Deuteronômio 15
John Trapp · Citado em PreceptAustin
Deuteronômio 15
Trapp - This Sabbatical year signified the year of grace, the kingdom of Christ, wherein all Israelites indeed are discharged of their debts. {Mat 6:12} At the end of every seven years you shall grant a remission (cancellation) of debts - Keep in mind that when one needed to borrow money, there were no banks but only fellow Israelites from which to borrow.This continues the theme of caring for underprivileged (Dt 14:28-29). Notice it does not say "some of your debts" but simply "debts," implying all of their debts are to be remitted. This practice tends to facilitate socio-economic balance. It does not make the poor rich, but does help them to get a new start in their economic life. The word remission is shemittah and is used only 4x (Dt 15:1,2,9, 31:10) which the primary sense of a letting drop and simply means the cancellation of a debt that was owed to another person. In other words, in a normal business setting this was a loan that the person would have been expected to and even be obligated to repay. In Ex. 23:10–11 shemittah s used for the land lying fallow every seven years. There is a type of fishing called "catch and release," which in a sense pictures this practice. The debtor is caught in the net of the creditor, but the creditor has to release him at 7 years! At that time the debtor has absolutely no obligation to pay back what had been loaned to him. The message of this commandment is clearly to serve as a reminder to Israel that they had experienced the grace of God when He released them from their enslavement in Egypt and then He provided a sacrificial system whereby their sins could be atoned for by offering a proper sacrificial animal, all of this of course ultimately pointing to the forgiveness of sins available only in the Messiah and His sacrifice as the Lamb of God (Jn 1:29+). THOUGHT - Do we not see a similar pattern in the New Testament? I think we do. How do others owe us? If they have sinned against us, they in essence owe us a "debt." And yet what did Jesus tell us to pray? "Forgive us our debts, just as we have forgiven our debtors." (Mt 6:12+, Lk 11:4+). Of course the request to forgive us our debts (the fifth petition) does not mean that believers need to ask daily for justification, since believers are justified forever from the moment of initial saving faith (Ro 5:1, 9; Ro 8:1; Ro 10:10). Rather, this is a prayer for the restoration of personal fellowship with our Father when our fellowship has been hindered by our sin. Those who have received such forgiveness are (or should be) so moved with and motivated by gratitude toward God that they also (enabled by the Spirit giving us the desire and power - Php 2:13NLT+) are then able to forgive those who are their (sin) debtors. We see this pattern for forgiveness in Paul's command to " Be (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) kind to one another, tender-hearted, forgiving each other, (HOW?) JUST AS God in Christ also has forgiven you." (Eph 4:32+, cf Lk 7:47+). Christ-followers should (and can, enabled by the Spirit) forgive others their (sin) debts against us, remembering how great was out sin debt to God (unforgiven it would have taken us to eternal death and separation) which He has graciously forgiven us. Utley on end of every seven years - Two things happened: (1) the land was to lie fallow as a symbol of God’s ownership of the land as well as His care for the poor (cf. Exod. 23:10–13; Lev. 25:1–7). In Josephus’ The Antiquities of the Jews, XIII.8.1, we find a reference to the Jews’ habit of letting the land rest and (2) here fellow Israelites were released from debts (cf. v. 2; 31:10). Seven was seen as the perfect number because of the six days of creation and the seventh day of rest in Gen. 1:1–2:3.
Deuteronômio 15
Trapp - Thou shalt not harden thy heart.] But "draw out thy soul to the hungry." {Isa 58:10} Many have iron bowels and withered hands. Paul says we are first to help our brethren in Christ So then, while we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, and especially to those who are of the household of the faith. (Gal 6:10+) For The Poor The man sits on the street corner day after day, begging for money. He’s poor and desperate for a little cash to spend on food. He’s not alone. More than one-half of the world’s people live below the internationally defined poverty line of less than $2.00 a day. Poverty and hunger are such a big problem in our world that it’s easy for us to feel helpless or to become hard-hearted and do nothing. But God doesn’t close His eyes to the plight of the poor. When He gave His people guidelines for living, He included instructions on ways to care for the needy (Deut. 15:11). He told His people, “You shall not harden your heart, nor shut your hand, from your poor brother, [but] open your hand wide to him and willingly lend him sufficient for his need” (Deut. 15:7-8). God also commanded His people not to glean the corners of their fields so that the less fortunate could gather food (Lev. 19:9-10). And Jesus showed His compassion for the poor by His words and actions. The poor and needy everywhere Are objects of God’s love and care, But they will better know His care As we seek ways that love to share. —D. De Haan God gives us all we need so we can give to those in need. Deuteronomy 15:7-11 Open-Handed Help A homeless man spends time in our local library. One afternoon, while I was writing there, I took a lunch break. After I finished the first half of a turkey and Swiss cheese sandwich, an image of the man’s face came to mind. A few minutes later, I offered him the untouched part of my lunch. He accepted. This brief encounter made me realize that with all that God has given me, I needed to do more to help those who are less fortunate. Later, as I thought about this, I read Moses’ instructions on providing for the poor. He told the Israelites: Do not “shut your hand from your poor brother, but … open your hand wide to him” (Deut. 15:7-8). An open hand symbolizes the way God wanted His nation to provide for impoverished people—willingly and freely. No excuses, no holding back (v.9). God had given to them, and He wanted them to give generously enough to supply whatever was “sufficient” for the need (v.8). Grant us, then, the grace for giving With a spirit large and free, That our life and all our living We may consecrate to Thee. —Murray You may give without loving, but you can’t love without giving. Deuteronomy 15:8 but you shall freely open your hand to him, and shall generously lend him sufficient for his need in whatever he lacks. Deuteronomy 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries OPEN HEART OPEN HAND but you shall freely open your hand to him, and shall generously lend him sufficient for his need in whatever he lacks - Instead of tightfisted Israelites were to be openhanded! Note the word is "lend" not give. This dynamic implies that the recipient has some "skin in the game" so to speak. While there are times when one simply and purely gives, here we see the pattern for the poor among the Israelites was to lend. This would imply that in lending to him, he will at least potentially be able to pay back. It is almost like we hear today of someone giving "seed money" to someone to begin a business. Note also that this was not to be a token amount, but sufficient for his need. (cf. James 2:15–26+; 1 John 3:16–17+). Grant - there are spiritual lessons to be learned for today. The generosity of the Lord that we have enjoyed should make us generous to others. This is vital in material matters. Where there are saints in straitened circumstances, those who have been blessed materially should be willing to help. In the contributions made to the work of the local assembly the offerings should reflect the willingness of the saints to give. The principle set out by Paul when dealing with giving, that “He which soweth sparingly shall reap also sparingly; and he which soweth bountifully shall reap also bountifully” (2 Cor 9:6), should be recognised. It is not that those who give should do so with the motive of obtaining more of this world’s currency. The lesson is that those who are liberal in giving can be confident that the Lord will meet their needs, just as they have been used to meet the needs of others. The writer of the Proverbs sets out the same principle when he states that “There is that scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty” (Prov 11:24). But let us not lose sight of the fact that the principle holds good also in spiritual matters. Those who spend time in ensuring that they have spiritual food for the Lord’s people will find that they, also, are abundantly rewarded in spiritual wealth. Deuteronomy 15:9 "Beware that there is no base thought in your heart, saying, 'The seventh year, the year of remission, is near,' and your eye is hostile toward your poor brother, and you give him nothing; then he may cry to the LORD against you, and it will be a sin in you. NET Deuteronomy 15:9 Be careful lest you entertain the wicked thought that the seventh year, the year of cancellation of debts, has almost arrived, and your attitude be wrong toward your impoverished fellow Israelite and you do not lend him anything; he will cry out to the LORD against you and you will be regarded as having sinned. Beware: Pr 4:23 Jer 17:10 Mt 15:19 Mk 7:21-22 Ro 7:8,9 Jas 4:5 eye: De 28:54-56 Pr 23:6 24:9 28:22 Mt 20:15 Jas 5:9 1Pe 4:9 cry: De 24:15 Ex 3:7 22:23 Job 34:28 Ps 9:12 Pr 21:13 Jas 5:4 sin: Mt 25:41-45 Jas 4:17 1Jn 3:15-17 Deuteronomy 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Deuteronomy 24:15 “You shall give him his wages on his day before the sun sets, for he is poor and sets his heart on it; so that he will not cry against you to the LORD and it become sin in you. Jeremiah 17:10 “I, the LORD, search the heart, I test the mind, Even to give to each man according to his ways, According to the results of his deeds. Matthew 15:19 “For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, slanders. Mark 7:21-22+ “For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed the evil thoughts, fornications, thefts, murders, adulteries, 22 deeds of coveting and wickedness, as well as deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride and foolishness. HEART CHECK-UP! Beware (shamar) that there is no base thought in your heart - "Do not allow this mean thought in your heart." (Dt 15:9 NJB) Beware is a command to continually be on guard against this greedy thought entering one's heart. Hebrew is striking here - "word with thine heart of Belial" which is interesting as Belial (beliyyaal = worthless, thoughtless) is a name for the Devil in the NT (2 Cor 6:15). Coincidence? Note that the command to beware (watch, be careful) is a theme in this book - Dt 4:9, 15, 23; 6:12; 8:11; 11:16; 12:13, 19, 28, 30; 15:9; 24:8. THOUGHT - The lesson for all of us is that we continually need to be guarding our hearts against entry of "Belial" thoughts. As Solomon wrote "Guard your heart with all vigilance, for from it are the sources of life." (Proverbs 4:23NET+) Utley on base (hostile) thought - means “bad” or “evil.” A similar idiom is used in Dt 28:54, 56. This same VERB is repeated in Dt 15:10, where it is translated “grieved.” This idiom relates to an attitude which swells up in a person in certain circumstances and/or toward certain persons. Motives are crucial in both the OT and NT. God looks at the heart!
Deuteronômio 15
Trapp - If we can bear reproach for Christ, it is an argument we mean to stick to him, as this bored servant to his master. Deuteronomy 15:17 then you shall take an awl and pierce it through his ear into the door, and he shall be your servant forever. Also you shall do likewise to your maidservant. forever: Lev 25:39-42 1Sa 1:22 See Spurgeon's sermon The Ear Bored with an Awl Deuteronomy 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passage: Exodus 21:5-6+ “But if the slave plainly says, ‘I love my master, my wife and my children; I will not go out as a free man,’ 6 then his master shall bring him to God, then he shall bring him to the door or the doorpost. And his master shall pierce his ear with an awl; and he shall serve him permanently. MARKED FOREVER WITH A SCAR Then you shall take an awl and pierce it through his ear into the door, and he shall be your servant forever (slave's lifetime). Also you shall do likewise to your maidservant - This action would leave a scar on the slave's ear for the rest of his life and all could see the mark that bound him to his master. In many ways the act of piercing the ear and shedding blood is analogous to cutting a covenant, for the cutting of covenant was generally considered to be a solemn, binding and perpetual action. This act reminds me of a passage in Galatians... From now on let no one cause trouble for me, for I bear on my body the brand-marks of Jesus. (Galatians 6:17+) Brand-mark is the Greek word stigmata which in Paul's case alludes to the scars he bore on his body for the sake of taking a stand for Jesus. There were five classes of persons who were branded, i.e. slaves (as a mark of ownership), soldiers (as a mark of allegiance), devotees (as a mark of consecration), criminals (as a mark of exposure), and the abhorred (as a mark of reproach). The “marks” of the Lord Jesus in the body of Paul were all these five in one!