Mateus 19
John Phillips · Citado em PreceptAustin
Mateus 19
Phillips says "In the context of the sinless perfection that prevailed at the beginning, there could be no question of divorce. The need for it would never arise. But man is no longer living in paradise. We dwell in a sin-cursed world and we have fallen Adamic natures. Even believers, who are indwelt by the Holy Spirit, feel the pressure of temptation. All kinds of evil can lurk within the marriage relationship. The Pharisees therefore responded to Christ's idealistic statement by appealing to Moses. (See Exploring the Gospel of Matthew: An Expository Commentary - Page 377) “Why then did Moses command (entellomai) to GIVE HER A CERTIFICATE (biblion) OF DIVORCE (apostasion) AND SEND her AWAY (apoluo) - The Pharisees conveniently bypass Jesus' teaching on Genesis and quote from Deuteronomy 24:1-4+. Notice their question begins with a major flaw -- Moses did not command divorce (see MacArthur below)! So what is this brood of vipers doing by asking this question? By pointing to Moses’ allowance (not command) for divorce, the Pharisees sought to create a contradiction between Jesus’ teaching and the Mosaic Law, undermining His authority as a Teacher and Prophet. And of course if Jesus dismissed Moses’ teaching, He could be accused of contradicting the Law. Since divorce was such a hot topic among the Jews, the Pharisees likely hoped He would respond in a way that would alienate either the permissive (Hillel) or the strict (Shammai) group. Comment on Mark 10:4+ - They appeal to Moses to give the appearance of divine support for their liberal divorce customs. Ultimately they are seeking to put Jesus in conflict with Moses who was highly esteemed by the Jews. Note the word permitted which means he allowed them to do this (suffered them to do it). Note it does not say Moses commanded the practice, nor does it say Moses condemned the practice. Notice also how the Pharisees pulled this text out of context to make a proof-text! In other words, the Pharisees conveniently omitted the section in Deut 24:1+ which said "because he has found some indecency in her." They emphasized their "right" to divorce without mentioning the qualification Moses had stated! Slippery snakes! David
Mateus 19
Phillips - The original institution of marriage contained no provision for divorce. Initially marriage was not a civil contract made by man. Marriage was God's plan for the human race. It was not something that man could repeal or dissolve. The concept of marriage here restated by the Lord was the divine ideal. It is still the divine ideal. Marriage is for the benefit of man and woman, for the sanctifying of the most intimate of all human relationships, for the protection of the children resulting from the marriage, and for the health of society. (See Exploring the Gospel of Matthew: An Expository Commentary - Page 377)
Mateus 19
Phillips adds "The Lord's response to His disciples was swift and to the point. Aware of the fact that not all people can live up to His teaching on marriage and divorce, the Lord said to His friends, "All men cannot receive this saying, save they to whom it is given." The Lord recognized two things: (1) the absolute sanctity of marriage, including the importance of safeguarding it from any attempt to tear it down or devaluate it; and (2) the sad but undeniable fact that, apart from God's special grace, not all people, not even all His own people, can accept the disciplines demanded by the ideal. Certainly we are not to force those disciplines, as a rule of faith, on other people. The Lord did not slight those who do not have what it takes to receive His teaching. Nor did He give us authority to sit in judgment on those who find His standards too high. QUESTION - Does the Bible teach that there is a gift of celibacy? ANSWER - Two passages in the New Testament are typically used to discuss what is sometimes called “the gift of celibacy.” The first is Matthew 19:9–12, “‘I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, and marries another woman commits adultery.’ The disciples said to him, ‘If this is the situation between a husband and wife, it is better not to marry.’ Jesus replied, ‘Not everyone can accept this word, but only those to whom it has been given. For some are eunuchs because they were born that way; others were made that way by men; and others have renounced marriage because of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it.’” The phrase only those to whom it has been given refers to people receiving what some call “the gift of celibacy” or “the gift of singleness.” Regardless of what we call the gift, Jesus teaches that most people do not naturally desire to remain single and celibate for a lifetime. Of the exceptions, two are physical, and one is ethical or religious: 1) some forego marriage due to their natural constitution—they are born with no desire to marry; 2) some do not marry because of some violent act perpetrated upon them by others; and 3) some, by the grace of God, have chosen to renounce marriage for the kingdom’s sake. Such celibates have received a special gift from God. The ability to stay single and serve God apart from marriage is a gift. The other pertinent passage is 1 Corinthians 7. In this chapter Paul states that it is not wrong to get married, but that it is better if a Christian can stay single. (The reason is that a married man’s attention is “divided” between pleasing the Lord and pleasing his wife; a single man is free to be more focused on the Lord’s work, 1Co 7:32-34.) Paul says, “I wish that all men were [unmarried] as I am. But each man has his own gift from God; one has this gift, another has that” (1Co 7:7). Paul is careful to state that this is “a concession, not . . . a command” (verse 6). The ability to stay single and serve God apart from marriage is a gift. Paul and some others had this gift, but not everyone. As we see, the Bible does not explicitly call this “the gift of celibacy,” but it does express that the ability to remain unmarried to serve God more fully is a gift. Most adults desire marriage, and this desire is not sinful. In fact, marriage can keep us from sin: “Since there is so much immorality, each man should have his own wife, and each woman her own husband” (1 Corinthians 7:2). Rather than engage in immorality, believers are to be married. Sex within marriage between one man and one woman or celibate singleness—these are the only two options for Christians. Although the Bible does speak of celibacy as a gift, it is not listed with the spiritual gifts (1 Corinthians 12; Romans 12). Singleness is a gift that God gives everyone, at least temporarily. For some, the gift of singleness is permanent; for others, God takes that gift away and gives the gift of marriage in its place. The Bible encourages those who are celibate in Christian service that they are an important part of God’s family. Related Resources: What does the Bible say about a Christian staying single? What does the Bible say about asexuality? Matthew 19:12 “For there are eunuchs who were born that way from their mother’s womb; and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men; and there are also eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. He who is able to accept this, let him accept it.” KJV Matthew 19:12 For there are some eunuchs, which were so born from their mother's womb: and there are some eunuchs, which were made eunuchs of men: and there be eunuchs, which have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake. He that is able to receive it, let him receive it. BGT Matthew 19:12 εἰσὶν γὰρ εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς ἐγεννήθησαν οὕτως, καὶ εἰσὶν εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνουχίσθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ εἰσὶν εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνούχισαν ἑαυτοὺς διὰ τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. ὁ δυνάμενος χωρεῖν χωρείτω. NET Matthew 19:12 For there are some eunuchs who were that way from birth, and some who were made eunuchs by others, and some who became eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who is able to accept this should accept it." CSB Matthew 19:12 For there are eunuchs who were born that way from their mother's womb, there are eunuchs who were made by men, and there are eunuchs who have made themselves that way because of the kingdom of heaven. Let anyone accept this who can." ESV Matthew 19:12 For there are eunuchs who have been so from birth, and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by men, and there are eunuchs who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Let the one who is able to receive this receive it." NIV Matthew 19:12 For some are eunuchs because they were born that way; others were made that way by men; and others have renounced marriage because of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it." NLT Matthew 19:12 Some are born as eunuchs, some have been made eunuchs by others, and some choose not to marry for the sake of the Kingdom of Heaven. Let anyone accept this who can." NRS Matthew 19:12 For there are eunuchs who have been so from birth, and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by others, and there are eunuchs who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Let anyone accept this who can." NJB Matthew 19:12 There are eunuchs born so from their mother's womb, there are eunuchs made so by human agency and there are eunuchs who have made themselves so for the sake of the kingdom of Heaven. Let anyone accept this who can.' NAB Matthew 19:12 Some are incapable of marriage because they were born so; some, because they were made so by others; some, because they have renounced marriage for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Whoever can accept this ought to accept it." YLT Matthew 19:12 for there are eunuchs who from the mother's womb were so born; and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men; and there are eunuchs who kept themselves eunuchs because of the reign of the heavens: he who is able to receive it -- let him receive.' MIT Matthew 19:12 There are some eunuchs who come forth from their mother's womb celibate. Then there are those who are eunuchs because their gonads have been altered by men. Additionally, there are those who for the sake of the kingdom of heaven have chosen the celibate life. Let him who has the capacity to apply this principle, apply it." GWN Matthew 19:12 For example, some men are celibate because they were born that way. Others are celibate because they were castrated. Still others have decided to be celibate because of the kingdom of heaven. If anyone can do what you've suggested, then he should do it." BBE Matthew 19:12 For there are men who, from birth, were without sex: and there are some who were made so by men: and there are others who have made themselves so for the kingdom of heaven. He who is able to take it, let him take it. which were made: Isa 39:7 56:3,4 which have: 1Co 7:32-38 9:5,15 Related Passages: 1 Corinthians 7:32-35+ But I want you to be free from concern. One who is unmarried is concerned about the things of the Lord, how he may please the Lord; 33 but one who is married is concerned about the things of the world, how he may please his wife, 34 and his interests are divided. The woman who is unmarried, and the virgin, is concerned about the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and spirit; but one who is married is concerned about the things of the world, how she may please her husband. 35 This I say for your own benefit; not to put a restraint upon you, but to promote what is appropriate and to secure undistracted devotion to the Lord. For - Term of explanation. He is explaining those who have the "gift of singleness," and gives 3 groups. There are eunuchs who were born (gennao) that way from their mother’s womb (koilia); and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs (eunouchizo) by men - A eunuch is an emasculated male, a man with no testicles, either by birth or by act of men. In the Orient individuals who were made eunuchs belonged to a special class (e.g., Ethiopian eunuch Acts 8:26-40). And there are also eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs (eunouchizo) for the sake of the kingdom (basileia) of heaven (ouranos) - Jesus is not saying those who made themselves eunuchs subjected themselves voluntarily to castration. There is no command or encouragement in Christianity for physical self-mutilation. Early Christian interpreters (e.g., see Origen) misunderstood Jesus' words and took them literally, but this was rejected by the Church as unnecessary and misguided. Jesus is speaking figuratively referring to those who voluntarily choose a life of celibacy by not marrying and not engaging in sexual relationships in order to devote themselves more fully to the work of the kingdom. (e.g., Paul - 1Co 7:7-8 see commentary). In summary, the ability to remain single is given to congenital eunuchs, men castrated by other men to make their eunuchs or those who chose to remain single to be of more value to God's kingdom.
Mateus 19
Phillips - Peter, Andrew, James, and John gave up a prosperous business. Matthew gave up a lucrative career and all of the ill-gotten gains that he had amassed, we can be sure. They had all given up homes and families. (Exploring the Gospel of Luke) Oswald Chambers was right when he said "Very few of us know the absolute “go” of abandonment to Jesus." (See Chambers on Abandonment) What then will there be for us - This reminds us our modern phrase "What's in it for me?" NET NOTE - Peter wants reassurance that the disciples’ response and sacrifice have been noticed. Followed you in this context is a synonym for discipleship and here is in the perfect tense indicating they began to follow at a point in time in the past and are still following in the state of discipleship. The idea is that the disciples had made an irrevocable decision to leave all they had, and forever, and to follow with the Lord permanently. (HAVE YOU CROSSED THAT BRIDGE DEAR READER?) This reminds me of the Chris Tomlin song "No Turning Back." I will follow you I will follow you No turning back No turning back No turning back No turning back This is my heart cry Though none go with me The cross before me The world behind me This is my anthem My life for your fame My every move bring Glory to your name Matthew 19:28 And Jesus said to them, “Truly I say to you, that you who have followed Me, in the regeneration when the Son of Man will sit on His glorious throne, you also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. KJV Matthew 19:28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. BGT Matthew 19:28 ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ὑμεῖς οἱ ἀκολουθήσαντές μοι ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ, ὅταν καθίσῃ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ, καθήσεσθε καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐπὶ δώδεκα θρόνους κρίνοντες τὰς δώδεκα φυλὰς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ. NET Matthew 19:28 Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth: In the age when all things are renewed, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. CSB Matthew 19:28 Jesus said to them, "I assure you: In the Messianic Age, when the Son of Man sits on His glorious throne, you who have followed Me will also sit on 12 thrones, judging the 12 tribes of Israel. ESV Matthew 19:28 Jesus said to them, "Truly, I say to you, in the new world, when the Son of Man will sit on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. NIV Matthew 19:28 Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth, at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. NLT Matthew 19:28 "Yes," Jesus replied, "and I assure you that when the world is made new and the Son of Man sits upon his glorious throne, you who have been my followers will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. NRS Matthew 19:28 Jesus said to them, "Truly I tell you, at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man is seated on the throne of his glory, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. NJB Matthew 19:28 Jesus said to them, 'In truth I tell you, when everything is made new again and the Son of man is seated on his throne of glory, you yourselves will sit on twelve thrones to judge the twelve tribes of Israel. NAB Matthew 19:28 Jesus said to them, "Amen, I say to you that you who have followed me, in the new age, when the Son of Man is seated on his throne of glory, will yourselves sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. YLT Matthew 19:28 And Jesus said to them, 'Verily I say to you, that ye who did follow me, in the regeneration, when the Son of Man may sit upon a throne of his glory, shall sit -- ye also -- upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel; MIT Matthew 19:28 Jesus replied to them: "You can count on what I say to you, my followers. In the restoration, when the human one will sit on his glorious throne, you also will be seated on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. in the regeneration: Isa 65:17 66:22 Ac 3:21 2Pe 3:13 Rev 21:5 when: Mt 16:27 25:31 2Th 1:7-10 Rev 20:11-15 you also: Mt 20:21 Lu 22:28-30 1Co 6:2,3 2Ti 2:12 Rev 2:26-27 Rev 3:21 Rev 20:4 the twelve: Ex 15:27 24:4 28:21 Lev 24:5 Jos 3:12 1Ki 18:31 Ezr 6:17 Rev 7:4 Rev 12:1 21:12-14 22:2 Related Passages: Matthew 25:31+ “But when the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit on His glorious throne. Luke 22:28-30+ You are those who have stood by Me in My trials; 29 and just as My Father has granted Me a kingdom, I grant you 30 that you may eat and drink at My table in My kingdom, and you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 1 Corinthians 6:2-3+ Or do you not know that the saints will judge the world? (ED: WHEN? THIS CAN ONLY REFER TO THE MILLENNIUM!) If the world is judged by you, are you not competent to constitute the smallest law courts? 3 Do you not know that we will judge angels? How much more matters of this life? 2 Timothy 2:12+ If we endure, we will also reign with Him; If we deny Him, He also will deny us; Revelation 2:26-27+ ‘He who overcomes (ALL GENUINE BELIEVERS ARE OVERCOMERS SO THIS PROMISE IS FOR THEM!), and he who keeps My deeds until the end, TO HIM I WILL GIVE AUTHORITY OVER THE NATIONS (ED: HOW COULD THIS POSSIBLY SPEAK OF THE NEW HEAVENS AND NEW EARTH? IT IS CLEARLY THE MILLENNIUM!); 27 AND HE SHALL RULE THEM WITH A ROD OF IRON, AS THE VESSELS OF THE POTTER ARE BROKEN TO PIECES, as I also have received authority from My Father; Revelation 3:21+ ‘He who overcomes, I will grant to him to sit down with Me on My throne, as I also overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne. Revelation 5:10+ “You have made them to be a kingdom and priests to our God; and they will reign upon the earth.” (WHERE? NOT THE "NEW EARTH" BUT THE "EARTH" IN THE MILLENNIUM!) Revelation 20:4-5+ Then I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their testimony of Jesus and because of the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received the mark on their forehead and on their hand; and they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. 5 The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were completed. This (THE DESCRIPTION IN VERSE 4) is the first resurrection (ALL BELIEVERS TAKE PART IN THE FIRST RESURRECTION AND WILL REIGN, NOT JUST THOSE WHO WERE BEHEADED). JESUS GIVES PREVIEW OF COMING MESSIANIC KINGDOM And Jesus (Iesous) said to them, “Truly (amen) I say to you - Again Truly I say (amen lego) introduces a solemn teaching. That you who have followed (akoloutheo) Me, in the regeneration (paliggenesia) when the Son of Man will sit on His glorious (doxa) throne (thronos), you also shall sit upon twelve thrones (thronos), judging (krino) the twelve tribes of Israel - I believe Jesus is speaking about His coming Messianic Kingdom (aka the Millennium) as discussed more below. One well known writer says the regeneration "refers to the cosmic regeneration in the eschaton." (David Platt) What in the world does that mean? I am always nervous when writers use words/terms never found in Scripture, not even good paraphrases like the NLT (cosmic, eshaton)! I have no clue what Platt means by that vague statement. In Acts 1:6+ the disciples asked Jesus "Lord, is it at this time You are restoring the kingdom to Israel?” This is a reference to the coming Messianic Kingdom. Jesus did not say this restoration would not occur but told them "It is not for you to know times or epochs which the Father has fixed by His own authority." Because of Jesus' promise in Mt 19:28 the disciples knew that one day they would reign with Christ in His kingdom on the earth. That was a settled fact about which they had no doubts. It wasn’t if but when the kingdom would be restored to Israel. The disciples in Acts 1:6 were asking for something that was none of their business. Another passage in Acts which relates to "the regeneration" is Acts 3:19-21+ where Peter is addressing a Jewish audience and says "Therefore repent and return, so that your sins may be wiped away, in order that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord; 20 and that He may send Jesus, the Christ (MESSIAH) appointed for you, 21 Whom heaven must receive until (NOTE THIS TIME PHRASE) the period of restoration of all things about which God spoke by the mouth of His holy prophets from ancient time." The period of restoration is when Christ returns to set up His Messianic Kingdom. Halley's Handbook has an interesting comment regarding timing of the regeneration and the period of restoration - An argument to be made for the validity of an earthly millennial reign of Christ is something Jesus Himself said: "I tell you the truth, at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel" (Matthew 19:28). Also, Peter said, "Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord, and that he may send the Christ, who has been appointed for you—even Jesus. He must remain in heaven until the time comes for God to restore everything as he promised long ago through his holy prophets" (Acts 3:19-21). (ED: HERE IS A CRITICAL POINT TO CONSIDER) Both of these passages refer to renewing something, to bringing it back to its former state. It's unlikely that they refer to heaven—for heaven needs no restoration. It seems more likely that they allude to the restoration of the earth to its former godly state, prior to man's sin, when God reigned and walked the earth with His creation (Genesis 2). It is interesting that the CSB translates in the regeneration as "In the Messianic Age" but in their commentary notes has the Son of Man sits on His glorious throne, reigning over the new heaven and new earth. This seems to confuse the Millennium with the New Heavens and New Earth, so I disagree with their comment. The KJV Study Bible also has a strange note writing "In the regeneration (Gr palinggenesia) refers to the renewed world of the future, the kingdom of righteousness which is yet to come: “the new heavens and the new earth.” While the term is used for individual rebirth in Titus 3:5, here it looks to the future millennial kingdom where the apostles will judge Israel (literally)." Again, I submit that the New Heavens and the New Earth are not synonymous with the Millenium which (if you accept a Millennium) precedes the New Heavens and New Earth. John