Romanos 7
Kenneth Wuest · Citado em PreceptAustin
Romanos 7:1-3
Wuest: For the woman subject to a husband is permanently bound by law to her husband during his lifetime. But if her husband dies she is released from the law of her husband. Young's Literal: for the married woman to the living husband hath been bound by law, and if the husband may die, she hath been free from the law of the husband; FOR THE MARRIED WOMAN IS BOUND BY LAW TO HER HUSBAND WHILE HE IS LIVING: e gar hupandros gune to zonti (PAPMSD) andri dedetai (3SRPI) nomo: Ge 2:23,24; Nu 30:7,8; 1Cor 7:4,39 Romans 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries For (gar) introduces an explanation. Whenever you encounter a term of explanation, always consider performing the 4P's (pause to ponder and practice the passage) stop, which is facilitated by interrogating the text with the 5W/H'S, asking questions like "What is being explained?". As you perform the 4P's, you will find that you are in essence engaging in the discipline of Biblical Meditation which God promises to richly reward (See Ps 1:2-note, Ps 1:3-note, Joshua 1:8-note). Married (5220) (hupandros from hupo = under + aner = a husband) literally means "under (subject to) a husband" which is God's ordained design to assure proper order. But these husbands are to love their wives enough to die for them (Ep 5:25-note) so this does not make the wife a "doormat"! So if you are telling your wife "Woman you need to submit" then you need to understand submission in the whole context of scripture and not use isolated passages out of context which results in a pretext and an improper application. (See related topic: word study on hupotasso: be subject to or submit to) Woman (1135) (gune) can mean wife or woman. Bound (1210) (deo) means literally to tie objects together tie up. In this context the use is figurative and means to cause someone to be under authority of someone or something else, to restrict, to place under (the jurisdiction of). It means to put under obligation. Deo is in the perfect tense meaning that she “has been bound and remains bound " The perfect tense pictures "permanence" until he dies. They are "tied together" for life until death parts them (Mt 19:5, 6). Deo -43x in 40v - Matt. 12:29; 13:30; 14:3; 16:19; 18:18; 21:2; 22:13; 27:2; Mk. 3:27; 5:3f; 6:17; 11:2, 4; 15:1, 7; Lk. 13:16; 19:30; Jn. 11:44; 18:12, 24; 19:40; Acts 9:2, 14, 21; 12:6; 20:22; 21:11, 13, 33; 22:5, 29; 24:27; Rom. 7:2; 1 Co. 7:27, 39; Col. 4:3; 2 Tim. 2:9; Rev. 9:14; 20:2. The NAS renders deo as bind(7), binding(1), binds(2), bound(23), imprisoned(4), prisoners(m)(1), put in chains(1), tied(4). Living (2198) (zao) (Click word study of noun form zoe) means to be alive physically and refers to existence as opposed to death or nonexistence. Figuratively zao means to enjoy real life or to have true life, as God meant it to be lived, although that is not the primary meaning in this context. BUT IF HER HUSBAND DIES SHE IS RELEASED FROM THE LAW CONCERNING THE HUSBAND: ean de apothane (3SAAS) o aner katergetai (3SRPI) apo tou nomou tou andros: Romans 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries But - In contrast to the state of marriage (which bespeaks of permanence in one's life), death of the wife's husband brings about a new relationship. If = Subjunctive used in 3rd-class condition = this condition is a real possibility. Newell remarks that "Here Paul uses the fundamental law of domestic relationship to illustrate the fact that only death breaks a legal bond. This is the evident, simple meaning in this passage. This husband-and-wife illustration is marvelously chosen. It is of world-wide application—instantly understood everywhere; and it sets forth perfectly what the apostle desired—that is, to describe the dissolution of a relationship by death, thus making possible a new relationship." (Romans 7) Dies (599) (apothnesko from apo = marker of dissociation implying a rupture from a former association, separation, departure, cessation + thnesko = die) literally means to die off and can speak of physical (as here) or literal death. Released (2673) (katargeofrom kata = intensifies meaning + argeo = be idle) means to make the power or force of something ineffective. It means to render powerless. To reduce to inactivity. Do away with. To put out of use. The basic idea of katargeo is to cause something to be idle or useless, inoperative or ineffective and in this verse is translated "released". Katargeo is in the perfect tense which means that the wife has been released and continues in this state of release, thus speaking of the fact that she is permanently released. She is bound to him by marriage as her husband while he lives, and his death frees her from that marriage. This is Paul's main point in this section, which is not a "treatise" on marriage and re-marriage. Death breaks the old relationship and permanently makes possible a new relationship. Katargeo - 27x in 26v in NAS -abolished(4), abolishing(1), bring to an end(1), did away(1), do away(1), done away(4),fades away(1), fading(1), fading away(1), nullified(1), nullify(4), passing away(1), released from(2), removed(1), render powerless(1), severed from(1), use up(1). Lk 13:7; Ro 3:3, 31; 4:14; 6:6; 7:2, 6; 1Co 1:28; 2:6; 6:13; 13:8, 10, 11; 15:24, 26; 2Co 3:7, 11, 13, 14; Ga 3:17; 5:4, 11; Ep 2:15; 2Th 2:8; 2Ti 1:10; He 2:14 From the law concerning the husband - literally “from the law of the man” Romans 7:3 So then, if while her husband is living she is joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from the law, so that she is not an adulteress though she is joined to another man. (NASB: Lockman) Greek: ara oun zontos (PAPMSG) tou andros moichalis chrematisei (3SFAI) ean genetai (3SAMS) andri hetero; ean de apothane (3SAAS) o aner, eleuthera estin (3SPAI) apo tou nomou, tou me einai (PAN) auten moichalida genomenen (AMPFSA) andri hetero Amplified Accordingly, she will be held an adulteress if she unites herself to another man while her husband lives. But if her husband dies, the marriage law no longer is binding on her [she is free from that law]; and if she unites herself to another man, she is not an adulteress. (Amplified Bible - Lockman)
Romanos 7:1-3
Wuest: Or, are you ignorant, brethren, for I am speaking to those who have an experiential knowledge of law, that the law exercises lordship over the individual as long as he lives? Young's Literal: Are ye ignorant, brethren -- for to those knowing law I speak -- that the law hath lordship over the man as long as he liveth? OR DO YOU NOT KNOW, BRETHREN: he agnoeite (2PPAI) adelphoi: Know: Ro 6:3, 11 Brethren: Ro 9:3, 10:1 Romans 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Wayne Barber introduces this section writing ... I believe Paul, in Romans 7, is vividly portraying for us the "frustration of trying to go back and live under law." For years, I did not realize it, but not only was I living as if I was under the law, but I’m sure that I also put others under it through my preaching. I was miserable so much of the time and could not understand why. I was also critical of those who did not live up to my convictions. For example, we were convicted that TV had become an obsession to our whole family and so we gave it up for over a year. I can still remember how proud I felt when I heard others who watched what I wouldn’t watch. How spiritually superior I sometimes felt. You see, living under the law makes you quick to judge anyone but yourself. Living under the law doesn’t necessarily mean that you are under the Law of Moses, the Ten Commandments, but you can be bound by the law of the denomination you belong to, or the law that you impose on yourself. Living under the law doesn’t mean that you are not determined, or self disciplined. It means that you measure your spirituality by these things and if they are not done, then you think you have failed to win the love and favor of God in your life. We must understand the difference of living "under law" and living "under grace." In Romans 7:1-5, if you look carefully, Paul clearly shows us how it was when we had no choice but to be under the law. In verses 1-4 we see that the law ruled over us to control and condemn the works of our flesh when we were in union with Adam. We were not married to the law before our union with Christ. We were in union with Adam, and the LAW had jurisdiction over us as long as we were in this union with Adam. (Romans 7:1-5: Frustration...Under Law ) Regarding the little word "or" William Newell writes that... The King James, by its failure to translate the chapter’s opening word “Or,” ( "Ro 7:1KJV Don't you realize, brothers and sisters") to which God gives the emphatic position in this argument, obscures the whole meaning of the passage and context. Unless we connect Ro 7:1 with Ro 6:14, (as the proper translation “or” does), we cannot properly understand the passage. (Romans 7) Do you not know (50) (agnoeo from a = not + noéo = perceive, understand) not have information about, to not know, to not understand (Mk 9:32, Lk 9:45), to be unaware of, to not recognize (Ac 13:27), to be ignorant of (to lack information concerning something). Agnoeo conveys the nuance of lacking the ability to understand in He 5:2 and of inexcusable moral/ethical ignorance (even disregard) in Ro 10:3). Know (ginosko) which is the converse of agnoeo is a key word in Romans (Ro 1:21-note; Ro 2:18-note; Ro 3:17-note; Ro 6:6-note; Ro 7:1-note, Ro 7:7-note, Ro 7:15-note; Ro 10:19-note; Ro 11:34-note) and "not knowing" is also a key in this great epistle, where Paul uses agnoeo to introduce a spiritual truth his readers should be aware of (Ro 2:4, 6:3, 7:1, 10:3, 11:25, cp 1Co 10:1, 12:1, 2Co 2:11, 1Th 4:13-note). Someone has quipped that when Paul begins a sentence with "do you not know" (or "are ye ignorant") concerning the saints, it often turns out that they are ignorant! Agnoeo: 22x/21 verses in NAS rendered: have no knowledge(1), ignorance(1), ignorant(2), ignorantly(1), not know(2), not knowing(2), not recognize(1), not recognized(1), not understand(2), recognizing not(1), unaware(4), uninformed(2),unknown(2). Mark 9:32 But they did not understand this statement, and they were afraid to ask Him. Luke 9:45 But they did not understand this statement, and it was concealed from them so that they might not perceive it; and they were afraid to ask Him about this statement. Acts 13:27 "For those who live in Jerusalem, and their rulers, recognizing neither Him nor the utterances of the prophets which are read every Sabbath, fulfilled these by condemning Him. Acts 17:23 "For while I was passing through and examining the objects of your worship, I also found an altar with this inscription, 'TO AN UNKNOWN (agnostos) GOD.' What therefore you worship in ignorance (not knowing Ac 17:23YTL, this I proclaim to you. Romans 1:13-note And I do not want you to be unaware, brethren, that often I have planned to come to you (and have been prevented thus far) in order that I might obtain some fruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles. Romans 2:4-note Or do you think lightly of the riches of His kindness and forbearance and patience, not knowing that the kindness of God leads you to repentance? Romans 6:3-note Or do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death? Romans 7:1-note Or do you not know, brethren (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law has jurisdiction over a person as long as he lives? Romans 10:3-note For not knowing about God's righteousness, and seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God. Romans 11:25-note For I do not want you, brethren, to be uninformed of this mystery, lest you be wise in your own estimation, that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the fulness of the Gentiles has come in; 1Corinthians 10:1 For I do not want you to be unaware, brethren, that our fathers were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; 1Corinthians 12:1 Now concerning spiritual gifts, brethren, I do not want you to be unaware. 1Corinthians 14:38 But if anyone does not recognize this, he is not recognized. 2Corinthians 1:8 For we do not want you to be unaware, brethren, of our affliction which came to us in Asia, that we were burdened excessively, beyond our strength, so that we despaired even of life; 2Corinthians 2:11 in order that no advantage be taken of us by Satan; for we are not ignorant of his schemes. 2 Corinthians 6:9 as unknown yet well-known, as dying yet behold, we live; as punished yet not put to death, Galatians 1:22 And I was still unknown by sight to the churches of Judea which were in Christ; 1Thessalonians 4:13-note But we do not want you to be uninformed, brethren, about those who are asleep, that you may not grieve, as do the rest who have no hope. 1Timothy 1:13 even though I was formerly a blasphemer and a persecutor and a violent aggressor. And yet I was shown mercy, because I acted ignorantly in unbelief; Hebrews 5:2-note he can deal gently with the ignorant and misguided, since he himself also is beset with weakness; 2 Peter 2:12-note But these, like unreasoning animals, born as creatures of instinct to be captured and killed, reviling where they have no knowledge, will in the destruction of those creatures also be destroyed, Agnoeo is used 21x in the non-apocryphal Septuagint (LXX) - Gen. 20:4; Lev. 4:13; 5:18; Num. 12:11; 1 Sam. 14:24; 26:21; 2Chr. 16:9; Dan. 9:15; Hos. 4:15 William Newell observes in Romans 7 "we have a chapter of two sections, (1) Ro 7:1-6 and (2) Ro 7:7-25: both of which we are prone to misunderstand and misapply, unless we exercise much prayerful care...The King James, by its failure to translate the chapter's opening word "Or, " to which God gives the emphatic position in this argument, obscures the whole meaning of the passage and context. Unless we connect Romans 7.1 with Romans 6.14, (as the proper translation "or" does), we cannot properly understand the passage." (Romans 7) FOR I AM SPEAKING TO THOSE WHO KNOW THE LAW: ginoskousin (PAPMPD) gar nomon lalo (1SPAI): Those who know the law: Ro 2:17,18; Ezra 7:25; Pr 6:23; 1Cor 9:8; Gal 4:21 Ro 7:6; 6:14 Romans 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries For (gar) introduces an explanation. Whenever you encounter a term of explanation, always consider performing the 4P's (pause to ponder and practice the passage) stop, which is facilitated by interrogating the text with the 5W/H'S, asking questions like "What is being explained?". As you perform the 4P's, you will find that you are in essence engaging in the discipline of Biblical Meditation which God promises to richly reward (See Ps 1:2-note, Ps 1:3-note, Joshua 1:8-note). Know (1097)(ginosko) has the basic meaning of taking in knowledge in regard to something or someone, knowledge that goes beyond the merely factual. By extension, the term frequently was used of a special relationship between the person who knows and the object of the knowledge. It was often used of the intimate relationship between husband and wife and between God and His people. Law (3551) (nomos, torah in Hebrew) is related etymologically to something parceled out, allotted, what one has in use and possession; hence, usage, custom. Generally, "the Law" refers to the Pentateuch, the first five books of the OT. More generally however, the law can mean a wide variety of things – a commandment, a principle, an instruction, etc. The meaning of the law, therefore, is best determined by examining its use in context. Paul speaks to those who have a knowledge of a general principle of ALL law (definite article "the" is not present in the Greek. In other words there is no "the" preceding "nomos" in the Greek sentence, indicating that Paul is not just referring to "The Law" of Moses although it certainly would include that). It is quite possible that Paul is not interested so much in identifying the law he has in mind as in pointing to its character as law, that which has binding force which is the fundamental character of any law or regulation.
Romanos 7:1-3
Wuest: So then, while her husband is living, an adulteress she will be called if she is married to another man. But if her husband is dead, she is free from the law, so that she is not an adulteress, though being married to another man. Young's Literal: so, then, the husband being alive, an adulteress she shall be called if she may become another man's; and if the husband may die, she is free from the law, so as not to be an adulteress, having become another man's. SO THEN IF, WHILE HER HUSBAND IS LIVING: ara oun zontos (PAPMSG) tou andros: Ex 20:14; Lev 20:10; Nu 5:13-31; Dt 22:22, 23, 24; Mt 5:32; Mk 10:6-12; John 8:3, 4, 5 Romans 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries So then (ara oun) introduces an inference drawn from that which precedes and means so, therefore, then, now, consequently. Ara marks transition to what naturally follows from the preceding. Alive (2198) (verb zao; noun form = zoe) means to be alive physically and refers to existence as opposed to death or nonexistence. Figuratively zao means to enjoy real life or to have true life, as God meant it to be lived, although that is not the primary meaning in this context. SHE IS JOINED TO ANOTHER MAN, SHE SHALL BE CALLED AN ADULTERESS: moichalis chrematisei (3SFAI) ean genetai (3SAMS) andri hetero: Romans 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Joined (1096) (ginomai) means to cause to become or to come into existence and in this verse is more literally "having become another man's". Adulteress (3428) (moichalis related to moichos = "married and impure", literally adulterer, "unlawful" lover, 1Co 6:9, He 13:4, Lk 18:11; Lxx = Job 24:15, Pr 6:32) pertains to being unfaithful to one to whom one should remain faithful and here is used literally of a wife who does not remain faithful to her husband. Figuratively moichalis is used to describe one who is unfaithful (in Lxx of His "wife" Israel [cp this idea in the OT [but these passages do not use moichalis] Je 2:2, Je 3:14, Je 3:14KJV, Je 3:14NIV, Je 31:32, Isa 54:5, Hos 2:16YLT] Ezek 16:38, 23:45) toward God even as an adulteress is unfaithful toward her husband (Mt 12:39, 16:4, Mk 8:38 - observe how Jesus links adulterous with evil and sinful and the serious consequences for this state of unfaithfulness!) (See Israel The Wife of Jehovah) Moichalis occurs in 6v in the NAS... Matthew 12:39 But He answered and said to them, "An evil and adulterous generation craves for a sign; and yet no sign shall be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet; (Mt 12:40) for just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the sea monster, so shall the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.