Deuteronômio 28

Deuteronômio 28

Morris - Israel will indeed be restored as the wife of Jehovah. This promise is eternal, not conditional, though its implementation must await the national repentance and acceptance of Messiah when He returns, after His long absence and Her long affliction (Hosea 5:5; Matthew 23:37-39). Isaiah 54:5 “For your husband is your Maker, Whose name is the LORD of hosts; And your Redeemer is the Holy One of Israel, Who is called the God of all the earth. Comment by Henry Morris - The God of all the earth is also the "Maker" of Israel, as well as her Redeemer. Note that, symbolically, Israel is sometimes pictured as the wife of Jehovah, just as in the New Testament the church is called the Bride of Christ. Anthony Garland's Discussion of Israel Married to Jehovah Israel Married to Jehovah The nation Israel is unlikely to be the Lamb’s bride because she has already been wed. God the Father is Israel’s husband:13 “Return, O backsliding children,” says the Lord; “for I am married to you. I will take you, one from a city and two from a family, and I will bring you to Zion.” (Jer. 3:14) [emphasis added] “They say, ‘If a man divorces his wife, and she goes from him and becomes another man’s, may he return to her again?’ Would not that land be greatly polluted? But you have played the harlot with many lovers; yet return to Me,” says the Lord. (Jer. 3:1) [emphasis added] Then I saw that for all the causes for which backsliding Israel had committed adultery, I had put her away and given her a certificate of divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah did not fear, but went and played the harlot also. (Jer. 3:8) [emphasis added] Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah-not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the Lord. But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. (Jer. 31:31-33) [emphasis added] Even though Israel proved to be an unfaithful wife which God put away by divorce, He promises to remain faithful to her in His relationship as husband. Moreover, in order to divorce her, she had to first be married. Bring charges against your mother, bring charges; For she is not My wife, nor am I her Husband! Let her put away her harlotries from her sight, and her adulteries from between her breasts . . . (Hos. 2:2) [emphasis added] She will chase her lovers, but not overtake them; yes, she will seek them, but not find them. Then she will say, ‘I will go and return to my first husband, for then it was better for me than now.’ (Hos. 2:7) [emphasis added] As unfaithful as Israel has been, God promises to stand by her. Their husband-wife relationship will be reestablished: “And it shall be, in that day,” says the Lord, “That you will call Me ‘My Husband,’ And no longer call Me ‘My Master.’ ” (Hos. 2:16) [emphasis added] I will betroth you to Me forever; yes, I will betroth you to Me in righteousness and justice, in lovingkindness and mercy; I will betroth you to Me in faithfulness, and you shall know the Lord. (Hos. 2:19-20) [emphasis added] The LORD’s accomplished purpose in Israel’s chastening also will result in the reestablishment of her original husband-wife relationship to the LORD.14 The relationship between Israel and Jehovah is dramatically different than what the NT records concerning Christ and His bride. Perhaps the most significant difference is that the marriage of Jehovah to Israel occurred in time past, whereas the marriage of Christ with His bride has not yet taken place. This is the subject of the passage before us. Israel in her land was the wife of Jehovah (Jer. 3:14-20; Isa. 54:1), but the wife was divorced because of her iniquity. Israel, however, is to be reinstated in Jehovah’s favour. But a divorced wife can never again be a virgin, and it is not a divorced wife but a virgin whom the Lord marries (Lev. 21:14).15 Deuteronomy 28:21 "The LORD will make the pestilence cling to you until He has consumed you from the land where you are entering to possess it. Ex 5:3 Lev 26:25 Nu 14:12 16:46-49 25:9 2Sa 24:15 Jer 15:2 16:4 Jer 21:6,7 24:10 Mt 26:7 Deuteronomy 28 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Exodus 5:3+ Then they said, “The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Please, let us go a three days’ journey into the wilderness that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God, otherwise He will fall upon us with pestilence or with the sword.” Leviticus 26:25+ ‘I will also bring upon you a sword which will execute vengeance for the covenant; and when you gather together into your cities, I will send pestilence among you, so that you shall be delivered into enemy hands. Numbers 14:12+ “I will smite them with pestilence and dispossess them, and I will make you into a nation greater and mightier than they.” CLINGING, CONSUMING PESTILENCE The LORD will make the pestilence cling to you until He has consumed you from the land where you are entering to possess it - The nature of the pestilence is difficult to determine from the context because of no medical details. Cling (dabaq) describes the pestilence as "sticking like glue" to the Israelites. The Lxx translates cling (dabaq) with proskollao which means to adhere closely to (used of a husband clinging to his wife - Ge 2:24). There is no escape from the pestilence until it has accomplished its task of consuming Israel. Pestilence (01698. דֶּבֶר deḇer: A noun meaning plague or pestilence. A pandemic occurrence of sickness that causes widespread death, often with the associative meaning of judgment from God. Any kind of pestilence which results in death is meant. Aside from about five instances, all uses of deber relate to pestilence as sent by God as punishment. Deber is commonly mentioned together with such words as famine, evil, blood, judgment, sword, and noisome beast (KJV; ASV “evil beast”). Jeremiah in his predictions of dire events quite often combines sword, famine, and pestilence (14:12; 21:7, 9; 24:10; 27:8, 13; 29:17–18; 32:24, 36; 34:17; 38:2; 42:17, 22; 44:13).This plague is a dreaded disease similar to the bubonic plague in the Middle Ages. It was likely carried by rat fleas and produced tumors on the infected person. First Samuel 5–6 describes the plague on the Philistines as a punishment from God. The word is also used as the most dreaded threat of the Lord against His people (Lev. 26:25; Num. 14:12). The prophets use this word frequently to predict coming judgment and destruction as in the common phrase, sword, famine, and plague (Jer. 21:9; 38:2; Ezek. 6:11, NIV). Cleaved (1692) dabaq means to stick to, adhere to, cling to, join with, stay with, stay in close proximity to and which yields the noun form for "glue". Dabaq describes something that sticks or clings to something else (Ezek 29:4 and Ezekiel’s tongue to roof of his mouth Ezek. 3:26). Dabaq is used in Ge 2:24 = "For this reason a man shall leave his father and his mother, and be joined to his wife; and they shall become one flesh." Consumed (destroyed)(03615) kalah The primary meaning is the notion of "completion" of some process -- to be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, or spent. To bring a process to completion. To consummate. Deuteronomy 28:22 "The LORD will smite you with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with fiery heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew, and they will pursue you until you perish. consumption: Lev 26:16 2Ch 6:28 Jer 14:12 blight: 1Ki 8:37 Am 4:9 Hag 2:17 Deuteronomy 28 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passage: Leviticus 26:16+ I, in turn, will do this to you: I will appoint over you a sudden terror, consumption and fever that will waste away the eyes and cause the soul to pine away; also, you will sow your seed uselessly, for your enemies will eat it up. CURSE SMITES PEOPLE AND PLANTS The LORD will smite you with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with fiery heat (Heb - "hot fever") and with the sword and with blight and with mildew, and they will pursue you until you perish (abad; Lxx = apollumi = ruined) - Smite is ironically the same word used to describe what Israel did to the kings of Sihon and Og (Dt 29:7)! God shows no favoritism to Israel, but metes out righteous judgment for their sins just as He did for Sihon and Og. IVP Bible Background Commentary (page 496) - pathology in the ancient Near East. Affliction by various diseases is one of the curses found in Assyrian treaty texts. Pathology in the ancient Near East was always considered in the light of supernatural cause and effect. Generally either hostile demons or gods angry at the violation of some taboo were considered responsible. “Wasting disease” probably included tuberculosis (rare in ancient Israel) as well as other diseases characterized by the same outward symptoms; verse 22 also includes categories of diseases characterized by fevers and inflammation; verse 27 describes a variety of skin diseases; and the symptoms of verse 28 are common with syphilis (in the ancient Near East generally the nonvenereal type). The categories of pathology can therefore be seen to be symptom related. Smite (Lxx = patasso = inflict a heavy blow)(05221)(nāḵāh) means to beat, to wound and can range from simply hitting to actually killing. There are many instances of striking physically (Ex. 21:15, 19; Job 16:10; Ps. 3:7; Song 5:7). Of Yahweh smiting the firstborn (Nu 3:13, 8:17), His own people (Nu 11:33). Of Moses striking the rock twice resulting in his not being allowed to enter the Promised Land (Nu 20:11) Frequently, nākāh is related to the Israelite conquest of Canaan. God used disease to smite the inhabitants of Canaan (Nu 14:12). This word is also used in a different sense, as when the men of Sodom and Gomorrah were stricken blind by the two angels (Ge 19:11); when a priest stuck a fork into the kettle (1 Sa 2:14); when people clapped their hands (2 Kgs. 11:12); or when people verbally abused Jeremiah (Jer. 18:18). God struck the Egyptians with plagues (Ex. 3:20); and struck people down in judgment (Isa. 5:25). Nakah in the (hif) = kill, slaughter, i.e., take the life of another (Ex 2:12); (hof) killed, slain (Nu 25:14,15, 18; Jer 18:21); Nakah in Deut - Deut. 1:4; Deut. 2:33; Deut. 3:3; Deut. 4:46; Deut. 7:2; Deut. 13:15; Deut. 19:4; Deut. 19:6; Deut. 19:11; Deut. 20:13; Deut. 21:1; Deut. 25:2; Deut. 25:3; Deut. 25:11; Deut. 27:24; Deut. 27:25; Deut. 28:22; Deut. 28:27; Deut. 28:28; Deut. 28:35; Deut. 29:7 Consumption (07829) שַׁחֶפֶת šaḥep̱eṯ: A feminine noun indicating consumption; a wasting disease, i.e., a disease causing serious illness, with a focus on the emaciating the body, such as consumption or tuberculosis, diarrhea, etc. It refers to a disease that causes a person’s body to waste away (Lev. 26:16; Deut. 28:22). It could be brought about by the Lord as a curse on a disobedient people. Saḥep̱eṯ occurs in the context of the curses which accompany the breaking of a covenant. In ancient Near Eastern legal contracts, after the stipulations of a covenant were listed, curses then followed for violation of the agreement. These curses were guaranteed by the gods to ensure that the parties kept their agreement. The unique thing about the Mosaic Covenant was that God, the Guarantor of the contract, was also the Party Who initiated the agreement. The inanity of violating a contract with God was profoundly obvious to the original audience, as alienating Him meant that the curses would most certainly follow. A listing of nasty ailments was a common element in the curse sections of ancient Near Eastern contracts. NET NOTE - “consumption” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV). The term is from a verbal root that indicates a weakening of one’s physical strength (cf. NAB “wasting”; NIV, NLT “wasting disease”). Fever (only in Lev 26:16, Dt 28:22) (06920). קַדַּחַת qaddaḥaṯ: A feminine noun meaning fever a state or condition in which one has an elevated temperature of the body causing a hot feeling to the ill person. It was one of the pestilences or plagues the Lord would send on a disobedient people (Lev. 26:16; Deut. 28:22). Mildew (03420) יֵרָקוֹן yērāqôn: A masculine noun referring to paleness, mildew. It was a disease attacking grains and forming rust or mildew on the grain. It was often considered a curse or pestilence from the Lord because of Israel’s sin (1 Ki 8:37; 2 Chr. 6:28; Amos 4:9; Hag. 2:17). It was used of people’s faces turning “green,” that is, pale from fear of judgment, paleness, sickly yellow, formally, greenish color, i.e., to have a loss of blood to the face as a basal response to fear(Jer. 30:6). Deuteronomy 28:23 "The heaven which is over your head shall be bronze, and the earth which is under you, iron. Lev 26:19 1Ki 17:1 18:2 Jer 14:1-6 Am 4:7 Deuteronomy 28 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Leviticus 26:19+ I will also break down your pride of power; I will also make your sky like iron and your earth like bronze. 1 Kings 17:1 Now Elijah the Tishbite, who was of the settlers of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As the LORD, the God of Israel lives, before whom I stand, surely there shall be neither dew nor rain these years, except by my word.” BRONZE SKY HARD EARTH TSK - The language here is remarkable: "The heaven;" that part of the atmosphere which was over Judea, instead of being replenished with aqueous vapours, should become, with respect to moisture, like brass: and consequently their land would become as hard as iron, and wholly incapable of cultivation; while the clouds might give showers in abundance, and the earth be moist and fruitful in other regions. The heaven which is over your head shall be bronze, and the earth which is under you, iron - NET NOTE - Or “heavens” (also in the following verse). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context. Bob