10:8 Ps 64:2-7 Habakkuk 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries ESV = You pierced with his own arrows the heads of his warriors, who came like a whirlwind to scatter me, rejoicing as if to devour the poor in secret. The reader should note that this verse is extremely difficult to interpret, leading one writer to state "this text seems to defy comprehension." It may be a possible reference to the pursuit of fleeing Israel at the Red Sea by Pharaoh’s army (Ex 14:5-9). Like the poor, Israel appeared to be easy prey for the pursuing Egyptians. Others see this as an allusion to the Babylonians. Habakkuk 3:15 You trampled on the sea with Your horses, on the surge of many waters.: Trampled: Hab 3:8 Ps 77:19 Habakkuk 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries You trampled on the sea - Compare a similar description in... Ps 77:19 Thy way was in the sea, and Thy paths in the mighty waters, and Thy footprints may not be known. When you don’t know where God is, when your circumstances seem to be crashing down on you, and you are trying to get a perspective take the approach of Habakkuk. Don’t look outward, looking to man for solutions. Don't look inward, looking for a solution. Look upward. Look to God! This is what Habakkuk does. He prays and the result is he sees the Holy One, trampling the sea with His horses. He sees God going forth for the salvation of His people, etc. We need to remember that whatever our circumstances are now, one day God will get the final victory for His people. Habakkuk 3:16 I heard and my inward parts trembled, at the sound my lips quivered. Decay enters my bones, and in my place I tremble. Because I must wait quietly for the day of distress, for the people to arise who will invade us.: I heard: Hab 3:2 1:5-11 My inward parts: Ps 119:120 Jer 23:9 Eze 3:14 Da 8:27 Da 10:8 Because I must wait quietly: Ps 91:15 94:12,13 Isa 26:20,21 Jer 15:10,11 45:3-5 Eze 9:4-6 2Th 1:6-9 The people: Hab 1:6 Dt 28:49-52 2Ki 24:1,2 Jer 25:9-11 Habakkuk 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries THE PROPHET'S RESPONSE TO REVELATION LXE = I watched, and my belly trembled at the sound of the prayer of my lips, and trembling entered into my bones, and my frame was troubled within me; I will rest in the day of affliction, from going up to the people of my sojourning. NJB = When I heard, I trembled to the core, my lips quivered at the sound; my bones became disjointed and my legs gave way beneath me. Calmly I await the day of anguish which is dawning on the people now attacking us. NET = I listened and my stomach churned; the sound made my lips quiver. My frame went limp, as if my bones were decaying, and I shook as I tried to walk. I long for the day of distress to come upon the people who attack us. I heard and my inward parts trembled (NET = "I listened and my stomach churned") - Habakkuk reverts to first person. Guzik... Habakkuk shows the proper response of man under the sovereign power of God. He recognizes his own weakness and low standing before this God of all majesty and power. At the sound my lips quivered - The Pulpit Commentary says that "The word rendered “quivered” (tsalal) is applied to the tingling of the ears (1Sa 3:11; 2Ki 21:12), and implies that the prophet’s lips so trembled that he was scarcely able to utter speech. Decay enters my bones (NET = "My frame went limp, as if my bones were decaying") - A figurative description denoting that the strongest part of his body (his bony framework) was weakened by the awesome nature of the overwhelming vision he had just received and recorded. This description suggests that his skeletal frame could not even stabilize him, making him unsteady on his feet. In my place I tremble (NET = "I shook as I tried to walk." NIV = "My legs trembled") Wait quietly (KJV = "rest", NIV "I will wait patiently") (05117) (nuach) literally describes an absence of movement (the ark "rested" on Mt Ararat = Ge 8:4). Nuach means to rest, to remain, to be quiet. Compared to Habakkuk, Job was "not at rest" (Job 3:26). The Lxx renders nuach with the Greek the verb anapauo (word study) means strictly to make to cease and then comes to mean to remain quiet or restful, to be still and in some contexts includes the ideas of to revive or refresh (as used in Mt 11:28-note). The TWOT writes that Spiritual rest (the absence of trouble) is seen in Isa 14:3, 7 (cf. Pr 29:9), and most clearly in Isa 28:12 (although this has clear soteriological overtones). The only true place of spiritual rest is God (mānûah, Ps 116:7). At the beginning of his prayer, Habakkuk said "I have heard the report about You and I fear." And now after Hab 3:3-15 he says he trembles, convulsing to the very depths of his being! Why? He has been overwhelmed by his theophany or manifestation of the coming Holy One. Picture Habakkuk's his heart pounding, his respiratory rate racing, his lips quivering. The phrase "decay enters my bones" Can we not identify with Habakkuk's description? He was a real person just like us and so the reality of the coming Babylonian judgment caused him to tremble. There are times in our life when we tremble, when we are so weak, we feel we might faint from fear or despair. And yet Habakkuk was to experience what Paul later described declaring "When I am weak, then I am strong." (2Cor 12:9). STRENGTH TO WAIT QUIETLY Given his feelings, how could Habakkuk wait quietly for the day of distress? Clearly if he had depended on and yielded to his feelings ("inward parts trembled...my lips quivered. Decay enters my bones...I tremble"), he could never have waited quietly nor make such a great confession of faith. So what was Habakkuk's secret? A better question to ask is where was his focus? Warren