Lucas 8
Kenneth Wuest · Citado em PreceptAustin
Lucas 8
Wuest - Someone has said, “Jesus did not say, ‘Let us go down to the sea and be drowned,’ but, ‘Let us pass over to the other side.’ ” (Wuest Word Studies - Eerdman Publishing Company Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3 - used by permission) But as they were sailing along He fell asleep - The detail of sailing in only recorded by Luke. Mark 4:38 has the verb for sleep (katheudo) in the present tense and at the end of the sentence (in Mark) for emphasis. The present participle in Mark 4:38 pictures Jesus as continually asleep, slumbering peacefully. Jesus is fully God to be sure, but He is also fully Man and so He was tired. So Jesus was subject to hunger (Mt. 4:2; 21:18), thirst (Jn 4:7; 19:28), and fatigue (cf. Jn 4:6). Recall also that it was evening. This is quite a picture, for the storm is swirling around Him, the sky is dark and boat is shaking as the waves crash against the sides and the boat begins to take on a dangerous level of water. In all this Jesus remained sound asleep! Cf Jonah falling asleep - Jonah 1:4–5. And a fierce gale of wind descended (katabaino) on the lake - A squall of wind. As God's providence would have it, He sent a storm, a storm not meant to destroy but to increase the faith of the disciples. A small storm might not have had the same effect for as professional fishermen, they had undoubtedly weathered many storms on the sea, but this one was "great" or "fierce," implying it was unlike any they had encountered before. Matthew's description uses seismos emphasizing the shaking of the boat (a "sea quake" so to speak) (Mt 8:24+). Wuest - Vincent quotes a Mr. Macgregor: “On the Sea of Galilee the wind has a singular force and suddenness; and this is no doubt because that sea is so deep in the world that the sun rarefies the air in it enormously, and the wind speeding swiftly above a long and level plateau, gathers much force as it sweeps through flat deserts, until suddenly it meets this huge gap in the way, and it tumbles down here irresistible.”(Wuest Word Studies - Eerdman Publishing Company Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3 - used by permission) Robertson suggests that the storm fell suddenly from Mount Hermon down into the Jordan Valley and hit the Sea of Galilee violently at its depth of 682 feet below the Mediterranean Sea. He explains that the hot air at this depth draws the storm down with sudden power. Luke says (Lk 8:23), “there came down a storm on the lake.” Matthew describes it as a seismos, a violent upheaval like an earthquake (Mt 8:24). These sudden storms continue to this day. THOUGHT - Indeed, God sometimes takes us into storms not to discipline us but to disciple us, not to break us, but to make us better, more like His Son. God knew how "hot" to turn up the "thermostat" to create a viable test of the faith of these men, many of whom were seasoned fishermen. Likewise, God knows the best means to test His children, turning up the thermostat not to destroy us but to increase our faith and our their heart. Are you in a furnace of affliction? Then remember the words of Paul promising that ""No temptation (TEST - peirasmos) has overtaken you but such as is common to man; and God is faithful, Who will not allow you to be tempted (TESTED - peirazo) beyond what you are able, but with the temptation (TEST - peirasmos) will provide the way (NOT "A" WAY BUT "THE" WAY - KEEP YOUR EYES OPEN FOR THIS DIVINE "ESCAPE HATCH") of escape also, so that you will be able to endure it (NOT TOTALLY ESCAPE IT BUT PERSEVERE THROUGH THE TRIAL). (1 Cor 10:13+) Darrell Bock on fierce gale - Such storms are not uncommon on the Sea of Galilee, since the surrounding topography lends itself to sudden weather changes. The sea is some 680 feet below sea level. It is surrounded by hills, the steepest of which lie on its eastern shore. Coming through the hills, cool air reaches a ravine and collides with trapped warm air over the water. As any meteorologist will tell you, this produces volatile conditions. (Jesus' Authority over Nature and Care for Us Luke 8:22-25) A fierce gale of wind - NET Note - The Sea of Galilee is located in a depression some 700 ft (200 m) below sea level and is surrounded by hills. Frequently a rush of wind and the right mix of temperatures can cause a storm to come suddenly on the lake. Storms on the Sea of Galilee were known for their suddenness and violence.
Lucas 8
Wuest says lailaps "never refers to a single gust, nor a steadily blowing wind, however violent, but to a storm breaking forth from black thunder-clouds in furious gusts, with floods of rain, and throwing everything topsy-turvy. According to Aristotle, it is a whirlwind revolving from below upwards. It is used in the LXX of the whirlwind out of which God answered Job." Luke uses a different word in Acts 27:14+ to describe "a violent wind, called Euraquilo" a name meaning literally "north wind-east wind" a treacherous wind in which to sail. "Lailaps is an old word for these cyclonic gusts or storms. Luke's "came down" shows that the storm fell suddenly from Mount Hermon down into the Jordan Valley and smote the Sea of Galilee violently at its depth of 682 feet below the Mediterranean Sea. The hot air at this depth draws the storm down with sudden power. These sudden storms continue to this day on the Sea of Galilee." (Robertson) Lailaps - 3x in the NT. 3x in the Septuagint - Job 21:18; Job 38:1; Jer. 25:32 Mark 4:37 And there *arose a fierce gale of wind, and the waves were breaking over the boat so much that the boat was already filling up. 2 Peter 2:17 These are springs without water and mists driven by a storm, for whom the black darkness has been reserved. Job 38:1 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said, Jeremiah 25:32 Thus says the LORD of hosts, “Behold, evil is going forth From nation to nation, And a great storm is being stirred up From the remotest parts of the earth. (Ed: God was the author of the storm winds of destruction.) Descended (fell upon)(2597)(katabaino from kata = down, against + baino = to go) describes the storm coming down or descending upon the boat. It is worth noting that katabaino is the root of the meteorological term “catabatic wind” which refers to winds created by air flowing downhill (see diagram). Catabatic winds can rush down elevated slopes at hurricane speeds. Examples of true catabatic winds include the bora (or bura) in the Adriatic, the Bohemian Wind or Böhmwind in the Ore Mountains, the Santa Ana in southern California, and the oroshi in Japan. Luke in using this specific verb (not used in the parallel accounts by Matthew or Mark) accurately describes the storm-producing winds that plunge down the surrounding heights (see Mt Hermon) to strike the low-lying Sea of Galilee. So while there is clearly a scientific explanation for the intensity of this storm in Lk 8:23, it is clearly under the sovereign supervision of the Almighty God! Swamped (4845)(sumpleroo from sun = with + pleroo = fill) means to fill completely, become quite full, literally in Lk 8:23 of the boat being swamped. Sumpleroo is used figuratively in the other two uses describing a span of time in God's planning as being fulfilled or coming to an end. There are no uses in the Septuagint. Sumpleroo is found in classical Greek meaning “to completely fill, to complete” (cf. Liddell-Scott). Both Philo and Josephus used it in the sense of “become complete” or “come to an end." Lk 9:51+ When the days were approaching for His ascension, He was determined to go to Jerusalem; Acts 2:1+ When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. Be in danger (2793)(kinduneuo from kindunos = danger from kineo = to move, put in motion) means to be in peril, to face danger or to run a risk (Lk 8:23), to run the risk a risk of something, to be in jeopardy (Acts 19:27). Their lives were at risk! Presumably the same thing is happening to the other boats that are accompanying the boat with the disciples and Jesus. Kinduneo - 4x in 4v - translated danger all 4 times. Four times in the Septuagint - Eccl. 10:9; Isa. 28:13; Dan. 1:10; Jon. 1:4. Luke 8:23 But as they were sailing along He fell asleep; and a fierce gale of wind descended on the lake, and they began to be swamped and to be in danger. Acts 19:27+ “Not only is there danger that this trade of ours fall into disrepute, but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis be regarded as worthless and that she whom all of Asia and the world worship will even be dethroned from her magnificence.” Acts 19:40+ “For indeed we are in danger of being accused of a riot in connection with today’s events, since there is no real cause for it, and in this connection we will be unable to account for this disorderly gathering.” 1 Corinthians 15:30 Why are we also in danger every hour? J C