Isaías 53
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
Isaías 53
Morris - Once "His soul" was offered for sin, then the whole theme changes from suffering to triumph just as in Psalm 22:30 (WHICH DESCRIBES THE CRUCIFIXION) - "Posterity will serve Him; It will be told of the Lord to the coming generation." Beall: Note that the Servant voluntarily sets His soul as a trespass offering; no one forces Him. The voluntary obedience of the Servant to the will of the Father in offering up Himself as an offering for our sins is again emphasized here (see also 50:5, 7). John describes Jehovah's satisfaction with His son's sacrifice writing that He Himself (Messiah) is the propitiation for our sins; and not for ours only, but also for those of the whole world. (1 John 2:2+) Comment: The word propitiation carries the basic idea of appeasement or satisfaction, specifically toward God. Propitiation is a two-part act that involves appeasing the wrath of an offended person and being reconciled to him. (see full discussion of What is propitiation?) ESV Study Bible on He will see it and be satisfied - The outcome of the servant’s sufferings is not regret but the satisfaction of obvious accomplishment. MacArthur on He will see it and be satisfied- The Servant’s full joy and satisfaction comes from providing righteousness, redemption, forgiveness and eternal heaven for His children. What a day that will be. David Thompson poses an interesting question - One question that comes to mind is who is actually satisfied - God the Father or God the Son? The answer is both. God the Father is completely satisfied with the judicial work of God the Son, and God the Son is completely satisfied with the work as well....That work meant that Jesus Christ would have “anguish” in His soul. The word “anguish” means to be weary and troubled in your soul (Ibid., p. 639). Not only did this work of Jesus Christ require that He suffer physically, but also that He would suffer internally, mentally, and emotionally. In order to save our soul, He had to have anguish in His own. As we said, when He cried, “My God, My God why hast Thou forsaken Me?,” (Mt 27:46) there were things happening you and I know nothing about. As G. Campbell Morgan said, "Jesus Christ took our hell so we could take His heaven." Be satisfied is the Hebrew verb saba/sabea which means to be satisfied, to have enough, to be filled, abundantly supplied. It stands for the fullest realization of expectation, or gratification of any particular desire. Be satisfied is in the imperfect tense signifying Jehovah is continually satisfied with the work of His Servant's sacrificial work to the fullest possible degree. The irony is that this same word (saba/sabea) is used in Isaiah 1:11 where Jehovah speaks of the sacrifices of the nation of Israel declaring "I have had enough of burnt offerings... I take no pleasure....". David uses this verb (saba/sabea) in Psalm 17:15 writing "As for me, I shall behold Your face in righteousness; I will be satisfied with Your likeness when I awake," giving a strong Old Testament testimony to the resurrection (cf Job 19:25-27, Da 12:2) and the future life, even anticipating the glorious promise of 1 John 3:2+, "that when He appears, we will be like Him, because we will see Him just as He is." The Dead Sea Scrolls add that He will see the light of life, which was indeed fulfilled in his resurrection. In addition the Septugint refers to light. Here is the English translation of Isaiah 53:11 - "the Lord also is pleased to take away from the travail of his soul, to shew him light, and to form him with understanding; to justify the just one who serves many well; and he shall bear their sins." Anguish (05999)(amal from verb amal = to labor especially the dark side of labor, the grievous and unfulfilling aspects of work) means trouble, labor, toil. Gilbrant - This is the noun that describes the labor that Qoheleth, the Preacher of Ecclesiastes, considered vanity, because the laborer could never enjoy the fruit of the labor (Ecc. 1:3; 2:11). The term is used figuratively to describe the heaviness of certain painful thoughts, particularly the psalmist's concern over the prosperity of the wicked (Ps. 73:16). ʿāmāl can also refer to the fruit or produce of labor (Ps. 105:44; Ecc. 2:19) and the notion of trouble or vexation (general weariness or weariness of situations and circumstances). Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh since God had made him forget all his toil (Gen. 41:51). The Lord heard the affliction and toil of his people in Egypt and sent Moses to deliver them (Deut. 26:7). Job's so-called friends are called "troublesome comforters" (Job 3:10; 16:2). The Suffering Servant, Jesus Christ, experienced for our sakes "the anguish of his soul" (Isa. 53:11). ʿāmāl may also be translated "wickedness" (cf. Num. 23:21; Isa. 10:1), which conveys the emotion of vexation and anguish associated with sinful behavior, especially by those who are the recipients of such evil acts.(Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) The Septuagint translates amal in Isaiah 53:11 with the noun ponos (see LIddell-Scott) means hard labor or toil (Col 4:13) or distress caused by hard, difficult circumstances which in turn bring pain, affliction or anguish (Rev 16:10-11, Rev 21:4). Amal - 54x in 53v - anguish(1), fruit of his labor(1), fruit of my labor(3), labor(16), mischief(9), misery(1), sorry(1), toil(3), toils(1), trouble(13), troublesome(1), unjust decisions(1), wickedness(2), work(1). Gen. 41:51; Num. 23:21; Deut. 26:7; Jdg. 10:16; Job 3:10; Job 4:8; Job 5:6; Job 5:7; Job 7:3; Job 11:16; Job 15:35; Job 16:2; Ps. 7:14; Ps. 7:16; Ps. 10:7; Ps. 10:14; Ps. 25:18; Ps. 55:10; Ps. 73:5; Ps. 73:16; Ps. 90:10; Ps. 94:20; Ps. 105:44; Ps. 107:12; Ps. 140:9; Prov. 24:2; Prov. 31:7; Eccl. 1:3; Eccl. 2:10; Eccl. 2:11; Eccl. 2:18; Eccl. 2:19; Eccl. 2:20; Eccl. 2:22; Eccl. 2:24; Eccl. 3:13; Eccl. 4:4; Eccl. 4:6; Eccl. 4:8; Eccl. 4:9; Eccl. 5:15; Eccl. 5:18; Eccl. 5:19; Eccl. 6:7; Eccl. 8:15; Eccl. 9:9; Eccl. 10:15; Isa. 10:1; Isa. 53:11; Isa. 59:4; Jer. 20:18; Hab. 1:3; Hab. 1:13 "MANIFOLD" JUSTIFICATION Manifold means many and varied, like John describes "a great multitude (MANY) which no one could count, from every nation and all tribes and peoples and tongues (VARIED), standing before the throne and before the Lamb." (Rev 7:9+) Here we encounter a major shift in the speaker. From Isaiah 53:1-11a it is first person plural, the redeemed Jewish remnant of the last days looking back at how their Messiah fulfilled this detailed prophecy. Now the passage shifts from all plural pronouns to the to first person singular and God Himself gives testimony. So from the redeemed remnant of Israel who have been looking back to the cross from their day of salvation in the last days, it shifts to Jehovah speaking and looking forward to the Cross from Isaiah's day. By His knowledge the Righteous One My Servant, will justify the many - Jesus was perfectly righteous in all His ways and therefore was fully qualified to provide righteousness for all who would believe in Him and have His perfect righteousness placed on their otherwise defunct spiritual "bank account." Gilbrant on knowledge - The Servant’s “knowledge” means He knew the Father, He knew what He was doing in his sacrifice of himself for us, and He knew who He was and is. David Baron on the difficult phrase by His knowledge - It cannot be positively stated whether עוֹתּוֲֹ וֹתּ דַע בּ beda‘to (by His knowledge), is to be understood in a subjective sense of the Servant of Jehovah, i.e. "according to His knowledge," or objectively, "by the knowledge of Him." Grammatically it might be rendered either way, but it is correct to say with Delitzsch (who himself favors the subjective view) that nearly all the commentators who understand by the Servant of Jehovah the divine Redeemer, give preference to the latter of the two explanations, namely, by the knowledge of Him on the part of others. And this, it seems to me, is the more satisfactory view. The kind of "knowledge" expressed in the word is not only that which has reference to understanding with the mind, but a practical, experimental knowledge a spiritual heart acquaintance with Him, a personal appropriation by a living faith of His redeeming work for sinnerssuch a "knowledge," for instance, as is implied in the words of Christ, "This is life eternal, that they might know Thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom Thou didst send," (Jn 17:3) or, in the prayer of the Apostle, "That I might know Him and the power of His resurrection." (Php 3:10) (Isaiah 53 Exposition) The NET Bible (as does HCSB, NRSV) links the phrase by His knowledge with His satisfaction rendering it "He will be satisfied when He understands what He has done." Below are some other thoughts on by His knowledge...
Isaías 53
Morris points out that "This (JESUS' QUOTE FROM Isa 53:12) is noteworthy as one of the few places in the New Testament in which that chapter (ISAIAH 53) is explicitly applied to Jesus. Jesus sees his death as one in which he will be one with sinners. This surely points to that death as substitutionary: Jesus will take the place of sinful people." Yet He Himself bore the sin of many - The pronoun He is emphatic! He and none other! His substitutionary death is again emphasized. This recalls Peter's words in 1 Peter 2:24+ that "He Himself bore our sins in His body on the cross, so that we might die to sin and live to righteousness; for by His wounds you were healed." Because He died in a moment in time bearing the sins of many, many will live for with Him forever in eternity. There is an allusion to the truth in this section in the the Epistle to the Hebrews - Otherwise, He would have needed to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now once at the consummation of the ages He has been manifested to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. 27 And inasmuch as it is appointed for men to die once and after this comes judgment, 28 so Christ also, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time for salvation without reference to sin, to those who eagerly await Him. (Hebrews 9:26-28+) Bearing shame and scoffing rude, In my place condemned He stood; Sealed my pardon with His blood; Hallelujah! What a Saviour! —Philip P. Bliss And interceded for the transgressors (pasha = rebels) - Johnson feels that "the intercession is most likely that referred to in Luke 23:34 where Jesus prayed for those who put him to death both Romans and Jews, “Father, forgive them, for they no not what they do.” While I certainly agree with Dr Johnson, I think there is also a reference to His current intercession. That may be why the ESV translates it as "makes intercession for the transgressors." The verb interceded is in the Hebrew verb paga/pagha translated "fall" in Isaiah 53:6. Paga is in the imperfect tense suggesting Messiah's continuing intercession. David Baron agrees commenting that "The verb עַ ע גּי ִפְבּ ָיַע , yaph’gia‘ ("made intercession"), is an instance of the imperfect or indefinite future, and expresses a work begun, but not yet ended. Its most striking fulfillment, as Delitzsch observes, was the prayer of the crucified Saviour, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do." (Luke 23:34 ) But this work of intercession which He began on the Cross, He still continues as "the one whom God exalted to His right hand as a Prince and a Savior, to grant repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins." (Acs 5:31). (Isaiah 53 Exposition) The writer of Hebrews adds "Therefore He is able (HAS THE POWER) also to save forever ("save to the uttermost") those who draw near to God through Him, since He always lives to make intercession (entugchano in the present tense = continually) for them." (Hebrews 7:25+) Jesus is now in Heaven at the right hand of the Father, and is continually interceding for transgressors. All of us as believers sadly still possess the fallen (rebellious) flesh and so it is not surprising that we still rebel or transgress. We still have need for a Great High Priest to make intercession for us! Paul writes "Christ Jesus is He who died, yes, rather who was raised, who is at the right hand of God, who also intercedes (entugchano in the present tense = continually) for us." (Ro 8:34+) In Hebrews 9:24+ he emphasizes Messiah's role as our Great High Priests writing that "Christ did not enter a holy place made with hands, a mere copy of the true one, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God (AS OUR HIGH PRIEST) for (HUPER = ON OUR BEHALF) us." The apostle John encourages us writing "My little children, I am writing these things to you so that you may not sin. And if anyone sins, we have (present tense = continually) an Advocate (parakletos - used elsewhere only of the Spirit of Christ) with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous; (cf " the Righteous One" = Isa 53:11)" (1 John 2:1+) In Isaiah the Lord speaks and His promise sounds very much like One Who is continually making intercession for His rebellious Chosen People Israel when He says For Zion’s sake I will not keep silent, And for Jerusalem’s sake I will not keep quiet, Until her righteousness goes forth like brightness, And her salvation like a torch that is burning. (Isaiah 62:1) A Motyer writes of this passage that "The Anointed One commits himself to ceaseless action, just as to ceaseless prayer." (TOTC-Isaiah) David