2 Crônicas 11
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Crônicas 11
Morris - Interestingly, the defense cities built at this time, were not in the north against Israel, but in the south against Egypt (2 Chronicles 12:2). Raymond Dillard: At first glance it is striking how small a territory was embraced by Rehoboam’s defensive perimeter. The line of cities suggests that Rehoboam was confident of holding only the Shephelah and the Judean hills, and that he virtually conceded his inability to maintain sovereignty in the Negev and gulf regions as well as over the coastal plain and its important highway. Shishak’s own account of his invasion shows that he did move up along the coastal highway while protecting his flanks with raids through the Negev. Vassals commonly rebelled at times of dynastic crisis; Edom had already sought to escape Solomon’s yoke with the collusion of the Pharaoh (1 Kgs 11:14–22, 25) and may have been able to make incursions into Israel’s contiguous territory with the encouragement of Egypt in the crisis following Solomon’s death. 2 Chronicles 11:6 Thus he built Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoa, Bethlehem: Bethlehem, called Bethlehem Judah (Judges 17:7,) to distinguish it from another Bethlehem in Zebulun, (Jos 19:15,) and also Ephratah, (i.e., fruitful,) and by the Arabs, Bait-el-lahm, is situated on a rising ground on the southern side of a deep and extensive valley, and reclining from E. to W. not quite six miles S. of Jerusalem. Ge 35:19 1Sa 17:12 Mt 2:5,6 Etam: Jdg 15:8 1Ch 4:32 Tekoa: 2Ch 20:20 2Sa 14:2 Ne 3:5,27 Jer 6:1 Am 1:1 Thus he built Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoa, 2 Chronicles 11:7 Beth-zur, Soco, Adullam, Bethzur: Jos 15:58 Shoco: Jos 15:35, Socoh Adullam: Jos 12:15 15:35 1Sa 22:1 2Sa 23:13 Mic 1:15 Beth-zur, Soco, Adullam, 2 Chronicles 11:8 Gath, Mareshah, Ziph, Gath: 1Ch 18:1 Mareshah: Jos 15:44 Ziph: Jos 15:24 1Sa 23:14,19 Ps 54:1 Gath, Mareshah, Ziph, 2 Chronicles 11:9 Adoraim, Lachish, Azekah, Lachish: 2Ch 32:9 Jos 10:5,11 15:35,39 Adoraim, Lachish, Azekah, 2 Chronicles 11:10 Zorah, Aijalon and Hebron, which are fortified cities in Judah and in Benjamin. Zorah: Jos 15:33, Zoreah, Jos 19:41,42, Ajalon Hebron: Ge 23:2 Nu 13:22 Jos 14:14 20:7 2Sa 2:11 Zorah, Aijalon and Hebron, which are fortified cities in Judah and in Benjamin. Related Resources: Who was Benjamin in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org What can we learn from the tribe of Benjamin? | GotQuestions.org What can we learn from the tribe of Judah? | GotQuestions.org 2 Chronicles 11:11 He also strengthened the fortresses and put officers in them and stores of food, oil and wine. he fortified: Isa 22:10,11 captains: 2Ch 11:23 17:19 PLACING FAITH IN HUMAN FORTIFICATIONS He also strengthened the fortresses and put officers in them and stores of food, oil and wine - What Rehoboam was doing was not wrong in itself, but it is wrong if he did it depending on his human strength! Psalm 20:7 is a good reminder declaring "Some boast in chariots and some in horses, But we will boast in the name of the LORD, our God." D A Carson - THE CHRONICLER PROVIDES SOME fascinating insights into the reign of Rehoboam, the first king of Judah after the end of the united monarchy (2 Chron. 11–12). We note two of them. (1) Predictably, many of the Levites who lived in the north drifted south (2Ch 11:11–17). Their entire life centered on the temple, and this was the connection that Jeroboam, king over the northern ten tribes, wanted to break. Not only therefore did he establish his own idol gods, but he sacked all the Levites. The effect, at least initially, was to strengthen the hand of Rehoboam (2Ch 11:17). Sometimes the principle of “unintended consequences” is quietly used by God’s providence to bring blessings out of what at first appears to be unmitigated disaster. The most stellar example of this, of course, is the cross. (2) Rehoboam proves to be a mediocre king whose total effect is bad. Certain early elements in Rehoboam’s reign were good. He chose the right son, Abijah, to be his “chief prince” (2Ch 11:22), preparing him for the throne. Learning from the stupidity of the initial decision that had cost him the unified kingdom (2Ch 10:8; cf. 1 Kings 12:8), Rehoboam worked hard at maintaining contact with the people, dispersing his many sons around the districts and fortified cities of Judah. Sadly, once he had become comfortable, once his kingdom was more or less secure, he drifted away from the Law of the Lord, and so did his people (2Ch 12:1). God responded by unleashing Shishak, king of Egypt, against this small nation. The prophet Shemaiah thundered, “This is what the LORD says, ‘You have abandoned me; therefore, I now abandon you to Shishak’ ” (2Ch 12:5). King Rehoboam and the leaders of Israel humble themselves (2Ch 12:6, 12). The result is that God does not permit the Egyptians to destroy Judah. Nevertheless, God says that his people will “become subject to [Shishak], so that they may learn the difference between serving me and serving the kings of other lands” (2Ch 12:8). This development reminds us of God’s reaction when the people of Israel entered the Promised Land and promptly compromised their faithfulness. The result was that instead of the clean sweep they might have had, they were embroiled in squalid skirmishes for generations. There is a kind of evil that is not very bad and not very good, not too terribly rebellious yet not hungry for righteousness, a stance that drifts toward idolatry and hastily retreats at the threat of judgment. What it lacks is David’s heart, the heart of a man who, despite failures, sets himself to pursue God with passion and delight. The final verdict on Rehoboam’s reign explains the problem: “He did evil because he had not set his heart on seeking the LORD” (2Ch 12:14). (BORROW For the Love of God, Combined Edition, Volumes One and Two) 2 Chronicles 11:12 He put shields and spears in every city and strengthened them greatly. So he held Judah and Benjamin. he put shields: 2Ch 26:14,15 32:5 2Sa 13:19,22 Judah (KJV): 2Ch 11:1 He put shields and spears in every city and strengthened them greatly. So he held Judah and Benjamin 2 Chronicles 11:13 Moreover, the priests and the Levites who were in all Israel stood with him from all their districts. Moreover, the priests and the Levites who were in all Israel stood with him from all their districts - The priests and Levites scattered among the 10 northern tribes expressed loyalty to King Rehoboam, not to Jeroboam. Raymond Dillard: As an additional sign of divine blessing, the faithful priests and Levites of the Northern tribes abandon their common lands and private property (1 Chr 6:54–60; Num 35:1–5; Lev 25:32–34), prompting a similar defection following their example on the part of citizenry whose loyalty to Yahweh and his temple transcended their identification with tribal homelands. Jeroboam’s fear that loyalty to the temple would reunite the kingdom (1 Kgs 12:26–27) apparently had some basis in fact; allegiance to Jerusalem for many, according to the Chronicler, was at great personal expense (2 Chronicles, Volume 15 - Page 97) The Chronicler’s own hand in shaping this pericope is seen in the use of the theme of “seeking God,” a theme basic to retribution theology, and in his concern with the Levites. Ryrie Study Bible (borrow) - 2Ch 11:13-14 Immigration of faithful priests and Levites from Israel to Judah occurred immediately after Jeroboam's accession (see 1 Kings 12:31) and later (notice "and his sons" in 2Ch 11:14). Roger Knapp - “Viewed even as a stroke of policy, this ejection of the Lord’s priests and Levites was a blunder. They went over in a body, almost, to Jeroboam’s rival, and thereby ‘strengthened the kingdom of Judah.’” (See The Kings of Judah and Israel) Frederick Mabie: In the aftermath of the division, priests and Levites found themselves separated from the Jerusalem temple and rejected by the new northern dynasty. Some even opted to sacrifice personal security of land and possessions in order to gain proximity to the place where God caused his Name. (See The Expositor's Bible Commentary: 1 Chronicles-Job - Page 209) J.A. Thompson: Evidently the faithful priests and Levites of the northern tribes abandoned their pasturelands and property and came to Judah and Jerusalem. Jeroboam had rejected them as priests of the Lord (1 Kgs 12:25–33). His sons probably held positions of authority like other royal sons (2 Sam 15:1–6; 1 Kgs 1:9). The verb translated “sided with” (from yāṣab) means to “take a stand” (cf. Ps 94:16). It is not clear that these northerners took up permanent residence with Rehoboam though this is not excluded (cf. v. 16). But it is clear that there was a good deal of sympathy in the north with Rehoboam. (1, 2 Chronicles: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition) Matthew
2 Crônicas 11
Morris - According to 2 Samuel 14:27, Absalom's only daughter was named Tamar. It is possible that Maachah was another name for Tamar. More likely, Maachah was the granddaughter of Absalom (the Hebrew word "daughter," bath, is sufficiently flexible to allow this meaning). Walter Kaiser - 2Ch 11:20 Who Was Absalom’s Daughter? In 2 Samuel 14:27 Tamar is spoken of as the only daughter of Absalom. Why, then, is Maacah also called Absalom’s daughter? Tamar was named after Absalom’s sister, whom Absalom’s half brother, Amnon, had raped, but whom Absalom avenged by killing him. Later Tamar married Uriel of Gibeah. Their daughter was Maacah, who married King Rehoboam, and was the mother of the next king, Abijam. Thus Rehoboam’s wife Maacah was actually the granddaughter of Absalom, through Absalom’s immediate daughter Tamar. The use of the word daughter to fit the concept of granddaughter is a phenomenon not unknown in Hebrew. See the similar usage in Genesis 46:15, where the “sons” of Leah includes grandsons. (see Hard Sayings of the Bible) 2 Chronicles 11:21 Rehoboam loved Maacah the daughter of Absalom more than all his other wives and concubines. For he had taken eighteen wives and sixty concubines and fathered twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters. eighteen wives: 2Ch 11:23 De 17:17 Jdg 8:30 2Sa 3:2-5 5:13 1Ki 11:3 1Ch 3:1-9 Song 6:8,9 LIKE FATHER LIKE SON! Rehoboam loved Maacah the daughter of Absalom more than all his other wives and concubines. For he had taken eighteen wives and sixty concubines and fathered twenty-eight sons and sixty daughters. Andrew Hill: The Chronicler reports the practice of polygamy in the Davidic dynasty as a matter of fact—apparently accepting the cultural convention (despite the Mosaic prohibition against kings taking many wives, Deut. 17:17). Thompson appropriately reminds us of the tragic aspect of polygamy in the inevitable favoritism shown to a particular wife in the harem. Typically in such marriages in the Old Testament, favoritism bred jealousy, jealousy hatred, and hatred too often resulted in destructive behavior patterns. It should be noted, in addition to his own eighteen wives and sixty concubines (11:21), Rehoboam is responsible for supporting his father Solomon’s harem (since royal women were “property” of the state in perpetuity). This obligation may have had something to do with his decision to levy a tax hike on his subjects. Payne - “By taking ‘eighteen wives’ Rehoboam willfully disregarded the law of God, both in respect to kingly abuse (Deuteronomy 17:17) and in respect to polygamous marriage … not to mention his disregard of the disastrous precedent set by his father, Solomon, from which he should have learned caution.” G Campbell