2 Coríntios 13
Marvin Vincent · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Coríntios 13
Vincent - The third time. The great mass of modern expositors hold that Paul made three visits to Corinth, of the second of which there is no record.* D A Carson - Paul’s first visit to Corinth had been for the purpose of planting a church there (Acts 18:1–18; 1 Cor. 4:15; 9:1). His second visit was so painful both to him and to his converts that he resolved not to visit them again for a while (2 Cor. 1:23; 2:1). Now he contemplates his third trip: “This will be my third visit to you,” he writes, resuming a point first introduced at 2 Corinthians 12:14. (An Exposition of 2 Corinthians 10-13) Believer's Study Bible - Paul now contemplates a third visit to Corinth, hoping that it will not prove sorrowful as had the second visit. However, the visit will be made, regardless of the difficulties which must be encountered. Homer Kent - Paul quoted a well-known Old Testament passage to show that his dealings with offenders at Corinth would be done with proper witnesses (Deut. 19:15; cf. Deut. 18:16; 1 Tim. 5:19). He would not take matters into his own hands, but would make certain that strict propriety would be maintained in every instance of discipline. The reference to “three witnesses” in close proximity to the mention of Paul’s “third” coming leads some to imagine that the apostle regarded his comings as three separate testimonies fulfilling the Old Testament requirement. It is extremely unlikely, however, that Paul imagined that testimony coming from one person (himself) on three different occasions satisfied the intent (and usual meaning) of the quoted passage. The explanation given above is therefore preferable. (A Heart Opened Wide: Studies in 2 Corinthians) EVERY FACT (rhema) IS TO BE CONFIRMED BY THE TESTIMONY (lit. by the mouth) OF TWO OR THREE WITNESSES - A quotation from Deut 19:15 which says "A single witness shall not rise up against a man on account of any iniquity or any sin which he has committed; on the evidence of two or three witnesses a matter shall be confirmed." The word fact (rhema) in this context refers to a charge or accusation against someone and is used this way in the context of church discipline in Mt 18:16 ("every fact [rhema = that which is spoken] may be confirmed")
2 Coríntios 13
Vincent - The sense of the verse is this: We pray God that you do no evil, not in order that your good conduct may attest the excellence of our teaching and example, so that we shall be approved; but in order that you may do what is good, thus rendering it impossible for us to prove our apostolic authority by administering discipline. In that case we shall be as men unapproved. Pray (wish) (2172) euchomai from euche = a vow in Acts 18:18, a prayer in Jas 5:15) literally meant to speak out or utter aloud and came to mean as used by to express a wish. The idea can be to desire something, with the implication of a pious wish. o pray, but in the NT the derivative proseuchomai is the more common verb for pray. 6v in NT - pray(3), wish(1), wished(1), would wish(1). Acts 26:29; Acts 27:29; Rom. 9:3; 2 Co. 13:7; 2 Co. 13:9; 3 Jn. 1:2 Approved (1384) dokimos from dokime = test, proof, trial = idea is that when you put metal through a fiery testing and it comes out on the other side enduring it "proven", "authentic" or "genuine" Right (2570) kalos describes that which is inherently excellent or intrinsically good, providing some special or superior benefit. Kalos is good with emphasis on that which is beautiful, handsome, excellent, surpassing, precious, commendable, admirable. 2 Corinthians 13:8 For we can do nothing against the truth, but only for the truth. P E
2 Coríntios 13
Vincent - The most complete benediction of the Pauline epistles. In most of the epistles the introductory benedictions are confined to grace and peace. In the pastoral epistles mercy is added. In the closing benedictions uniformly grace. The grace (charis) of the Lord Jesus Christ - God the Son's amazing grace to live the Christian life. 2Ti 2:1+ = "be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus." 2Co 12:9+ = "My (CHRIST) grace is sufficient for you, for power is perfected in weakness.” Full Name Lord Jesus Christ in Corinthians letters -1 Co. 1:2; 1 Co. 1:3; 1 Co. 1:7; 1 Co. 1:8; 1 Co. 1:10; 1 Co. 6:11; 1 Co. 8:6; 1 Co. 15:57; 2 Co. 1:2; 2 Co. 1:3; 2 Co. 8:9; 2 Co. 13:14 And the love (agape) of God - God the Father's supernatural love - unconditional, amazing, forgiving, etc. Lord Jesus Christ, God and Holy Spirit are all subjective genitive, indicating "the grace which comes from the Lord Jesus Christ, the love which God inspires in the hearts of His children (cf. v. 11), the sense of membership which the Holy Spirit imparts to those who are united in one Body." (Plummer) A smaller number of writers favor objective genitive for the latter two - love towards God, communion with the Spirit. And the fellowship (koinonia) of the Holy Spirit - The communion of believers with the Spirit of the living God. Tyndale Bible Dictionary says "Communion with God results in common participation with other believers in the Spirit of God and God’s blessings." Colin Kruse on the fellowship (koinonia) of the Holy Spirit - The word fellowship is a translation of koinonia, which means essentially ‘participation’. The expression fellowship of the Holy Spirit can be construed so as to mean participation in the Holy Spirit where the Holy Spirit is understood as the object in which Christian people share (objective genitive construction). Alternatively it can be construed so as to mean a fellowship created by the Holy Spirit (subjective genitive construction). Both ideas are true and are found elsewhere in Paul’s letters (e.g. 1Co 12:13 where Christians are said both to have been baptized by one Spirit into one body, and to have been made to drink of one Spirit). In any case Christians can share ‘objectively’ in the Spirit only if the Spirit Himself as subject makes that participation possible. (Tyndale NT Commentary online - 2 Corinthians 13) be with you all - Even after all the grief the Corinthians have caused him, Paul bestows a final farewell blessing on them. Murray Harris has a great comment that "Paul grounds his pastoral appeal for unity of spirit and for the rejection of discord (2Co 13:11, 12) in the theological doctrine of the Trinity. The grace of Christ banishes self-assertiveness and self-seeking, the love of God puts jealousy and anger to flight, while the fellowship created by the Spirit (see note) leaves no room for quarreling and factions (cf. 2Co 12:21)." A T
2 Coríntios 13:5
Vincent - Assuming that you thus prove yourselves, does not this test show you that Christ is in you as the result of your faith in him?