Êxodo 30

Êxodo 30

Morris - This special offering, "after the shekel of the sanctuary" (Exodus 30:13), which was offered in order "to make an atonement for your souls," typifies the principle that all must come under God's covenant in exactly the same way. David Thompson - Each person is to pay the same exact amount. There is no partiality with God. All are equal and all need redemption. It does not matter if one is rich or poor, successful or not successful; all need to be redeemed by the ransom price. Exodus 30:16 "You shall take the atonement money from the sons of Israel and shall give it for the service of the tent of meeting, that it may be a memorial for the sons of Israel before the LORD, to make atonement for yourselves." Hamilton - And you shall take the atonement money from Israel’s sons, and assign it for the (construction) work on the tent of meeting, and it shall be for Israel’s sons a remembrance before the LORD, to atone for yourselves/to serve as ransom for your lives.” NET Exodus 30:16 You are to receive the atonement money from the Israelites and give it for the service of the tent of meeting. It will be a memorial for the Israelites before the LORD, to make atonement for your lives." NLT Exodus 30:16 Receive this ransom money from the Israelites, and use it for the care of the Tabernacle. It will bring the Israelites to the LORD's attention, and it will purify your lives." ESV Exodus 30:16 You shall take the atonement money from the people of Israel and shall give it for the service of the tent of meeting, that it may bring the people of Israel to remembrance before the LORD, so as to make atonement for your lives." NIV Exodus 30:16 Receive the atonement money from the Israelites and use it for the service of the Tent of Meeting. It will be a memorial for the Israelites before the LORD, making atonement for your lives." KJV Exodus 30:16 And thou shalt take the atonement money of the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; that it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel before the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls. LXE Exodus 30:16 And thou shalt take the money of the offering from the children of Israel, and shalt give it for the service of the tabernacle of testimony; and it shall be to the children of Israel a memorial before the Lord, to make atonement for your souls. ASV Exodus 30:16 And thou shalt take the atonement money from the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tent of meeting; that it may be a memorial for the children of Israel before Jehovah, to make atonement for your souls. CSB Exodus 30:16 Take the atonement money from the Israelites and use it for the service of the tent of meeting. It will serve as a reminder for the Israelites before the LORD to atone for your lives." NKJ Exodus 30:16 "And you shall take the atonement money of the children of Israel, and shall appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of meeting, that it may be a memorial for the children of Israel before the LORD, to make atonement for yourselves." NRS Exodus 30:16 You shall take the atonement money from the Israelites and shall designate it for the service of the tent of meeting; before the LORD it will be a reminder to the Israelites of the ransom given for your lives. YLT Exodus 30:16 'And thou hast taken the atonement-money from the sons of Israel, and hast given it for the service of the tent of meeting; and it hath been to the sons of Israel for a memorial before Jehovah, to make atonement for your souls.' shall give it for the service: Ex 38:25-31 Ne 10:32,33 a memorial: Ex 12:14 Nu 16:40 Lu 22:19 Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries THE ATONEMENT MONEY You shall take the atonement money from the sons of Israel and shall give it for the service of the tent of meeting - Money is silver. The money is to take care of the tabernacle. "The book of Exodus is already connecting ransom with atonement." (Hamilton) For tent of meeting see Ex 27:21+. Atonement (03725)(kippur/kippurim) is a masculine plural noun which refers to an act of reconciliation and is used to describe the Day of Atonement. Swanson adds that kippurim refers to "an act. of ceremonially accounting for wrong done in a covenantal relationship, which causes forgiveness, pardon, and right relationship, which may have a possible implication of appeasement or anger (Ex 29:36; 30:10, 16; Nu 5:8; 29:11)" and then adds that "the plural (kippurim) is a marker of a superlative." Baker adds "Kippurim is used five times to indicate the act or process of reconciliation: a young bull was sacrificed each day for seven days during the ordination ceremony of Aaron and his sons to make atonement (Ex. 29:36). Once a year, the blood of a sin offering was used to make atonement on the horns of the altar of incense located in front of the Holy of Holies (Ex. 30:10). Ransom money of a half-shekel was used to effect atonement or reconciliation for male Israelites who were at least twenty years old (Ex. 30:16). The money was then used to service the Tent of Meeting. When a person had wronged the Lord or another person, a ram was presented to the priest, along with proper restitution (Num. 5:8); a sin offering for atonement was presented yearly on the Day of Atonement (Num. 29:11). Three times the noun is used to indicate the Day of Atonement itself (Lev. 23:27, 28; 25:9)." that it may be a memorial for the sons of Israel before the LORD - The purpose was “to keep Jehovah in continual remembrance of the ransom which had been paid for their lives” (S R Driver) Stuart comments that "The money given thus functioned as “a memorial for the Israelites before the LORD,” a visible token or indicator of the fact that Yahweh knew that the volunteers belonged to him and thus were holy." Memorial (reminder, remembrance) (02146)(zikkaron from zakar = to remember) means a memorial, a remembrance (with an implication of honor, worship, and celebration), a record, a reminder. That by which the memory of a person or thing is preserved. Something that keeps remembrance vivid. A memorial is a monument, statue, holiday, or ritual that serves as a remembrance or reminder of a person or an event. Seven of 22 uses are in Exodus - Exod. 12:14; Exod. 13:9; Exod. 17:14; Exod. 28:12; Exod. 28:29; Exod. 30:16; Exod. 39:7 This suggests it was something that they could see. In Exodus 27:10, 11, 12, 14 we see there were hooks of the pillars and bands that were silver. So on all 4 sides of the court of the Tabernacle one could see these silver bands and hooks. David Thompson - This is atonement money that is to be used for the service at the tent of meeting. Victor Hamilton, who has written a good commentary on the book of Exodus, says, “It is one thing to pay for the erection of a new building. It is another thing to have funds for its upkeep and maintenance over the long haul” (Exodus, p. 510). Contributions came in for the building of the Tabernacle, but contributions were also needed for the maintenance of the facility. This particular offering was to be used for the upkeep and general expenses related to proper worship. Even though this offering would remind all of the ransom necessary for a relationship with God, it also had a very specific purpose. George Bush - That it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel before the Lord. That is, a memorial at once of them and for them; a memorial testifying to their obedience, and reminding them of what they owed to their heavenly Benefactor. We read of different memorials in the sacred Scriptures. The censers in which Koran and his company offered incense were taken out of the fire in which the offerers perished, end made into plates to be a covering of the altar; ‘to be a memorial that none but the seed of Aaron come near to offer incense before the Lord.’ The jewels and bracelets of which the Israelites spoiled the slaughtered Midianites were presented to the Lord ‘as a memorial unto the children of Israel,’ that not one of their army fell, though the whole Midianitish kingdom was utterly destroyed. So the half shekels at the numbering of the people would serve as a remembrancer of all the interesting facts connected with the occasion of their past deliverance, of the fulfilment of the divine promises, and of their future preservation and blessedness under the favor of heaven. THOUGHT - AND I WOULD ADD TO BUSH'S COMMENT THAT THESE "MEMORIALS" WOULD BE VISIBLE TO EVERY PERSON FOR THE NEXT 40 YEARS IN THE WILDERNESS! WHY? BECAUSE SOME OF THE SILVER WAS USED TO MAKE HOOKS TO HANG THE CURTAINS AROUND THE COURTYARD (Exodus 27:17+) AND EVERY TIME THEY SAW THIS SILVER GLITTERING IN THE DESERT SUN, THEY WOULD (OR THEORETICALLY COULD/SHOULD) RECALL THAT THIS SILVER WAS THE RANSOM PAYMENT THAT MADE ATONEMENT FOR THEIR LIFE. THIS WOULD BE A SHADOW OF THE NECESSITY OF EVERY PERSON'S NEED FOR A RANSOM PAYMENT TO MAKE ATONEMENT FOR THEIR LIFE ETERNALLY! Peter alludes to "silver" in 1 Peter 1:18-19+ writing "knowing that you were not redeemed (RANSOM PAYMENT) with perishable things like silver or gold from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers, 19 but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ (WHICH WROUGHT ABOUT ATONEMENT OR PROPITIATION - Ro 3:25, 1 Jn 2:2!). Memorial (reminder, remembrance) (02146) zikkaron To make atonement for yourselves - So they would not incur a plague. Make atonement (forgive, appease (03722)(kapar/kaphar) means to make atonement, to make reconciliation (to reconcile), to purge, to make propitiation (to propitiate), to pacify, to cancel. There are two main ideas regarding the meaning of kapar - (1) Kapar means to cover over sin (2) A number of resources however favor the idea that kapar means to wipe away. Richards notes that "It is often said that the idea expressed (in kapar) is one found in a possibly related Arabic root that means “to cover or conceal.” Atonement would then denote a covering that conceals a person’s sin and makes it possible for him to approach God. Although this relationship is possible, the language link is not at all certain. What is certain is the role that atonement played in the religion of Israel—a role given to atonement by God to carry a vital message about our faith." As might be surmised the verb kapar is found most often in the Pentateuch, especially in Leviticus. In Leviticus, kapar is especially prominent in Leviticus 16, occurring 16 times in the great chapter that describes the annual Day of Atonement. Vine writes that "Most uses of kapar involve the theological meaning of “covering over,” often with the blood of a sacrifice, in order to atone for some sin. It is not clear whether this means that the “covering over” hides the sin from God’s sight or implies that the sin is wiped away in this process." Kapar/kaphar in Exodus - Ex. 29:33; Ex. 29:36; Ex. 29:37; Ex. 30:10; Ex. 30:15; Ex. 30:16; Exod. 32:30; Exodus 30:17 The LORD spoke to Moses, saying, Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries The LORD spoke to Moses, saying - Yahweh spoke either LORD spoke or LORD said in Ex 30:11, 17, 22, 34, Ex 31:1, 12 David Thompson - Those priests who minister need to first wash their hands and feet or they will die. Ex 30:17-21 It is very evident from this next mandate that in order for proper worship to take place, the priests must be clean and not dirty. God mandated that they be washed and cleansed. Exodus 30:18 "You shall also make a laver of bronze, with its base of bronze, for washing; and you shall put it between the tent of meeting and the altar, and you shall put water in it. a laver: Ex 31:9 38:8 Lev 8:11 1Ki 7:23,38 2Ch 4:2,6,14,15 Zec 13:1 Tit 3:5 *Gr: 1Jn 1:7 put it: Ex 40:7,30-32 Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Laver of Bronze Before Entrance to the Holy Place WASHING HANDS IS GOOD PRACTICE You shall also make a laver of bronze, with its base of bronze, for washing; and you shall put it between the tent of meeting and the altar, and you shall put water in it. - The laver was made by melting bronze mirrors contributed by the Israelite women (Ex 38:8+). "Moreover, he made the laver of bronze with its base of bronze, from the mirrors of the serving women who served at the doorway of the tent of meeting." Highly polished glass gave a reflection of one's face (cf 1 Cor 13:12). The basin itself is not described otherwise except for its composition (bronze), its general shape (a basin), and the fact that it must be placed upon a stand, also to be made of bronze. The main point of this section is the priest was to ritually wash every time they entered the Tent and this was a perpetual ordinance. THOUGHT - We are believer-priests and it would seem to apply to us that every time we enter the "Tent" even into the Holy of Holies, so to speak, we should first make sure our "hands and feet" (I would add our heart and mind) are "washed," cleansed of all impurities (sins). How? By confessing our sins as prescribed by Scripture... 1 John 1:9+ If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. Proverbs 28:13+ He who conceals his transgressions will not prosper, But he who confesses and forsakes them will find compassion. With the bronze laver God was teaching His people the importance of purity in His presence. "Accordingly, the hands that touched the sacrifices or the feet that walked into the tabernacle had to be washed to remove dirt and to make the priest of Yahweh symbolically pure before him so as to be able to serve worthily in his house. The importance of this rule for all priests is underscored both by repetition and by the addition of the death penalty for violation. Any priest bringing a sacrifice to the altar or entering the holy place for any reason, however, would have had to wash each time—not just at the beginning of a day’s service but throughout the day, each separate time he ministered at the altar or within the Tent. " (Stuart) It has always been the “pure in heart” who can enter into the presence of God's perfect holiness Psalm 73:1 A Psalm of Asaph. Surely God is good to Israel, To those who are pure in heart! Matthew 5:8+ “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. 1 Timothy 1:5 But the goal of our instruction is love from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith. 2 Timothy 2:22+ Now flee from youthful lusts and pursue righteousness, faith, love and peace, with those who call on the Lord from a pure heart. David Thompson - A bronze wash basin was to be made for washing. When Solomon constructed the Temple, he was so focused on the cleanliness of worship that he made 10 of these bronze basins (I Ki 7:38). A bronze basin filled with water was to be put between the tent of meeting and the altar. In other words, after the altar but before the entrance into the tent there was to be this bronze altar filled with water. Now we may observe from this that being washed clean is different than being cleansed by the blood. At the altar the blood was shed and beyond that altar was this act of cleansing. It is one thing to be saved; it is another thing to come to worship God as a saved person and be clean Criswell - The "laver of bronze" was located in the court of the tabernacle and was to be supplied with water at all times. In the temple constructed centuries later by Solomon, the "laver" was replaced by the "Sea of cast bronze" (1 Ki 7:23). THOUGHT- The washing typifies daily cleansing of confession for all believer-priests who seek to be used in the service of the LORD. John writes "If (CONDITIONAL CLAUSE) we confess (present tense = continually, implies that we continually have sins that need to be confessed!) our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness." (1Jn 1:9+). The condition is confession. The promise is cleansing. Why do we (I) so often fail to exercise this great privilege? Bush - Thou shalt make a laver of brass, &c. Heb. כיור kiyor, rendered ‘caldron.’ 1 Sam 2:14, but usually spoken of a large basin or other vessel for washing. In respect to none of the sacred articles is the information of the text more brief than in respect to this, as nothing is said of its form or dimensions. It is reasonable, however, to infer, that as Solomon modelled the furniture of the Temple after that of the Tabernacle, only on a vastly larger scale, and as his Laver was an immense vat or reservoir, called ‘a sea,’ and of a circular form, so the form of the Tabernacle-laver was also circular. De Exodus 30:19 "Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet from it; Ex 40:31,32 Ps 26:6 Isa 52:11 Joh 13:8-10 1Co 6:9-11 Tit 3:5 Heb 9:10 10:22 Rev 1:5,6 Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries A PRIEST MUST BE CLEAN Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet from it - This is fulfilled in Ex 40:31,32. There are no specific instructions about how the washing was to be done (were they to put their hands and feet in the water, were they to ladle the water onto their hands and feet, etc). How were they to dry? The text does not say. Recall that the in the consecration ceremony, the entire body of the priest was washed (Exodus 29:4+), but now (and hereafter in their service to Jehovah) they are to wash only their hands and their feet (note they did not wear sandals into the presence of Jehovah as alluded to in the burning bush episode - Ex 3:5). Surely the words of Jesus in John 13 are an allusion to this OT ritual... Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into His hands, and that He had come forth from God and was going back to God, 4 *got up from supper, and *laid aside His garments; and taking a towel, He girded Himself. 5 Then He *poured water into the basin, and began to wash the disciples’ feet and to wipe them with the towel with which He was girded. 6 So He *came to Simon Peter. He said to Him, “Lord, do You wash my feet?” 7 Jesus answered and said to him, “What I do you do not realize now, but you will understand hereafter.” 8 Peter *said to Him, “Never shall You wash my feet!” Jesus answered him, “If I do not wash you, you have no part with Me.” 9 Simon Peter said to Him, “Lord, then wash not only my feet, but also my hands and my head.” 10 Jesus *said to him, “He who has bathed needs only to wash his feet, but is completely clean; and you are clean, but not all of you.” (John 13:3-10 ) David Thompson - The priests needed to wash their hands and feet before they entered into the tent or else they would die. Ex 30:19-21 God will not accept any attempt to worship Him if a priest is dirty. A priest needs to be clean. The value of this wash basin is that it says God wants His ministers pure and not dirty. If anyone tries to minister for God who is not washed from the dirt and filth of this world, God will not accept it and the person is in jeopardy of being judged by God. In fact, one who tries to minister for God without being clean is in danger of the death penalty. Many years ago in another church, I witnessed in a service a woman who came up to sing special music. She started singing and then had to start over. In the middle of the song she stopped and had lost her place. She was struggling to hit the right notes in harmony with the piano. It was a disaster. When she got done, she was so emotionally upset she was weeping. Her ministry in the church was dead. We would later learn that this woman was involved in sin. She had tried to stand up in a church of God, not having dealt with the sin and God would not let her minister effectively because she was not clean. The application to us is obvious. If we want a vibrant relationship with God, we must be clean. What this means is that there needs to have been a confession that is made to God to be clean. (1Jn 1:9+) Exodus 30:20 when they enter the tent of meeting, they shall wash with water, so that they will not die; or when they approach the altar to minister, by offering up in smoke a fire sacrifice to the LORD. die: Ex 12:15 Lev 10:1-3 16:1,2 1Sa 6:19 1Ch 13:10 Ps 89:7 Ac 5:5,10 Heb 12:28,29 Exodus 30 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries WASHING HANDS PREVENTS DEATH When they enter the tent of meeting, they shall wash with water, so that they will not die - How interesting that as I write these notes we are in the midst of the Coronavirus global pandemic and one of the repeated rules is wash your hands to prevent infection, an infection by which you may die! Notice that it begins with "when" implying that this is not an option, but is "when they enter," and every time them enter the Tent. Or when they approach the altar to minister, by offering up in smoke a fire sacrifice to the LORD - NET = "Also, when they approach the altar to minister by burning incense as an offering made by fire to the LORD." So this refers to approaching the altar of incense. Washing hands enables a priest to offer sweet incense on the altar! THOUGHT - This again emphasizes for us in the NT the necessity to approach "offering incense" (prayers) only after we have "washed," and been cleansed from defiling sins. The psalmist adds "If I regard wickedness in my heart, The Lord will not hear." (Ps 66:18) So while believer-priests today won't die, if we don't "wash" (confess), in effect our prayers will "die" and not come into the Holy of holies and the hearing of the LORD God. Comment on Ps 66:18 specifically the word "regard" - "Regard" means here "to look with favor upon", even to "plan". One picture is that of a heart which is making "provision" for sin (Ro 13:14b+). Another aspect is that of compromising with sin rather than having a holy aversion to it. The sanctified believer must have the same attitude toward sin which God has. A clear conscience, devoid of a desire for sin, is necessary for effectual prayer (see esp 1Jn 3:20,21+). Avoid nullifying your prayers by planning, harboring, or entertaining sin or wickedness in your heart. There are a number of reasons why our prayers may seem to go unanswered and the presence of unconfessed and unforsaken sin is often the cause. This possibility must always be considered with all honesty before seeking another reason. Spurgeon's comment on Psalm 66:18 - If, having seen it to be there, I continue to gaze upon it without aversion; if I cherish it, have a side glance of love toward it, excuse it, and palliate it. The Lord will not hear me. How can he? Can I desire him to connive at my sin, and accept me while I wilfully cling to any evil way? Nothing hinders prayer like iniquity harboured in the breast; as with Cain, so with us, sin lieth at the door, and blocks the passage. If thou listen to the devil, God will not listen to thee. If you refuse to hear God's commands, he will surely refuse to hear thy prayers. An imperfect petition God will hear for Christ's sake, but not one which is wilfully miswritten by a traitor's hand. For God to accept our devotions, while we are delighting in sin, would be to make himself the God of hypocrites, which is a fitter name for Satan than for the Holy One of Israel. John Bunyan: "Prayer will make a man cease from sin, or sin will entice a man to cease from prayer." Matthew