Isaías 10
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
Isaías 10
MacArthur adds that... A small nucleus of God’s people, preserved by His sovereign grace, form this righteous remnant in the midst of national apostasy. There were always the obedient few who preserved, obeyed, and passed on God’s law. There will always be a remnant because God will never forsake the Abrahamic Covenant (cf. Mic 2:12,13; Ro 9:27; 11:5). (MacArthur, J.: The MacArthur Study Bible Nashville: Word) The one who struck them - The king of the empire of Assyria. Rely...rely (08172) (sha'an) which means to lean upon or rest against (as for support - Samson in Jdg 16:26, Saul on his sword 2Sa 1:6) and figuratively as in this passage means to rely on in the sense of depending upon. The idea is that one has trust and belief in something (someone). For example in a proverb most of us have memorized (if you have not, you should consider memorizing it!) we read... Trust (Hebrew = batah; Lxx = peitho) in Jehovah with all (Lxx = holos = a whole heart) your heart and do not lean (sha'an) on your own understanding. (Pr 3:5) Comment: Trust in God or trust in self is the picture. Sha'an - 20 verses in the OT - Ge 18:4; Nu 21:15; Jdg 16:26; 2Sa 1:6; 2Kgs 5:18; 7:2, 17; 2Chr 13:18; 14:11; 16:7, 8; Job 8:15; 24:23; Pr 3:5; Isa 10:20; 30:12; 31:1; 50:10; Ezek 29:7; Mic 3:11 In Isa 30:11, 31:1, 50:10 trust (batah) and rely (sha'an) are linked together. Notice also that the NASB translates sha'an as "trust" (in Jehovah) in 2Chr 13:18, 14:11, 16:7, 8. Clearly what you chose to rely on equates with that in which you place your trust. Young sees a turning point in the passage writing that... Here grace breaks through! The promises of God have not failed. Ahaz had leaned for help upon Assyria, and Assyria had set free from the danger that threatened him. As a result, however, there came a train of worse evils. Assyria marched in mighty power against Judah, but Assyria would be brought to an end, and then the people of God would turn to the only One upon whom they could safely lean for support, the Holy One of Israel. (The Book of Isaiah 3 Vol. Edward J. Young) JEHOVAH - JESUS THE HOLY ONE OF ISRAEL The LORD, the Holy One of Israel - "LORD" in all capital letters signifies "Jehovah" in the NASB and Jehovah is clearly identified as the Holy One of Israel (see notes on "Holy One" in Isa 10:17). Who is "Jehovah"? Or to ask it another way, who is "I Am" in the New Testament? Or is "Jehovah" mentioned in the NT? The answer is yes, for John records These things Isaiah said, because he saw His glory, and he spoke of Him. (John 12:41) Comment by Criswell: The passage undoubtedly refers to the magnificent vision of Isaiah (cf. Isa. 6), but also to the great Suffering Servant prophecy of Isa. 53 (Jn 12:38). Again the theme is sounded: the Messiah's glory is revealed in His suffering. Since John declares that Isaiah saw the glory of Jesus, it is certain that this vision was a Christophany, i.e., a pre-incarnate appearance of the living Lord. See also study of Jehovah = Jesus MacArthur adds: (John 12:41) is a reference to Isaiah 6:1. John unambiguously ties Jesus to God or Yahweh of the OT (see note on 8:58)....(In John 8:58) Jesus declared Himself to be Yahweh, i.e., the LORD of the OT. Merrill Tenney comments: John says that Isaiah saw Jesus and spoke of him. He identified Jesus with the Jehovah (Yahweh) of the OT. Application: Who are you relying upon -- self or Savior? Have you surrendered your "right" and your ability to take care of thing in your way, the way you thing is right? Or are you willing to give up your way of confronting the "Assyrians" in your life and rely on God's way? Isaiah 10:21 A remnant will return, the remnant of Jacob, to the Mighty God.: return: Isa 7:3 9:13 19:22 55:7 65:8,9 Ho 6:1 7:10,16 14:1 Ac 26:20 2Co 3:14-16) A REMNANT REPENTS A remnant will return...to the mighty God - A picture of repentance. This phrase is reminiscent of the name of Isaiah's son, Shear-jashub (Isa 7:3). A small nucleus of God’s people, preserved by His sovereign grace, form this righteous remnant (righteous by grace through faith, even like Abraham - Ge 15:6) in the midst of national apostasy. There were always the few who preserved, obeyed, and passed on God’s law. There will always be a remnant because God will never forsake the Abrahamic Covenant (cf. Mic 2:12,13 Ro 9:27 11:5). Return (07725) (shub) describes movement back to a point of departure, which can be literal (sun dial in 2Ki 20:10) or figurative as in the present passage where shub conveys the idea of a radical change in one's attitude toward sin. This sense of shub implies a conscious moral separation and personal decision to forsake sin and enter fellowship with God. We see a striking example of this meaning in the king of Nineveh's charge to his people to "turn (shub) from his wicked way and from the violence which is in his hands." (Jonah 3:8). Repentance combines a turn from evil and a turn to good. This remnant makes a volitional choice to turn around and come back to the Mighty God. The Dictionary of Biblical Imagery notes that... The remnant motif in the Bible is associated with a variety of images, but the starting point of the motif is with Israel, as an ethnic people, a nation and ultimately as a symbol of the people of God. These can carry either a positive connotation, such as the “righteous remnant,” or a negative connotation, such as what remains following judgment. The negative aspect of remnant is portrayed in exaggerated and colorful ways that convey the gravity of divine judgment....Isaiah’s remnant idea (often) carries with it the hope of restoration. The judgment will act as a purge that will remove impure dross and leave behind a pure residue (Is 1:25,26; see Purity). Those who have faith will survive the coming flood (Is 28:16; 30:15). A holy seed will survive (Is 6:13). “He who is left in Zion and remains in Jerusalem will be called holy, every one who has been recorded for life in Jerusalem” (Is 4:3 RSV) (Dictionary of Biblical Imagery- Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit, Tremper Longman III) (This is a unique resource and is highly recommended!) Mighty God (El Gibbor) is the same name by which Isaiah had described the Messiah in (Isaiah 9:6-note). God is the "Warrior God" Who is able to liberate His people from the oppression of their enemies (in this case the Assyrians). Young comments that... Herein is graphically expressed the truth which was taught in the name of Isaiah’s son, Shear-jashub. Salvation had been promised, the seed of the woman would bruise the serpent’s head. If this is to be accomplished there must be a remnant. A remnant will indeed return, and this is the remnant of Jacob. It is the true Israel, the elect people of God, who will lean not upon the smiter Assyria but upon the Mighty God. This Mighty God has already been introduced. He is One that will sit upon the throne of David. To turn to ʾel gibbor is to turn to the Lord Himself. “Afterward,” said the Lord through Hosea, “shall the children of Israel return, and seek the Lord their God, and David their king; and shall fear the Lord and His goodness in the latter days” (Hos. 3:5). (The Book of Isaiah 3 Vol. Edward J. Young) Comment: Most conservative commentators interpret Hosea 3:5 as a prophecy of the nation of Israel's repentance after going through the Refiner's fire of the Great Tribulation (cp Zech 12:10, 13:8, 9, Ro 11:25, 26-note). Henry
Isaías 10
MacArthur comments: Isaiah prophesied that the southern kingdom of Judah would be conquered and scattered—temporarily rejected by God—because of her unbelief. Paul’s point is that the scattering Isaiah described was only a preview of Israel’s rejection of the Messiah and her subsequent destruction and scattering. John Witmer comments that in Romans 9:27-28: Paul quoted Old Testament verses to support the fact that God in His sovereign choice and calling always includes a Jewish segment, though it is a minority. The passages quoted (Isa. 10:22, 23 and Isa 1:9, both from the Septuagint - Lxx) make it clear that in God’s judgment on rebellious Israel He by sovereign choice preserves and saves a remnant. Those promises were fulfilled in the Captivity and Exile of both Israel and Judah and in the destruction of Jerusalem in 70AD and will also be fulfilled in the national end-time deliverance of Israel (Ro 11:26, 27). Vine comments that this verse... makes clear that here again (as often in OT prophecy) the passage points not merely to the immediate fulfillment, as in the case of the Assyrian invasion, but looks on to later circumstances. For the apostle Paul in Romans 9:27 applies Isa 10:22, 23 to the yet future time, when Israel, passing through the Great Tribulation, will be reduced in number to a mere remnant (cp Zech 13:8, 9), the nucleus of the redeemed nation at the inception of the Millennium. This will be the issue of “the consumption decreed,” i.e., the judgments of “the time of Jacob’s trouble,” (Jer 30:7) executed “with righteousness” in the midst of the land. Accordingly the prophecy relates to the future time of “the Day of the Lord.” Oswalt... The promises to Abraham will not be abrogated; indeed, they will be fulfilled (Ge 22:17; 32:12). But they cannot be used as a hedge to protect oneself from judgment (Luke 3:7, 8, 9), which is apparently what some were doing in Isaiah’s day. (The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 1–39) On the phrase overflowing with righteousness,
Isaías 10
MacArthur notes that: Israel’s final restoration was not immediately at hand. Hence she had to continue praying in solitude for that restoration until the time of God’s indignation would pass. John Martin commenting on Isa 26:20, 21 adds that: Isaiah wrote that the future remnant should hide during the time of distress (God’s wrath in the Tribulation), knowing that deliverance from the Lord will come. Eventually the Lord will set matters right by punishing people...for their sins. All sins will be made known (the earth will disclose the blood shed upon her), whether they have been done in secret or in public. These words would have encouraged the remnant in Isaiah’s day to remain true to the Lord, knowing that He will eventually judge sin. After that judgment is accomplished, believers will be able to sing the song recorded in Isaiah 26. Young sees not only a past fulfillment (in Assyrian and Babylonian "indignation" against the Jews) but also a future aspect stating that the period of indignation continued until the restoration was complete and Christ had come. Indignation was then the prelude of blessing to God’s people and of wrath for His enemies. (The Book of Isaiah 3 Vol. Edward J. Young) My anger will be directed to their destruction - When God had finished punishing His people, He would direct His dreadful, powerful hand against Assyria. Isaiah 10:26 The LORD of hosts will arouse a scourge against him like the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb; and His staff will be over the sea and He will lift it up the way He did in Egypt. : ( Arouse: Isa 10:16-19 2Ki 19:35 Ps 35:23 Like: Isa 9:4 Jud 7:25 Ps 83:11 Staff: Isa 10:24 11:16 51:9,10 Ex 14:25-27 Ne 9:10,11 Ps 106:10,11 Hab 3:7-15 Rev 11:18 19:15 THE IMPORTANCE OF REMEMBERING PAST DIVINE DELIVERANCES Jehovah explains how He will scourge Assyria by comparing her punishment to that of two prior episodes of divine deliverance which would serve to encourage Judah and Jerusalem that would survive the coming onslaught of the Assyrians. LORD of hosts (see study) - Yahweh of Armies is able to defeat any human army! Arouse (05782)('ur) stir up, awake, incite. Once again we see clearly that the sovereign hand of the Almighty is in control of in human history! What event, circumstance, trial, test, temptation or person is there in your life with which you are not willing to trust Him? A scourge - This is a reference to the Babylonian and Median attack on the remnant of the Assyrian Empire in about 609BC. The invaders divided the scraps of Assyria among themselves. (For a discussion of the "Last period and Fall of the Empire" scroll to the bottom of link = Assyria) Scourge (07752)(shot) is a whip or lash (eg, to control animals - Pr 26:3, Na 3:2). The idea is that of a device (such as a whip with leather thongs) used to punish and bring pain (eg, 1Ki 12:11, 14). Shot - 11v in the OT - 1Ki 12:11, 14; 2Chr 10:11, 14; Job 5:21; 9:23; Pr 26:3; Isa 10:26; 28:15, 18; Nah 3:2. NAS = scourge(5), whip(2), whips(4). The records of what God has done in the past to protect us and deliver us should serve to strengthen us for the attacks of adversity, affliction, and trials that are yet to come. God remains faithful and our faith in His faithfulness is founded on His past episodes of faithfulness! The slaughter of Midian - Jdg 7:25-note describes the victory of Gideon's small band of men over the hordes of Midianites at the rock of Oreb. This term of comparison (like the slaughter) is saying that just as miraculous and complete was Gideon’s victory over the Midianites, Jehovah's judgment of Assyria would be similar just as complete and miraculous. 2Kings 19:35 describes how God simply sent the Angel of the LORD, and killed 185,000 Assyrians in one night. When the people woke up, there were 185,000 dead Assyrian soldiers. His staff...over the sea - This is clearly a reference to Israel's miraculous deliverance from Egyptian bondage via God's opening (for Israel to pass through) and closing (for destruction of Pharaoh's army) of the Red Sea (see use of staff in Ex 14:16, 26, 15:4). In the same way as He miraculously eradicated the Egyptians, He would do something similarly miraculous against Assyria. (See In A Single Day for passages describing God's miraculous intervention.) Application: When fear assaults you, do you fall back by faith on those times the Lord showed Himself mighty in your life? Do you keep a record of those times to "memorialize" His faithfulness? Do you pass these truths on to your children? (See also Fear, How to Handle It) Oswalt records this illustration... In the 1970s Joseph Tson, a Romanian pastor, heard a Voice of America broadcast enumerating all of the failed promises of Marxism, and he immediately thought of all the promises of the Christian faith that have come true. He has said that in that moment he knew Communism could not survive and that he and other Christians should begin preparing for the day of its collapse. We might marvel at such vision, but the fact is, Tson was a man with a memory, and because of that memory, he could see the future when others could not. (Ibid) Isaiah 10:27 So it will be in that day, that his burden will be removed from your shoulders and his yoke from your neck, and the yoke will be broken because of fatness. burden: Isa 9:4 14:25 2Ki 18:13,14 Na 1:9-13 because: Isa 37:35 2Sa 1:21 Ps 2:1-3,6: Ps 20:6 45:7 84:9 89:20-52 105:15 132:10,17,18 Da 9:24-26 Lk 4:18 Jn 1:41: Ac 4:27 1Jn 2:20,27 In that day - What day? The day God removes the yoke of oppression of Assyria from Judah. Burden...yoke - These are terms that speak of bondage or servitude that the Assyrian kings used to boast about putting on the necks of conquered peoples. Oswalt records an example of of boasting in the annals of Sargon II “[I] imposed upon them the yoke of Ashur, my lord.” Isaiah 10:28 He has come against Aiath, He has passed through Migron; At Micmash he deposited his baggage. : Aiath: Jos 7:2 Ne 11:31)(Migron: 1Sa 14:2)(Michmash: 1Sa 13:2,5 14:5,31) In Isa 10:28-32 we have a graphic description of the Assyrian advance toward Jerusalem from the city farthest north Aiath or Ai southward to Nob which is on the outskirts of Jerusalem. This is as far as the army of the Assyrians came against Judah. They were stopped here when the Lord killed 185,000 Assyrian soldiers in one night. Ryrie says that all of the cities mentioned in verse 28-32 are within a three hour march of Jerusalem. Aiath or Ai (map)...Migron...Micmash (map)...Geba (map)...Ramah (map)...Gibeah (map)... Gallim (exact location not known but just north of Jerusalem)...Laish (exact location not known but supposedly about a mile NE of Jerusalem)...Anathoth...Madmenah...Gebim...Nob (5-6 kilometers NE of Jerusalem)