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Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
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Morris - When the tabernacle was first built in the wilderness, and the ark installed therein, the ark also contained "the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded" (Hebrews 9:4+), but these had at some unknown time been removed, possibly because of their ephemeral testimony which was no longer needed (ED: The pot of manna and Aaron's rod that budded Ex 16:33+; Nu 17:10+ were kept as reminders of both God's authority and His faithfulness). The two tablets with God's law--the very essence of His covenant with Israel--were retained permanently, even during the time when the ark was away from the tabernacle and in the hands of the Philistines. It was originally called "the ark of the testimony" (Exodus 25:22+) but, at least by the time of Joshua, came to be known only as the ark of the covenant. Evidently when Judah was taken into exile in Babylon, the ark was carried into heaven, where it remains today (Revelation 11:19+). (Defender's Study Bible) Guzik on when they came out of the land of Egypt - The reminder of the deliverance from Egypt is significant, because there was a sense in which this – some 500 years after the Exodus – was the culmination of the deliverance from Egypt. Out of Egypt and into the wilderness Israel (out of necessity) lived in tents – and the dwelling of God was a tent. Now since Solomon built the temple, the structure representing the dwelling of God among Israel was a building, a place of permanence and security. WATCH VIDEO QUESTION - What was inside the ark of the covenant? ANSWER - Interestingly, the most complete inventory of the contents of the ark of the covenant is found in the New Testament: Hebrews 9:4 says that the Most Holy Place had “the gold-covered ark of the covenant. This ark contained the gold jar of manna, Aaron’s staff that had budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant.” The stone tablets were those on which God had written the Ten Commandments. At various times in Israel’s history, it seems that various items were in the ark of the covenant. When God first gave Moses the instructions on building the ark, He said, “Put in the ark the tablets of the covenant law, which I will give you” (Exodus 25:16). Sometime during the wilderness wanderings, God commanded that a container of manna be added to the ark’s cargo: “Moses said to Aaron, ‘Take a jar and put an omer of manna in it. Then place it before the Lord to be kept for the generations to come.’ As the Lord commanded Moses, Aaron put the manna with the tablets of the covenant law, so that it might be preserved” (Exodus 16:33–34). After the rebellion of Korah, God commanded the leader of each tribe of Israel to bring a staff to the tabernacle. The name of each leader was inscribed in his staff; the tribe of Levi bore Aaron’s name. God instructed that the staffs be placed in the tabernacle overnight. The next morning, Aaron’s rod “had not only sprouted but had budded, blossomed and produced almonds” (Numbers 17:8) as a sign of God’s blessing on the Levitical priesthood. God then said, “Put back Aaron’s staff in front of the ark of the covenant law, to be kept as a sign to the rebellious” (verse 10). So, by the time Israel reached the Promised Land, the ark was associated with the items mentioned in Hebrews 9:4: the stone tablets, the jar of manna, and the staff of Aaron. When King Solomon’s temple was finished, the king had the ark of the covenant, along with all the other furnishings of the tabernacle, brought to the new temple’s dedication. At that time, the biblical historian notes that “there was nothing in the ark except the two stone tablets that Moses had placed in it at Horeb” (1 Kings 8:9; cf. 2 Chronicles 5:10). There are two possible ways to reconcile 1 Kings 8:9 with Hebrews 9:4. One is that the ark in Moses’ time contained all three items mentioned in Hebrews but, by Solomon’s time hundreds of years later, only the stone tablets remained. The other items could have been removed in Eli’s time by the men of Beth Shemesh when “they looked into the ark of the Lord” (1 Samuel 6:19). Before that, the ark was in the possession of the Philistines for a time, and they could have removed some of the ark’s contents. It could also be that Solomon himself had the manna and the staff removed from the ark and set nearby in the same room at the time of the temple’s dedication. Another possibility is that the jar of manna and Aaron’s staff were not usually inside the ark of the covenant, but rather beside it. God’s command in Exodus 16:33 was for Moses to place the manna “before the Lord” (ESV) or “in a sacred place before the Lord” (NLT). Similarly, the staff was to be placed “before the testimony” (Numbers 17:10, ESV) or “permanently before the Ark of the Covenant” (NLT). So, the manna and the staff were kept in the same place as the tablets of stone, but it’s possible they were not, strictly speaking, inside the ark. It is also quite possible that the jar of manna and Aaron’s staff were carried inside the ark every time the ark was moved. When the ark was at rest in the Most Holy Place, the manna and the staff were placed beside or in front of the ark. But, while the ark was in transit, the most practical place to carry the manna and the rod was inside the ark. QUESTION - What is the significance of Mount Horeb in the Bible? ANSWER - Mount Horeb in the Bible is another name for Mount Sinai, the mountain where the Hebrew people entered into a covenant with God after escaping from bondage in Egypt (Deuteronomy 5:2; 1 Kings 8:9; 2 Chronicles 5:10). Mount Horeb is also the place where Moses received the Ten Commandments and the laws, rules, and instructions for the people before continuing on their journey through the desert toward the Promised Land (Exodus 33:6; Malachi 4:4). “The mountain of God” is another name in the Bible for Mount Horeb or Mount Sinai (Exodus 3:1; 4:27; 18:5). Horeb comes from a Hebrew term meaning “desert.” Most of the events that the book of Exodus describes as happening at Mount Sinai are located at Mount Horeb in the book of Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy uses the name Horeb exclusively for the mountain of God except in one verse, Deuteronomy 33:2. However, this mention of Sinai could refer to the wilderness of Sinai rather than the mountain. Before the exodus, while Moses was tending the flocks of his father-in-law, Jethro, he came one day to the slopes of Mount Horeb. There he caught sight of a bush that was on fire but not burning up. As Moses investigated the phenomenon, God spoke to him from the flames. Calling him by name, the Lord told Moses to go to Pharaoh and deliver the people of Israel out of slavery in Egypt (Exodus 3:1–12). After the exodus, as the people wandered in the desert, they suffered from thirst and began to complain to Moses about having no water. The Lord commanded Moses to strike the rock at Horeb to obtain water to drink (Exodus 17:1–7). In Exodus 19—20, the Israelites camped at the base of Mount Horeb while Moses went up the mountain to receive instructions from God. The people were told that from the mountain they would receive the commandments of God, and even hear the Lord’s voice. After three days of preparation, God would come down in the sight of all the people. Moses set boundaries on where they could go, and under penalty of death, they were prohibited from even touching the mountain. On the third day, amid thunder, lightning, and trumpet blasts, a thick cloud of smoke engulfed the mountain as God descended on it. Then Moses brought down the Ten Commandments and all the instructions of the law. The book of Deuteronomy reiterates that on Mount Horeb God made a covenant with the people of Israel (Deuteronomy 5:2) and handed down the Ten Commandments (Deuteronomy 5:6–21). Also, while camped at Mount Horeb, the people made a golden idol in the shape of a calf to worship, provoking God’s wrath (Deuteronomy 9:13–29; Psalm 106:19). From Mount Horeb, the Israelites set out toward Kadesh-barnea, an eleven-day journey (Deuteronomy 1:2, 19). Much later, the prophet Elijah fled to Mount Horeb because of Jezebel’s wrath (1 Kings 19:1–8). There he stayed in a cave and had an extraordinary encounter with God, who spoke to him not in the windstorm, earthquake, or fire, but in a gentle whisper. On Horeb God also instructed Elijah to anoint Hazael as king over Syria and Jehu over Israel, and He named Elisha as the prophet to succeed Elijah (1 Kings 19:9–21). GotQuestions.org John Butler - MISSING FROM THE ARK 1 Kings 8:9 (Sermon Starters - Volume 1) When Solomon completed the Temple, a great convocation was held for the moving of the ark to the Holy of Holies in the Temple. Scripture notes that its contents were depleted. According to Hebrews 9:4, the ark was to contain a jar of manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the tables of the law. But when the ark was put in the Temple, but the only thing left in the ark was the two tables of stone. FIRST—MISSING SUSTENANCE “There was nothing in the ark save the two tables of stone.” The first item we note that was missing was the jar of manna. The instructions for putting a jar of manna in the ark are found in Exodus 16:33, 34. Manna is a type of both the living Word (Jesus Christ) and the written Word (the Scriptures). There is not much devotion to either in our churches today. Decline in devotion to the Scriptures will bring decline in devotion to the Savior, and vice versa. • Devotion to the Savior is missing. The Apostle Paul said, “For me to live is Christ.” (Philippians 1:21). His whole life was wrapped up in Christ. That is the way it should be. The church in Ephesus was rebuked strongly for their decline in love for Christ (Revelation 2:4). Jesus Christ must be the Main Person in our life. • Devotion to the Scriptures is missing. The manna is also a type of the Scripture. Most of our churches do not emphasize the Word of God like they used to. They have replaced the Scriptures with socials and what all. Few people are really interested in an earnest study of the Bible. Home Bible studies are two often a coffee and donut time instead of a study of the Scripture. Sunday School classes are often more concerned about food for the stomach then food for the soul. SECOND—MISSING STAFF Another article missing from the ark was Aaron’s rod that budded. The instructions for putting the rod in the ark are found in Numbers 17:10). The rod speaks of two important things, namely the rule of God and the resurrection of Christ. • The rule of God is missing. There was a dispute in the camp of Israel over the priesthood. God had all the tribes bring a rod to the Tabernacle, the one that budded would show who was the priest. The rule of God was involved here. God no longer is our rule. Culture, political correctness and other philosophies decide our conduct. We need to get the rod back in the ark and let God rule in our lives. • The resurrection of Christ is missing. The rod that budded was a great type of the resurrection of Christ. But many churches deny the bodily resurrection of Christ. But without a resurrected Savior we have no Gospel (1 Corinthians 15:14, 17). Without the resurrection of Jesus Christ we have no hope (1 Corinthians 15:19). We need the rod back in our theology! 1 Kings 8:10 It happened that when the priests came from the holy place, the cloud filled the house of the LORD, Related Passages: Exodus 40:34-35+ Then the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. 35 Moses was not able to enter the tent of meeting because the cloud had settled on it, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. 2 Chronicles 5:11-14+ When the priests came forth from the holy place (for all the priests who were present had sanctified themselves, without regard to divisions), 12 and all the Levitical singers, Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun, and their sons and kinsmen, clothed in fine linen, with cymbals, harps and lyres, standing east of the altar, and with them one hundred and twenty priests blowing trumpets 13 in unison when the trumpeters and the singers were to make themselves heard with one voice to praise and to glorify the LORD, and when they lifted up their voice accompanied by trumpets and cymbals and instruments of music, and when they praised the LORD saying, “He indeed is good for His lovingkindness is everlasting,” then the house, the house of the LORD, was filled with a cloud, 14 so that the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud, for the glory of the LORD filled the house of God. Ezekiel 10:4 (GLORY DEPARTS THE TEMPLE) Then the glory of the LORD went up from the cherub to the threshold of the temple, and the temple was filled with the cloud and the court was filled with the brightness of the glory of the LORD. (See Overview: The Glory of the LORD) Isaiah 6:4 And the foundations of the thresholds trembled at the voice of him who called out, while the temple was filling with smoke. Leviticus 16:2 The LORD said to Moses: “Tell your brother Aaron that he shall not enter at any time into the holy place inside the veil, before the mercy seat which is on the ark, or he will die; for I will appear in the cloud over the mercy seat. Psalm 69:31+ (SACRIFICE OF PRAISE MORE PLEASING THAN THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMALS) And it will please the LORD better than an ox Or a young bull with horns and hoofs.
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Morris - heaven of heavens. This phrase "heaven of heavens" probably answers to "the third heaven" (2 Corinthians 12:2). The first heaven is the atmosphere. Above that is the heaven of the stars, extending unknown billions of light years out into space. Then, still above that is the heaven of heavens, projecting infinitely beyond all the stars, and this is where God now has His throne. After His resurrection, Christ "ascended up far above all heavens" (Ephesians 4:10) to the right hand of God. How much less this house which I have built! - "How much less" is typically used to inquire about the degree or amount by which something is smaller or reduced compared to something else, in this case this house (the Temple) is infinitely smaller that God's dwelling which is everywhere.