Provérbios 1
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
Provérbios 1
Morris - the instruction of wisdom. Seven mental attributes are mentioned in Proverbs 1:3-5. The Biblical meaning of these can be summarized roughly as follows: 1. "Knowledge" (synonymous with "science"): awareness of facts. 2. "Understanding:" comprehension of meaning and interrelationships of facts. 3. "Instruction" (same as "correction"): reception of knowledge and understanding. 4. "Discretion" (i.e., "thought"): ingenuity in planning use of facts. 5. "Learning:" absorption and retention of facts and their use. 6. "Wisdom:" character; ability to use one's knowledge and understanding effectively in one's own life and in dealing with others. 7. "Wise counsels:" ability to convey wisdom to others; good advice. (Borrow The Defender's Study Bible) Biblical Illustrator - Judgment and equity “Judgment” is used for discerning right from wrong; for the law, manner, or rule of it; for punishment or execution of judgment. “Equity” in Hebrew means, straight ways, that go on foreright, and even, like plains; when men go not uphill and downhill in their actions, but proceed in an even course. It signifies also a thing right in God’s or man’s eyes, which they approve as just and equal. Some understand by equity moderation, that we use not the extremity of the law, nor do all that we may. Others, integrity of mind in working and discerning. The doctrines suggested are-- 1. Matters of practice must not be perceived only, but received. There is a piercing of truth into the understanding, and receiving of it into the judgment. 2. Knowledge is ordinarily received from others. 3. A spiritual wisdom is required to guide all our actions. 4. Every cue’s right must be preserved. 5. Men must study to know how to judge of interests. 6. Extremity of justice is not always to be used; moderation sometimes is to be exercised. (Francis Taylor.) Do the Right Thing - Management expert Peter Drucker once wrote that too often people focus on efficiency (doing things right), instead of on effectiveness (doing the right thing). “There are few things less pleasing to the Lord, and less productive,” Drucker says, “than an engineering department that rapidly turns out beautiful blueprints for the wrong product. Working on the right things is what makes... work effective.” Those are wise words for anyone seeking business success, and for those trying to live a good life. Lead me, Lord, in tender mercy, Leave me not to walk alone; Let Your wisdom guide me ever, For I dare not trust my own. —Reed Be wise—do right Proverbs 1:4 To give prudence to the naive, To the youth knowledge and discretion, Prudence - Pr 1:22,23; 8:5; 9:4-6; Ps 19:7; 119:130; Isaiah 35:8 Naive...youth - Pr 7:7-24; 8:17,32; Ps 34:11; 119:9; Eccl 11:9,10; 12:1; 2Ti 2:22; Titus 2:6 NET = To impart shrewdness to the morally naive, and a discerning plan to the young person. ANOTHER PURPOSE FOR THE BOOK OF PROVERBS To give (nathan) means to present to deliver, give, place, set up, lay, make, do, allow, permit. "To give" as used here in Pr 1:4 is the most frequent sense of this verb. Nathan describes the process through which an object or a matter is set in motion or actuated. And so to cause something to come to someone is tantamount to giving it to them. Nathan can also mean to cause or to effect, to occasion (= “to do”), as in Pr 10:10. This verb is found almost 2000 times in the OT and is used 33 times in the book of Proverbs - Pr 1:4 To give prudence to the naive, To the youth knowledge and discretion, Pr 1:20 Wisdom shouts in the street, She lifts her voice in the square; Pr 2:3 For if you cry for discernment, Lift your voice for understanding; Pr 2:6 For the LORD gives wisdom; From His mouth come knowledge and understanding. Pr 3:28 Do not say to your neighbor, “Go, and come back, And tomorrow I will give it,” When you have it with you. Pr 3:34 Though He scoffs at the scoffers, Yet He gives grace to the afflicted. Pr 4:2 For I give you sound teaching; Do not abandon my instruction. Pr 4:9 “She will place on your head a garland of grace; She will present you with a crown of beauty.” Pr 5:9 Or you will give your vigor to others And your years to the cruel one; Pr 6:4 Give no sleep to your eyes, Nor slumber to your eyelids; Pr 6:31 But when he is found, he must repay sevenfold; He must give all the substance of his house. Pr 8:1 Does not wisdom call, And understanding lift up her voice? Pr 9:9 Give instruction to a wise man and he will be still wiser, Teach a righteous man and he will increase his learning. Pr 10:10 He who winks the eye causes trouble, And a babbling fool will be ruined. Pr 10:24 What the wicked fears will come upon him, But the desire of the righteous will be granted. Pr 12:12 The wicked man desires the booty of evil men, But the root of the righteous yields fruit. Pr 13:10 Through insolence comes nothing but strife, But wisdom is with those who receive counsel. Pr 13:15 Good understanding produces favor, But the way of the treacherous is hard. Pr 21:26 All day long he is craving, While the righteous gives and does not hold back. Pr 22:9 He who is generous will be blessed, For he gives some of his food to the poor. Pr 22:16 He who oppresses the poor to make more for himself Or who gives to the rich, will only come to poverty. Pr 23:26 Give (a command, not a suggestion!) me your heart, my son, And let your eyes delight in my ways. Pr 23:31 Do not look on the wine when it is red, When it sparkles in the cup, When it goes down smoothly; Pr 26:8 Like one who binds a stone in a sling, So is he who gives honor to a fool. Pr 28:27 He who gives to the poor will never want, But he who shuts his eyes will have many curses. Pr 29:15 The rod and reproof give wisdom, But a child who gets his own way brings shame to his mother. Pr 29:25 The fear of man brings a snare, But he who trusts in the LORD will be exalted. Pr 30:8 Keep deception and lies far from me, Give me neither poverty nor riches; Feed me with the food that is my portion, Pr 31:3 Do not give your strength to women, Or your ways to that which destroys kings. Pr 31:6 Give strong drink to him who is perishing, And wine to him whose life is bitter. Pr 31:15 She rises also while it is still night And gives food to her household And portions to her maidens. Pr 31:24 She makes linen garments and sells them, And supplies belts to the tradesmen. Pr 31:31 Give her the product of her hands, And let her works praise her in the gates. Naive (06612)(pethi [word study] from pathah = to be spacious, wide, open) means simplicity, simple, naive, pertaining to persons that are easily deceived or persuaded, showing lack of wisdom and understanding, yet having some capacity to change this condition. Marked by unaffected simplicity. Deficient in godly wisdom often connoting credulousness and unchecked innocence. One who is gullible, easily susceptible to good or bad influence, weak-willed, irresponsible, but still correctable. Such individuals are in serious need of prudence (shrewdness in a positive sense). John
Provérbios 1
Morris - In the first nine chapters of Proverbs--the section written for Solomon. There are seventeen specific lessons (Proverbs 1:8,10,15; 2:1; 3:1,11,21; 4:1,10,20; 5:1,7; 6:1,20; 7:1,24; 8:32), each beginning with either "my son," or "hear ye children," always emphasizing the importance of heeding the words of the teachings. Ryrie - Pr 1:8-9:18 The first major section of the book records discourses on wisdom in which the student is encouraged to consider and compare the ways of the foolish and the ways of the wise Ortlund - Every dad needs to have some talks with his son during the critical teen years. That is the environment that shaped this wisdom originally. Now, embedded in the Biblical book of Proverbs, it speaks to us all. But a dad is looking his boy straight in the eye and saying, “Son, here’s the kind of world you’re going to be living in every day of your life. Here’s what you can expect. And here’s what you have to do about it.” That is a wise dad. He is not shielding his boy from the real world. He is telling him about it in advance, but in a way that will help his son rather than degrade him. He does not take his son to see a gangster movie, which is fantasy anyway. He tells his son the truth. NET Note - It is likely that collections of proverbs grew up in the royal courts and were designed for the training of the youthful prince. But once the collection was included in the canon, the term “son” would be expanded to mean a disciple, for all the people were to learn wisdom when young. It would not be limited to sons alone but would include daughters—as the expression “the children of (בְּנֵי, béne) Israel” (including males and females) clearly shows. Several passages in the Mishnah and Talmud record instructions to teach daughters the Mosaic law so that they will be righteous and avoid sin as well. Waltke - Adolescence, according to Erickson, is the quest for a sense of identity. The son and the gullible (Pr 1:4, 5) stand on the threshold of full adulthood. The time is at hand when the son and the gullible (Pr 1:4-5) must make a decisive stand for the godly parents’ and sages’ world-and-life views and values. Two conflicting worldviews make their appeal, “of Wisdom/Folly, Good/Pseudo-Good, Life/Death,” and one must choose between them, for there is no third way...The two worldviews are also represented by the repeated metaphors of two ways (Pr 1:10-19; 4:14-19) and of two houses (Pr 2:18-19; 9:1-16, 13-18). The father’s way leads to life, but the way of evil men to death. The house of the foolish woman is the entrance chamber to death; Wisdom’s house is the place of life. Do not forsake (05203)(natash) means to leave, forsake, permit and is used only 3x in Proverbs (Pr 1:8, 6:20, 17:14). The idea of this Hebrew verb is to leave someone, something or some situation unattended and uncared for. The Lxx translates natash with the verb apotheo which literally means to push aside, thrust way from or push off. Figuratively as used here it means to reject, repudiate, refuse to listen to, to cast away or to put away from one's self (used to describe Israel repudiating God in the OT - Acts 7:39). Mother's teaching - Waltke comments that "The admonition places the father and mother on equal footing as the child’s pedagogues (cf. Ex 20:12; 21:15, 17; Lev. 19:3; Deut. 21:18-21; 31:12)." Mother (Heb = em) is used 14x in Proverbs - Pr. 1:8; 4:3; 6:20; 10:1; 15:20; 19:26; 20:20; 23:22, 25; 28:24; 29:15; Pr 30:11, 17; 31:1. See John Piper's message - Do Not Forsake Your Mother's Teaching Hubbard - That both parents are mentioned is a tribute to the prominent role of Israel’s mothers. Disciple's Study Bible - The first and most important classroom in the school of life is the home. Both father and mother are expected to assume responsibility for training and nurturing the minds of children. Though school and church might contribute significantly to the process of education, no outside agency can equal the influence of parents as an educative force. Note that the words of the wisdom writer are addressed to the son rather than to the parents. The learner has a responsibility for attending to parental instruction. Teaching (08451)(torah from yarah = to shoot, throw) means direction, instruction, law. While torah is translated as law 5x in Proverbs, more often it is translated teaching (8x). The NET Note says that "in Proverbs the noun often means “instruction” or “moral direction” rather than “law”. It is related to yarah = “to point or, show the way” in the Hiphil. Instruction attempts to point a person in the right direction (e.g., Ge 46:28 where the root yarah is translated "to point out the way"). Teaching implies a person of authority passing on moral guidelines. Waltke points out the importance of this passage to youths in a nation who ultimately will impact the integrity of nation - " When the moral fiber of a nation is not formed by this sort of catechesis, society unravels and anarchy ensues (see Pr 29:18-note)." Buzzell - Since parents in ideal Jewish homes taught their children God’s Law (cf. Dt. 6:4-7), the same word (tôrâh) was used both for the Law and for instruction in it. (Bible Knowledge Commentary) Torah is used 13 times in Proverbs... Pr 1:8 Hear, my son, your father’s instruction And do not forsake your mother’s teaching; Pr 3:1 My son, do not forget my teaching, But let your heart keep my commandments; Pr 4:2 For I give you sound teaching; Do not abandon my instruction. Pr 6:20 My son, observe the commandment of your father And do not forsake the teaching of your mother; Pr 6:23 For the commandment is a lamp and the teaching is light; And reproofs for discipline are the way of life Pr 7:2 Keep my commandments and live, And my teaching as the apple of your eye. Pr 13:14 The teaching of the wise is a fountain of life, To turn aside from the snares of death. Pr 28:4 Those who forsake the law praise the wicked, But those who keep the law strive with them. Pr 28:7 He who keeps the law is a discerning son, But he who is a companion of gluttons humiliates his father. Pr 28:9 He who turns away his ear from listening to the law, Even his prayer is an abomination. Pr 29:18 Where there is no vision, the people are unrestrained, But happy is he who keeps the law. Pr 31:26 She opens her mouth in wisdom, And the teaching of kindness is on her tongue. Bridges - The young must note that the fear of the LORD is linked with respecting parents. God speaks here through the mouth of a parent or teacher, blending paternal tenderness with his divine authority—my son. The command supposes the godly character of parents and recognizes the responsibility of both parents. Children are rational creatures. Instruction, not blind submission, must be inculcated. Listen … do not forsake. Timothy was brought up to respect his mother’s teaching (2Timothy 1:5; 3:14-15). The same reciprocal obligation binds the spiritual father to his children. Such was the apostolic ministry to the churches of Philippi and Thessalonica. Humility, tenderness, fellowship, and willing submission formed the basis of Christian love and happiness (Philippians 4:9-19; 1 Thessalonians 2:7-13). John
Provérbios 1
Morris comments - Compare Joel 2:28, cited in Acts 2:17 as referring to God the Holy Spirit. Thus, "wisdom" in Proverbs, though personified initially as a wise mother in Israel, is also clearly speaking of, and as, God Himself (Proverbs 8). (Proverbs Comments in Defender's Study Bible) William Arnot - It is to those who turn that the promise of the Spirit is addressed. These two reciprocate. The Spirit poured out arrests a sinner, and turns him; then, as he turns, he gets more of the Spirit poured out. The sovereignty of God and the duty of men are both alike real; and each has its own place in the well-ordered covenant. It is true, that unless a man turn, he will not get God’s Spirit poured out; and it is also true, that unless he get God’s Spirit poured out, he will not turn. When the dead is recalled to life, the blood, sent circling through the system, sets the valves of the heart a-beating; and the valves of the heart, by their beating, send the life-blood circling throughout the frame. It would be in vain to inquire what was the point in the reciprocating series to which the life-giving impulse was first applied. The mysteries of the human spirit are deeper still than those of the body. The way of God, in the regeneration of man, is past finding out. One part of it he keeps near himself, concealed by the clouds and darkness that surround his throne; another part of it he has clearly revealed to our understandings, and pressed on our hearts. His immediate part is to pour out the Spirit; our immediate part is to turn at his reproof. If, instead of simply doing our part, we presumptuously intrude into his, we shall attain neither. If we reverently regard the promise, and diligently obey the command, we shall get and do—we shall do and get. We shall get the Spirit, enabling us to turn; and turn, in order to get more of the Spirit. The command is given, not to make the promise unnecessary, but to send us to it for help. The promise is given, not to supersede the command, but to encourage us in the effort to obey. Turn at his reproof, and hope in his promise; hope in his promise, and turn at his reproof. (Proverbs 1:23 A Revival) Charles Bridges - God calls him to turn at his reproof. He cannot turn himself. But, I will pour out my Spirit as a living fountain upon you. He cannot see his way. But, I will make known my words unto you. ‘I offer thee both my word outwardly to your ears, and a plentiful measure of my Spirit inwardly to your heart, to make that word effectual to you.’ Do you plead that God reckons with you for an inability, which you cannot help—innate without your consent? This is Satan’s argument of delusion. He at once answers the charge, by offering to you present, suitable, and sufficient relief. He meets you on your way to condemnation with the promise of free and full forgiveness.6 Your plea will be of force, when you have gone to him, and found him wanting, The power indeed is of Him. But he hath said—“Ask, and it shall be given you.” If then your helplessness is a real grievance, bring it to him with an honest desire to be rid of it. If you have never prayed, now is the time for prayer. If you cannot pray—at least make the effort. Stretch out the withered hand in the obedience of faith.8 If your heart be hard—your convictions faint—your resolutions unsteady—all is provided in the promise—I will pour out my Spirit upon you. Move, then, and act in dependence upon the Almighty Mover and Agent. Christian experience explains a mystery unfathomable to human reason. It harmonizes man’s energy and God’s grace. There is no straitening—no exclusion—with God. His promises with one mouth assure a welcome to the willing heart. If it cannot move, cannot his Spirit compel—point—draw it to the Saviour? Yea, in the desire to turn, hath not the Saviour already touched it, and drawn it to himself? (Proverbs Commentary) The Boy in the Rafters - Robert
Provérbios 1:7
Morris - Job twice asked the rhetorical question about the source of true wisdom (Job 28:12, 20) and then answers it in this key verse, a truth largely ignored in the modern world. True wisdom begins with the fear of God (Pr 1:7; 9:10; Colossians 2:3-note). Proverbs 1:7 summarizes the theme of the Book of Proverbs and is the key that unlocks the entire Book. Robert