2 Coríntios 10
Kenneth Wuest · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Coríntios 10
Wuest: For, though we are ordering our behavior in the sphere, of human experience, not in accordance with mere human considerations are we waging warfare, (Eerdmans Publishing - used by permission) Young's Literal: for walking in the flesh, not according to the flesh do we war, walk: Ga 2:20 1Pe 4:1,2 we do not war according to the flesh: 2Co 10:4 Ro 8:13 1Ti 1:18 2Ti 2:3,4 4:7 Heb 12:1 2 Corinthians 10 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries CLICK FOR MORE COMMENTS ON THIS VERSE PAUL'S METHOD FOR WALKING AND WARRING In light of the spiritual opposition in Corinth, Paul now begins to describe spiritual warfare, piling up "military (martial) figures—waging war (v. 3b), weapons, warfare, the destruction of strongholds (v. 4), destroying every obstacle (lit. ‘every high thing’, i.e. tower), taking captives (v. 5), and standing at the ready to punish disobedience (i.e. to court-martial) (v. 6)." (Kruse) In these passages we learn that (1) The battle is spiritual, not physical, (2) The battlefield is our mind and our thought life. (3) The battle ultimately is over truth, the truth of God versus "truth" as man interprets and propounds it.
2 Coríntios 10
Wuest: for the weapons of our warfare are not human but mighty in God's sight, resulting in the demolition of fortresses, (Eerdmans Publishing - used by permission) Young's Literal: for the weapons of our warfare are not fleshly, but powerful to God for bringing down of strongholds, the weapons: 2Co 6:7 Ro 6:13 *marg: Ro 13:12 Eph 6:13-18 1Th 5:8 of our warfare are not of the flesh: 1Ti 1:18 2Ti 2:3 but divinely powerful : 2Co 3:5 4:7 13:3,4 Jud 7:13-23 15:14-16 1Sa 17:45-50 Ps 110:2 Isa 41:14-16 Zec 4:6,7 Ac 7:22 1Co 1:18-24 2:5 2Co 13:3 Heb 11:32,33 for the destruction of fortresses: Jos 6:20 Isa 30:25 Jer 1:10 Heb 11:30 2 Corinthians 10 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries CLICK FOR MORE COMMENTS ON THIS VERSE Related Resources: 2 Corinthians 6:6-7+ in purity, in knowledge, in patience, in kindness, in the Holy Spirit, in genuine love, in the word of truth, in the power of God; by the weapons of righteousness for the right hand and the left, Ephesians 6:17+ And take THE HELMET OF SALVATION, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. SPIRITUAL WARFARE DEMANDS SPIRITUAL WEAPONS Plummer's translation - For the weapons of our campaign are not those of feeble human flesh. No, they are full of power, in God’s service and with His blessing, for the demolition of the strongholds which defy His Gospel; (2 Corinthians 10) Warren
2 Coríntios 10
Wuest notes that in classical Greek hoplon "referred to the weapons of the Greek soldier. Paul thinks of the members of the Christian’s body as weapons to be used in the Christian warfare against evil. The saint, counting upon the fact that he has been disengaged from the evil nature, does two things, he refuses to allow it to reign as king in his life, and he stops putting his members at its disposal to be used as weapons of unrighteousness." Warfare (4752)(strateia from strateuomai = make war, serve as a soldier from stratos = an encamped army) a campaign, expedition, hence warfare, military service, a military expedition or campaign. Metaphorically of the apostolic office as connected with hardships, dangers, trials, a warfare. Only 2 times in NT = 2 Cor. 10:4; 1Ti 1:18 Complete Biblical Library - In classical Greek strateia is related to strateuō, “to war, serve as soldier,” and denotes a “campaign, expedition,” especially in a military sense. It only rarely describes the “army” itself (Liddell-Scott, cf. stratia]). A more general definition of “military service” is also widely attested. Furthermore, a metaphoric application of strateia to “life” (either bios or zōē) is known (Moulton-Milligan). Septuagint Usage By the time of the Septuagint there was little difference in usage between strateia and stratia. The Hebrew term chayil (e.g., Exodus 14:4, 9) along with memshālāh (only 2 Chronicles 32:9) and mas̱s̱a‛ (Numbers 10:28) infrequently become strateia in the Septuagint. Ordinarily tsāvā’, “military forces, campaigns, troops,” stands behind strateia. Figuratively, the “starry host” (NIV) of the heavens may speak of the immense number of the stars; however, this is more likely an allusion to the “cosmic forces” (either “good” or “bad”; 1Kings 22:19 [LXX 3 Kings 22:19]) which are not to be worshiped (2 Chronicles 33:3, 5; Jeremiah 7:18 [no Hebrew]; 8:2; 19:13; Zephaniah 1:5). But it is God who has made these powers, and He rules over them (Nehemiah 9:6; Hosea 13:4, Septuagint). (Cf. the cosmic imagery of 4 Maccabees 4:10.) New Testament Usage The connection between strateia and stratia continues into the New Testament (see e.g., 2 Corinthians 10:4). Probably there are two readings of strateia (2 Corinthians 10:4; 1 Timothy 1:18) and two of stratia (Luke 2:13; Acts 7:42). (See the word study on stratia [4607].) Although the terms are formally different, they tend to share the same definition under many circumstances (see Bauerfeind, “strateia,” Kittel, 7:702). Paul’s usage in 2 Corinthians 10:4 is in keeping with the primary definition of “campaign”: “the weapons of our campaign are not earthly” (author’s translation) but the divine power of God. Since the context is not cosmic (cf. Ephesians 6:12), it is unnecessary to read into strateia any cosmic sense. The same holds true for 1 Timothy 1:18. As he elsewhere used military imagery (e.g., 2 Timothy 2:3), Paul was merely reminding Timothy to “wage the good campaign” (not “fight the good fight,” a more athletic-sounding image [NIV]). Divinely (2316) theos in the Biblical context refers to the supreme being described in the OT and amplified in the NT in Jesus, the Son of God. Powerful (mighty, strong) (1415) (dunatos from dunamai = referring to power one has by virtue of inherent ability and resources; see study of dunamis) means powerful, able, strong. Dunatos (an attribute of God Himself, Ro 9:22-note, even a name of God - Lk 1:49) describes the character of the weapons available to all believer's -- our weapons have sufficient and necessary power, means, skill, and resources to accomplish the objective of tearing down strongholds. Destruction (2506) (kathairesis from kathaireo = to take down) means literally a taking down, and so a demolition or destruction results. Obviously Paul uses kathairesis figuratively here to describe the tearing down of knowledge especially that which is anti-God or counter to what is presented by His Word of Truth. Complete Biblical Library - In classical Greek kathairesis denotes the “tearing down” of buildings, walls, and fortresses. In some instances, including some papyri, it is used figuratively to describe the overthrow or destruction of the people (cf. Moulton-Milligan). The Septuagint uses it in Exodus 23:24 to describe the conquering of Canaan by the Jews, “But thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down their images.” The term occurs only three times in the New Testament. All three occurrences are used by Paul in 2 Corinthians. In 2 Corinthians 10:4 Paul prepared for “the pulling down of strong holds” of false teachers. Here, it means a “pulling down” or “tearing apart.” But in 2 Corinthians 10:8 and 13:10 Paul was not wanting to destroy the Corinthians by abusing his authority. In these two references kathairesis denotes “destruction” or “extinction.” (Cf. chapter 10:8, “… which the Lord hath given us for edification, and not for your destruction”; 13:10, “… according to the power which the Lord hath given me to edification, and not to destruction.”) TDNT on the verb kathaireo - This verb, found since Homer, has four main senses in secular Gk.: (1) “to take down from above” (objects, the yoke, the moon; hence the expression “to close the eyes of a dead person”; (2) “to tear down” (buildings, houses, walls (3) “to destroy,” “to vanquish,” “to extirpate,” “to condemn” (opponents, cities, also figur. δόγματα, ὕβριν etc.; (4) “to kill”; d. “to dethrone” Fortresses (3794) (ochuroma akin to ochuroo = to make firm) was used in secular Greek to describe a strong military installation, a bastion, or a fortified place Vine says fortresses speaks "of those things in which mere human confidence is imposed." The use of ochuroma in the Septuagint of Proverbs 21:22 somewhat parallels Paul's use in 2Co 10 - "A wise man scales the city of the mighty, and brings down the stronghold (ochuroma) in which they trust." David Jeremiah - SATAN IS DOOMED 2 CORINTHIANS 10:4 The ultimate victory has been won at Calvary, but it will be implemented in the future. The sentence has been passed, now it needs to be enforced. The enforcement is in the hands of the church. The tool that enforces Satan’s defeat is the tool of prayer. the weapons of our warfare are not carnal but mighty in God for pulling down strongholds, casting down arguments and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, bringing every thought into captivity to the obedience of Christ” (2 Corinthians 10:4–5). One person praying on earth can move angels in heaven. Christians need to learn the power of prayer against Satan, for he will be defeated in his work. We are not engaged in the warfare if we are not praying against Satan. The judgment that was effected at the cross and is enforced through prayer will be completed. Satan is doomed. Satan is on a leash and he is only free on earth to the length of his chain. He cannot go beyond God’s permission. But if we don’t enforce his judgment in our own lives, we will be victims instead of victors. (Sanctuary: Finding Moments of Refuge in the Presence of God) John