Êxodo 1

Êxodo 1

Vincent writes that exodos means "a journeying; and thus corresponds to the Latin decessus, a going away, whence the word decease." Exodos is used only 3x in the NT - Lk. 9:31; Heb. 11:22; 2 Pet. 1:15 and only Hebrews 11:22 refers to the Exodus of Israel from Egypt - " By faith Joseph, when he was dying, made mention of the exodus of the sons of Israel, and gave orders concerning his bones." Exodos is used almost 70x in the Septuagint and 5x to the Exodus of Israel from Egypt - Exodus 19:1 "In the third month after the sons of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt," Numbers 33:38 = "in the fortieth year after the sons of Israel had come from (Lxx = exodos) the land of Egypt" 1 Kings 6:1; Now it came about in the four hundred and eightieth year after the sons of Israel came out of (Lxx = exodos) the land of Egypt, Ps 105:38 = "Egypt was glad when they departed (Lxx = exodos) ." Ps 114:1 = "When Israel went forth (Lxx = exodos) from Egypt" Exod. 19:1; Exod. 23:16; Num. 33:38; Num. 35:26; Jdg. 5:4; Jdg. 5:31; 1 Sam. 29:6; 2 Sam. 1:20; 2 Sam. 3:25; 2 Sam. 22:43; 1 Ki. 2:37; 1 Ki. 3:7; 1 Ki. 5:17; 6:1, 1 Ki. 10:28; 1 Ki. 10:29; 1 Ki. 20:34; 2 Ki. 19:27; 1 Chr. 5:16; 1 Chr. 20:1; 2 Chr. 1:16; 2 Chr. 9:28; 2 Chr. 16:1; 2 Chr. 23:8; 2 Chr. 32:30; Neh. 4:21; Job 38:27; Ps. 19:6; Ps. 65:8; Ps. 75:6; Ps. 105:38; Ps. 113:9, 114:1, Ps. 121:8; Ps. 144:13; Pr 1:20; Pr 4:23; Pr. 8:35; Prov. 24:27; Prov. 25:13; Prov. 25:26; Prov. 30:12; Isa. 37:28; Isa. 51:20; Jer. 11:13; Lam. 2:19; Lam. 2:21; Lam. 4:1; Lam. 4:5; Lam. 4:8; Lam. 4:14; Ezek. 42:11; Ezek. 43:11; Ezek. 44:5; Ezek. 47:3; Dan. 9:25 "from the issuing of a decree - Lxx = exodus); Mic. 5:2 = "His goings forth are from long ago, From the days of eternity.” Robert Neighbour - By way of introduction, we wish to discuss the meaning of the word, "Exodus." The first Book of the Bible is Genesis; it is the Book of the Beginnings. It is, however, more than a Book of Beginnings. It is the Book of Entrance—of entrance into sin, and into shame, into all of those deep and dismal details of iniquity. As we come into the Book of Exodus, we have set before us in clear and graphic language not only the way out of Egypt and out of bondage, but the way out of death and out of human iniquity. You have seen over many a door the word "Exit," which seemed to be saying, "This way out." As you see the word, Exodus, therefore, it also seems to say, "This way out." 1. The exodus out of Egypt. The first chapter of Exodus gives itself to telling us of the bondage which befell the Children of Israel in the land of their exile. The second chapter tells us of the birth of Moses, the deliverer. It also relates Moses' first failure in seeking to help the Children of Israel. The chapters which follow begin and conclude the story of Israel's exodus. 2. The exodus out of all the nations of the earth. There is a verse of Scripture which tells Israel that the time will come when it shall no longer be said, "The Lord liveth, which brought up the Children of Israel out of the land of Egypt, but the Lord liveth which brought up and which led the seed of the House of Israel out of the north country, and from all countries whither I had driven them." Thus it is that there yet awaits Israel's greatest exodus. A wonderful exodus awaits them, and a wonderful entrance will be theirs. 3. The saved sinner and his exodus. The unregenerate are in bondage. Jesus Christ came to set them free. He said, "The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, * * to preach deliverance to the captives, * * to preach the acceptable year of the Lord." 4. The Church and its Exodus. The very word "Church" is a form of the word "exodus." The Church is an "Ecclesia," that is, a called-out people. We are called out of the world, out of our former walk and way. We are a people separated unto the Lord. The time is coming, also, when we will be called out of the physical earth, and called up to meet our Lord in the air. We, too, shall have our exodus. 5. Christ and His Exodus. There is a little verse in Luke 9:30, 31, which describes the transfiguration of Christ. This verse tells us that there appeared with Him Moses and Elias, and they talked of His decease. The Greek word is "exodus." They talked of His going out, of His exodus from a body that had held Him captive, into a body risen and glorified. Exodus 1:2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah; Reuben: Ge 35:22 Exodus 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries There is probably nothing significant about the order of the names because this order is different in other passages such as among Gen 46:8–27, Ge 49:3–27; Deut 33:2–29. And remember that the verses were added by men so all the names could have just as easily been in one verse which would accurately reflect the original writing. Caveat - While I have included links to more information of each of these names, it is not meant to cause you to do a character study on each one, as that is clearly not Moses' intent in giving us this list. Obviously, we can associate a number of facts with each of these names, but that does not significantly contribute to the purpose of the list. Alan Cole on Exodus 1:2-4 describes this as "a sonorous roll in the names of the twelve phylarchs, like the list of the twelve apostles in the New Testament. A new work of God is about to begin." (TOTC-Exodus) Stuart Douglas comments that "It is unfortunately common for both commentators and preachers to insist on informing their audience of the literal meaning of biblical names as if this somehow makes biblical passages or books more meaningful. In fact, it is usually misleading because the mention of a name in any culture functions primarily to identify a person, not to call attention every time the name is mentioned to the original thinking process employed by the naming parents." (NAC-Exodus) THOUGHT - While the list of names should not lead us on rabbit trails, clearly they serve a purpose. The document the lineage of the patriarch, who is in turn from Isaac and in turn from Abraham and so these names are names of those who would be recipients of the promises of the Abrahamic Covenant in Genesis 12:1-3 (et al passages). Ultimately, the ancestry of the Messiah would need to be traceable back to father Abraham and this was clearly one of the purposes of these lists of names. As Stuart says "The fact that several biblical books begin with a genealogy (e.g., 1 Chr 1–9) or end with one (e.g., Ruth) is a reflection of the importance ancient Israelites placed on being able to trace their lineage, as part of understanding who they were and what their purpose was on earth." Ultimately that purpose was the promise to Abraham that " I will greatly bless you, and I will greatly multiply your seed as the stars of the heavens and as the sand which is on the seashore; and your seed shall possess the gate of their enemies. In your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed, because you have obeyed My voice.”" (Ge 22:17-18) In all three uses, Seed is masculine singular and is interpreted by Paul in Galatians 3:16+ as the Messiah, Paul writing "Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. He does not say, “And to seeds,” as referring to many, but rather to one, “And to your seed,” that is, Christ." Finally, one other thought that this list of names raises is that all of these men were sinners of one degree or another if we study their Biblical bio's! Is this not a testimony to the faithfulness of God to His covenant promises and the grace of God to includes sinners in this list? Reuben (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Reuben? Why did Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh want to live on the east of the Jordan? Simeon (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Simeon? Levi (note) What should we learn from the tribe of Levi / the Levites? Who was Levi in the Bible? Judah (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Judah? Who/what is the Lion of the tribe of Judah? What does it mean that the scepter will not depart from Judah (Genesis 49:10)? Exodus 1:3 Issachar, Zebulun and Benjamin; Issachar: Ge 35:23 Benjamin: Ex 28:20 Exodus 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries The purposes of this section (Exodus 1:1-7) are three at least. 1. These verses introduce the Israelites who are the focus of attention in Exodus. 2. They also tie the Israelites back to Jacob and explain their presence in Egypt. 3. They account for the numerical growth of the Israelites during the 360 years that elapsed between Genesis and Exodus following Joseph's death and preceding Moses' birth. (Constable's Notes on the Bible) Issachar (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Issachar? Zebulun (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Zebulun? Benjamin (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Benjamin? Exodus 1:4 Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. Dan Ge 35:25 1Ch 2:2 Asher Ge 35:26 46:17 Exodus 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Dan (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Dan? Naphtali (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Naphtali? Gad (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Gad? Asher (note) What can we learn from the tribe of Asher? THE NAMES OF THE SONS OF ISRAEL WHO CAME TO EGYPT WITH JACOB SON'S NAME SON # FROM WIFE/CONCUBINE EXODUS GENESIS 1 Reuben Jacob’s first son through Leah Ex 1:2a Ge 29:32 2 Simeon Jacob’s second son through Leah Ex 1:2b Ge 29:33 3 Levi Jacob’s third son through Leah Ex 1:2c Ge 29:34 4 Judah Jacob’s fourth son through Leah Ex 1:2d Ge 29:35 5 Issachar Jacob’s fifth son through Leah Ex 1:3a Ge 30:18 6 Zebulun Jacob’s sixth son through Leah Ex 1:3b Ge 30:20 7 Benjamin Jacob’s second son through Rachel Ex 1:3c Ge 35:18 8 Dan Jacob’s first son through Bilhah, Rachel’s maid Ex 1:4a Ge 30:6 9 Naphtali Jacob’s second son through Bilhah, Rachel’s maid Ex 1:4b Ge 30:8 10 Gad Jacob’s first son through Zilpah, Leah’s maid Ex 1:4c Ge 30:11 11 Asher Jacob’s second son through Zilpah, Leah’s maid Ex 1:4d Ge 30:13 12 Joseph Jacob’s first son through Rachel Ex 1:5 Ge 30:24 Exodus 1:5 All the persons who came from the loins of Jacob were seventy in number, but Joseph was already in Egypt. BGT Exodus 1:5 Ιωσηφ δὲ ἦν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ἦσαν δὲ πᾶσαι ψυχαὶ ἐξ Ιακωβ πέντε καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα NET Exodus 1:5 All the people who were directly descended from Jacob numbered seventy. But Joseph was already in Egypt, LXE Exodus 1:5 But Joseph was in Egypt. And all the souls born of Jacob were seventy-five. NLT Exodus 1:5 In all, Jacob had seventy descendants in Egypt, including Joseph, who was already there. KJV Exodus 1:5 And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already. ESV Exodus 1:5 All the descendants of Jacob were seventy persons; Joseph was already in Egypt. NIV Exodus 1:5 The descendants of Jacob numbered seventy in all; Joseph was already in Egypt. ASV Exodus 1:5 And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: and Joseph was in Egypt already. CSB Exodus 1:5 The total number of Jacob's descendants was 70; Joseph was already in Egypt. NKJ Exodus 1:5 All those who were descendants of Jacob were seventy persons (for Joseph was in Egypt already). NRS Exodus 1:5 The total number of people born to Jacob was seventy. Joseph was already in Egypt. YLT Exodus 1:5 And all the persons coming out of the thigh of Jacob are seventy persons; as to Joseph, he was in Egypt. loins: Ge 46:26 Jdg 8:30 seventy: Ex 1:20 Ge 46:26,27 De 10:22 Exodus 1 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries All the persons who came from the loins of Jacob were seventy in number - Along with the patriarch Jacob eleven tribes are listed. We know that there are 12 sons of Jacob composing the 12 tribes of Israel and the twelfth is Joseph (see table above). As an aside, it is not necessary to see 70 as a symbol of perfection as you will read in an occasional commentary.