Mateus 23
Kenneth Wuest · Citado em PreceptAustin
Mateus 23
Wuest says that tapeinoo means "to make low, bring low, to bring into a humble condition, to abase, to assign a lower rank or place to, to humble or abase one’s self, to be ranked below others who are honored or rewarded, to have a modest opinion of one’s self, to behave in an unassuming manner.” The word tapeinos is found in an early secular document where it speaks of the Nile River in its low stage in the words, “It runs low.” The word means “not rising far from the ground.” It describes the Christian who follows in the humble and lowly steps of his Lord. TAPEINOO - 15X/11V - brought low(1), get along(1), humble(2), humble means(1), humbled(4), humbles(4), humbling(1), humiliate(1). Matt. 18:4; Matt. 23:12; Lk. 3:5; Lk. 14:11; Lk. 18:14; 2 Co. 11:7; 2 Co. 12:21; Phil. 2:8; Phil. 4:12; Jas. 4:10; 1 Pet. 5:6 QUESTION - What does it mean that those who humble themselves will be exalted (Matthew 23:12)? GOTQUESTIONS.ORG ANSWER - The Jewish teachers and religious leaders of Jesus’ day—the scribes and Pharisees—exhibited many undesirable traits. Chief among them were pride and hypocrisy. In Matthew 23:1–12, Jesus warns His followers not to imitate their despicable behavior, concluding with these words: “The greatest among you must be a servant. But those who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted” (Matthew 23:11–12, NLT). According to the paradoxical principles of God’s kingdom, the greatest person is the one willing to stoop to the lowest place and serve others (see Matthew 20:24–28). The Pharisees tried to prove their worth by lifting themselves above everyone else. But the Lord’s faithful servants don’t need to exalt themselves. They have nothing to prove. Instead, they humble themselves before God and are filled with His grace, trusting that God exalts the humble (James 4:6, 10). God commands His people to “walk humbly with your God” (Micah 6:8; see also Exodus 10:3; Isaiah 57:15; Zephaniah 2:3; Luke 14:9–11; 1 Peter 3:8) and to “be completely humble” (Ephesians 4:2; see also Colossians 3:12; James 3:13). The Lord declares, “I will bless those who have humble and contrite hearts, who tremble at my word” (Isaiah 66:2, NLT). The Beatitudes echo with reminders that God exalts the humble (see Matthew 5:3–12). Godly leadership is always marked by humility. Peter taught, “Likewise, you who are younger, be subject to the elders. Clothe yourselves, all of you, with humility toward one another, for ‘God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.’ Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God so that at the proper time he may exalt you” (1 Peter 5:5–6, ESV). The Bible consistently characterizes people deserving of high positions as those with an attitude of unassuming servanthood (Proverbs 25:6–7; 2 Samuel 7:8; 1 Kings 14:7; Luke 1:52). One day, the disciples asked Jesus, “Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?” (Matthew 18:1). The Lord answered, “Truly I tell you, unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. Therefore, whoever takes the lowly position of this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 18:3–4; see also Matthew 19:14). Humility is linked with repentance and salvation (see 2 Kings 22:19; 2 Chronicles 7:14; 12:6–7; 12; 30:11; 33:12,19; 34:27). Jesus Christ gave us the supreme example of humble, obedient submission to the Father: “Though he was God, he did not think of equality with God as something to cling to. Instead, he gave up his divine privileges; he took the humble position of a slave and was born as a human being. When he appeared in human form, he humbled himself in obedience to God and died a criminal’s death on a cross. Therefore, God elevated him to the place of highest honor and gave him the name above all other names, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue declare that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Philippians 2:6–11, NLT). God the Son humbled Himself and became a human. He selflessly served others, ultimately sacrificing His life to save us (Matthew 20:26–28). And God exalted Him to the highest place of honor. Just as “pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall” (Proverbs 16:18), “humility comes before honor” (Proverbs 15:33). The proud are brought low, but God exalts the humble. True greatness in the eyes of God is letting ourselves “become less and less” and Him “become “greater and greater” (John 3:30, NLT). It means becoming like Jesus, who stooped down to wash the disciples’ feet (John 13:4–17). God will surely humble us if we try to exalt ourselves as the scribes and Pharisees did. But if we voluntarily humble ourselves by avoiding the limelight and serving others, God will exalt us in His time. Matthew 23:13 “But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, because you shut off the kingdom of heaven from people; for you do not enter in yourselves, nor do you allow those who are entering to go in. KJV Matthew 23:13 But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in. BGT Matthew 23:13 Οὐαὶ δὲ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι ὑποκριταί, ὅτι κλείετε τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων· ὑμεῖς γὰρ οὐκ εἰσέρχεσθε οὐδὲ τοὺς εἰσερχομένους ἀφίετε εἰσελθεῖν. NET Matthew 23:13 "But woe to you, experts in the law and you Pharisees, hypocrites! You keep locking people out of the kingdom of heaven! For you neither enter nor permit those trying to enter to go in. CSB Matthew 23:13 "But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! You lock up the kingdom of heaven from people. For you don't go in, and you don't allow those entering to go in. ESV Matthew 23:13 "But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you shut the kingdom of heaven in people's faces. For you neither enter yourselves nor allow those who would enter to go in. NIV Matthew 23:13 "Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut the kingdom of heaven in men's faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor will you let those enter who are trying to. NLT Matthew 23:13 "What sorrow awaits you teachers of religious law and you Pharisees. Hypocrites! For you shut the door of the Kingdom of Heaven in people's faces. You won't go in yourselves, and you don't let others enter either. YLT Matthew 23:13 'Woe to you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye shut up the reign of the heavens before men, for ye do not go in, nor those going in do ye suffer to enter. MIT Matthew 23:13 How horrible your destiny, scholars and Pharisees—hypocrites all—because you effect a lockout on the kingdom of heaven just as people get to the entrance. For you neither enter yourselves, nor do you permit those about to enter to get inside. NJB Matthew 23:13 'Alas for you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut up the kingdom of Heaven in people's faces, neither going in yourselves nor allowing others to go who want to. NRS Matthew 23:13 "But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you lock people out of the kingdom of heaven. For you do not go in yourselves, and when others are going in, you stop them. woe: Mt 23:14,15,27,29 Isa 9:14,15 33:14 Zec 11:17 Lu 11:43,44 shut: Mt 21:31-32 Lu 11:52 Jn 7:46-52 Jn 9:22,24,34 Ac 4:17,18 5:28,40 Ac 8:1 13:8 1Th 2:15,16 2Ti 3:8 4:15 Related Passages: Matthew 11:19+ “The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, ‘Behold, a gluttonous man and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ Yet wisdom is vindicated by her deeds.” Matthew 12:23-24+ All the crowds were amazed, and were saying, “This man cannot be the Son of David, can he?” 24 But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “This man casts out demons only by Beelzebul the ruler of the demons.” Matthew 21:15+ But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things that He had done, and the children who were shouting in the temple, “Hosanna to the Son of David,” they became indignant John 9:22+ His parents said this because they were afraid of the Jews; for the Jews had already agreed that if anyone confessed Him to be Christ, he was to be put out of the synagogue. JEWISH RELIGIOUS PRETENDERS SHUTTING HEAVEN'S DOOR But - Term of contrast. Now Jesus turns again to address the Pharisees who undoubtedly had heard what He has just said to His disciples about the way to be great in the Kingdom of God. Woe (ouai) to you - Woe is a word expressing extreme displeasure and is a prophetic denunciation, calling for retributive pain on these hypocrites. This word includes Jesus' lament for their spiritual failure while at the same time warning them of coming of divine judgment. In short woe was a reproof and a lament, wrath plus sorrow. This is the first of 8 woes in this chapter (or seven if Mt 23:14 is excluded for it is omitted in many manuscripts). Put yourself for a moment in the sandals of these religious leaders as they heard this verbal barrage of woes! Add to that 7 times they are called hypocrites (6 if we omit Mt 23:14), 5 times blind and once "a son of hell!" The word that comes to mind is castigate which means to reprimand severely, and no human beings have ever been reprimanded as severely as the Scribes and Pharisees in Matthew 23! R C H
Mateus 23
Wuest writes that eleos is "God’s “kindness and goodwill toward the miserable and afflicted, joined with a desire to relieve them” (Vincent). Grace meets man’s need in respect to his guilt and lost condition; mercy, with reference to his suffering as a result of that sin. (Word Studies) Larry Richards - Originally (eleos) expressed only the emotion that was aroused by contact with a person who was suffering. By NT times, however, the concept incorporated compassionate response. A person who felt for and with a sufferer would be moved to help. This concept of mercy--as a concern for the afflicted that prompts giving help--is prominent in both the Gospels and the Epistles. (Richards, L O: Expository Dictionary of Bible Words: Regency) A debtor to mercy alone, Of covenant mercy I sing; Nor fear, with thy righteousness on, My person and offering to bring; The terrors of law and of God With me can have nothing to do; My Saviour's obedience and blood Hide all my transgressions from view. Augustus M. Toplady (Click to play his hymn) Faithfulness (4102) pistis is synonymous with trust or belief and is the conviction of the truth of anything, but in Scripture usually speaks of belief respecting man's relationship to God and divine things, generally with the included idea of trust and holy fervor born of faith and joined with it. "This word denotes confidence in the reliability of a person or thing and can describe one’s trust in a person’s word, a compact or treaty, or a deity (or deities). The term implies both knowledge and action. One may receive knowledge of a certain truth and may even offer verbal agreement, but “trust” or “confidence” is not said to be present until one’s behavior reflects that truth." (Swindoll)