Marcos 15
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
Marcos 15
Morris comments that "The tomb was rock-hewn and had not been used previously (tombs, being expensive, would tend to be given maximum use; surviving Jewish tombs of the period often have several chambers so that they can accommodate a number of bodies). Elsewhere we learn that Joseph had prepared this tomb for himself ("his own new tomb" = Mt. 27:60). (TNTC-Luke) D A Carson gives us some details about ancient tombs - "Tombs were of various kinds. Many were sealed with some sort of boulder wedged into place to discourage wild animals and grave robbers. But an expensive tomb consisted of an antechamber hewn out of the rock face, with a low passage (cf. 'bent over,' John 20:5, 11) leading into the burial chamber that was sealed with a cut, disk-shaped stone that rolled in a slot cut into the rock. The slot was on an incline, making the grave easy to seal but difficult to open: several men might be needed to roll the stone back up the incline." (Matthew Commentary)
Marcos 15
Morris - When Christ called out: "Eloi, Eloi" (addressing God), some mistook Him as calling on Elijah. Already smitten in conscience for the crime being committed, and knowing the Old Testament prophecy of the future return of the translated Elijah (Malachi 4:5), some were suddenly fearful that this might be the time when Elijah would "come and smite the earth with a curse" (Malachi 4:6). At this time, having already endured in full measure the three hours of hell on the cross (complete separation from the Father--see notes on Matthew 27:45,50), He accepted the vinegar He had previously refused (see note on Matthew 27:34), in fulfillment of the one final prophecy yet to be fulfilled in the crucifixion (Psalm 69:21--see John 19:28-30), and then volitionally "gave up the ghost" (Mark 15:37) Mark 15:36 Someone ran and filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a reed, and gave Him a drink, saying, "Let us see whether Elijah will come to take Him down." Mk 15:23 Ps 69:21 Lu 23:36 Joh 19:28-30 Mark 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Psalm 69:21 They also gave me gall for my food And for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. Luke 23:36 The soldiers also mocked Him, coming up to Him, offering Him sour wine, John 19:28-30 After this, Jesus, knowing that all things had already been accomplished, to fulfill the Scripture, *said, “I am thirsty.” 29 A jar full of sour wine was standing there; so they put a sponge full of the sour wine upon a branch of hyssop and brought it up to His mouth. 30 Therefore when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!” And He bowed His head and gave up His spirit. SOUR WINE FOR THE SAVIOR Someone ran and filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a reed, and gave Him a drink - Earlier "They tried to give Him wine mixed with myrrh; but He did not take it." (Mk 15:23) Note the fact that they had to put it on a reed indicates Jesus' Cross was well off the ground level. NET Note - Sour wine refers to cheap wine that was called in Latin posca, a cheap vinegar wine diluted heavily with water. It was the drink of slaves and soldiers, and was probably there for the soldiers who had performed the crucifixion. Gilbrant - Such a drink is described both in Scripture (Numbers 6:3; Ruth 2:14) and in Greek and Roman literature as a beverage which relieved thirst more effectively than water. (Complete Biblical Library) Saying, "Let us see whether Elijah will come to take Him down - This is derisive mockery, so even up to the very last breath of Jesus we see wicked men mocking Him. Amazing depravity! And in need of Amazing Mercy and Amazing Grace! Mark 15:37 And Jesus uttered a loud cry, and breathed His last. NET Mark 15:37 But Jesus cried out with a loud voice and breathed his last. NLT Mark 15:37 Then Jesus uttered another loud cry and breathed his last. ESV Mark 15:37 And Jesus uttered a loud cry and breathed his last. NIV Mark 15:37 With a loud cry, Jesus breathed his last. Mt 27:50 Lu 23:46 Joh 19:30 Mark 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Matthew 27:50 And Jesus cried out again with a loud voice, and yielded up His spirit. John 19:30 (SIXTH SAYING) Therefore when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!” And He bowed His head and gave up His spirit. (SEE SEVEN SAYINGS) Luke 23:46 (SEVENTH SAYING) And Jesus, crying out with a loud voice, said, “Father, INTO YOUR HANDS I COMMIT MY SPIRIT.” Having said this, He breathed His last. (SEE SEVEN SAYINGS) JESUS' LAST CRY AND LAST BREATH And Jesus uttered a loud cry (megas phone - cf "megaphone"), and breathed (expneo) His last - Breathed is in the aorist tense and the active voice. You say "so what?" First, the aorist tense indicates that a specific point in time/eternity Jesus' respirations ceased. Second, the active voice signifies it was His volitional choice. It was an act of His own will that He breathed that last breath! In John Jesus had declared "No one has taken it away from Me, but I lay it down on My own initiative. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again. This commandment I received from My Father.” ((John 10:18)) THOUGHT - It is easy to read over these words Jesus uttered a loud cry and miss what Mark is saying. Have you ever been at the bedside of a dying person? One day I received an urgent call that my mom had suffered an abdominal aneurysm beginning to leak and since she did not want surgical repair probably had only hours to live. I was 300 miles away but God allowed me to make it to her side. She was conscious but weak and clearly near death's door. I leaned over to tell her that Jesus was there with her and He would take care of her. The next words she could only whisper but they were emphatic "What's taking Him so long?" She fell asleep in Jesus several hours later that night as I lay on the floor at the side of her bed. Jesus had answered her weak cry for Him to come quickly. Here in Luke 23:46 Jesus is near death but the difference is that He cries out with a loud voice. Recall that the Greek words for "loud voice" are "megas" and "phone" (gives us English megaphone) which indicate this was a very audible cry. To even speak while being crucified was difficult but to cry out loudly would be far more difficult. Was Jesus supernaturally enabled? Perhaps we will discover the answer in heaven. In any event, it was not a cry of defeat, but a triumphant cry of victory, victory over sin and Satan, and paradoxically victory over death even though He would momentarily die! Hallelujah! What a Savior! Augustine - He gave up his life because He willed it, when He willed it, and as He willed it. Breathed His last (1606)(ekpneo from ek = out + pneo = breath, to blow upon as wind Jn 3:8, Mt 7:25, etc) means literally to breathe out and so to breath out one's life/soul, thus to expire or die. To engage in the final act of dying. Only in Lk 23:46 and Mk 15:37, 39 (Not in Lxx). THOUGHT - In Genesis 2:7+ we read that "the LORD God formed man of dust from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being." When Jesus was on the Cross, Mk 15:37+ says "And Jesus uttered a loud cry, and breathed His last." The Greek word breathed his last is one word ekpneo meaning to breath out (to expire), in the active voice signifying this was His volitional choice, the choice of His will (cf Jn 10:18). In Ge 2:7+ God breathed in the first Adam to give him life, while in Mk 15:37+ (and Lk 23:46+) the last Adam breathed out, thus assuring that all Adam's descendants who believed in Him would have eternal life ("breathe forever")! Dying Well - Dying words, especially when spoken in the throes of persecution or great suffering, are significant. They often reveal a man’s true values. Some of my favorite last words came from the English martyr Hugh Latimer. He was tied back to back with Nicolas Ridley as the two were burned at the stake. He called out as the flames were lit, “Be of good comfort, brother Ridley, and play the man; we shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust never shall be put out.” As the fire was kindled, Ridley cried out, “Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit: Lord, receive my spirit!” He repeated the latter phrase often. Latimer cried out, “Father of heaven, receive my soul!” (J. C. Ryle, Light from Old Times [Evangelical Press], p. 163.) Another English martyr, John Bradford, turned to a young man who suffered with him and said, “Be of good comfort, brother; for we shall have a merry supper with the Lord this night.” His final words as the flames licked around him were, “Strait is the way, and narrow is the gate, that leadeth to eternal salvation, and few there be that find it” (Ryle, p. 197). Shortly before he died, John Calvin dictated a letter to his friend, William Farel, in which he said, “I have great difficulty in breathing and expect at any time to breathe my last. It is enough for me to live and to die in Christ, who is gain to those who belong to him, whether in life or in death.” Calvin’s friend and successor, Theodore Beza, who was with him at his death, wrote, “We can truly say that in this one man God has been pleased to demonstrate to us in our day the way to live well and to die well” (Theodore Beza, The Life of John Calvin [Evangelical Press], pp. 116, 118). (Steven J. Cole) DID JESUS REALLY DIE? - Lee Strobel Jesus cried out in a loud voice, . . . “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” . . . With a loud cry, Jesus breathed his last. MARK 15:34, 37 “THE FACT THAT JESUS IS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN SEEN ALIVE after the crucifixion may mean that he survived the attempt on his life, unless we have clear evidence that he died in the process,” writes Muslim apologist Shabir Ally. “Rumours of his death have been greatly exaggerated.” This claim—that Jesus didn’t die on the cross—is commonly called the Swoon Theory. It was made popular in Hugh Schonfield’s 1965 book, The Passover Plot. It’s easy to see why this theory would make an intriguing storyline for a novel or movie—but it is quickly demolished by the facts: • There is no record of anyone surviving a Roman crucifixion. • Jesus was beaten dozens of times with whips that had jagged bones and balls of lead woven into them. The historian Eusebius described such a flogging: “The sufferer’s veins were laid bare, and the very muscles, sinews, and bowels of the victim were open to exposure.” • Then, while Jesus was in hypovolemic shock, the spikes were driven through his wrists and feet, and he was hung on the cross. Crucifixion results in slow asphyxiation because stress on the chest locks the person’s lungs into an inhaled position. • After Jesus “breathed his last,” a soldier plunged a spear between his ribs, puncturing his heart, and proving that he was indeed dead. • “Clearly the weight of the historical and medical evidence indicates that Jesus was dead before the wound to his side was inflicted,” concluded the Journal of the American Medical Association. • Each of the four Gospels, which are rooted in eyewitness accounts, makes it clear that Jesus died on the cross (Matthew 27:45–56; Mark 15:33–41; Luke 23:44–49; John 19:28–37). • The apostle Paul passed on to us one of the earliest creeds of the church: “Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures . . . [and] was raised on the third day” (1 Corinthians 15:3–4). • Jesus predicted he would die for our sins (three times in Mark alone: 8:31–33; 9:30–32; 10:32–34), and explained he came to “give his life as a ransom for many” (Mark 10:45). • Even liberal scholar John Dominic Crossan affirmed, “Jesus’ death by execution under Pontius Pilate is as sure as anything historical can ever be.” Atheist historian Gerd Lüdemann acknowledged that the historical evidence for Jesus’ execution is “indisputable.”5 The verdict is clear: Jesus really did die on the cross. Truth for Today - The evidence makes it clear Jesus died. But that doesn’t tell us why he died. Fortunately Jesus explained it when he said he came to “give his life as a ransom for many” (Mark 10:45). He laid down his life for us. Mark 15:38 And the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. Ex 26:31-34 40:20,21 Lev 16:2-19 2Ch 3:8-14 Mt 27:51-53 Lu 23:45 Heb 4:14-16 6:19 9:3-12 Heb 10:19-23 Mark 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Matthew 27:51-53 And behold, the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom; and the earth shook and the rocks were split. 52 The tombs were opened, and many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised; 53 and coming out of the tombs after His resurrection they entered the holy city and appeared to many. Hebrews 4:14-16+ Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our confession. 15 For we do not have a high priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but One who has been tempted in all things as we are, yet without sin. 16 Therefore let us draw near with confidence to the throne of grace, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need. Hebrews 10:19-23+ Therefore, brethren, since we have confidence to enter the holy place by the blood of Jesus, 20 by a new and living way which He inaugurated for us through the veil, that is, His flesh, 21 and since we have a great priest over the house of God, 22 let us draw near with a sincere heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled clean from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. 23 Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for He who promised is faithful; THE VEIL OF THE TEMPLE IS TORN FOREVER. AMEN And the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom - The veil of the Temple was a sobering symbol that sin separated man from a holy God. Top to bottom indicates it was a supernatural severing, torn by the omnipotent "hand of God," clearly indicating that the Father had accepted the sin offering of the Great High Priest once and for all time. Note that Matthew's account reveals that when the veil was torn from top to bottom there was (1) a great earthquake and (2) a resurrection of many saints who had fallen asleep. (Matthew 27:51-53)
Marcos 15
Morris - Joseph of Arimathaea "Joseph of Arimathaea, an honorable counselor, which also waited for the kingdom of God, came, and went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus" (Mark 15:43). The unique service of Joseph, in giving Jesus an honorable burial after His execution as a criminal, is noted in all four gospels. He was a disciple of Jesus, as well as a rich man (Matt. 27:57). Although his home was in Arimathaea, he buried Jesus "in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock" (Matt. 27:60) on the side of Mount Calvary just outside Jerusalem—evidently built specifically for Jesus. Joseph "was a good man, and a just" man—a member of the Sanhedrin, who "had not consented to the counsel and deed of them" as they condemned Jesus to die (Luke 23:50-51). These actions of Joseph soon would cost him his riches and his position. The same was true of his colleague on the council, Nicodemus, who had also become a disciple of Jesus, and who worked together with Joseph to plan the burial of their Lord, "secretly for fear of the Jews" (John 19:38). Once Christ had died, Joseph went to Pilate to request the body—so quickly that "Pilate marveled if He were already dead" (Mark 15:44). After checking this, "he gave the body to Joseph" (verse 45), and the two friends proceeded to prepare it for burial. Nicodemus "brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight" (John 19:39), evidently from a cache in the tomb, and they wound Jesus' body in linen clothes with the spices and quickly buried Him, before sundown. This loving ministry was performed to fulfill an ancient prophecy: "He made His grave... with the rich in His death" (Isa. 53:9). Somehow, Joseph and Nicodemus realized that God had called them to play this particular role in its fulfillment, enabling Jesus' body to rest in dignity until that morning when "He shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand" (verse 10). C H