Números 34

Números 34

Cole - Numbers - New American Commentary Numbers 34:4 'Then your border shall turn direction from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim and continue to Zin, and its termination shall be to the south of Kadesh-barnea; and it shall reach Hazaraddar and continue to Azmon. Akrabbim (KJV): Jos 15:3 Jud 1:36 Zin (KJV): Nu 34:3 13:21 20:1 33:36,37 Kadeshbarnea (KJV): Nu 13:26 32:8 Hazaraddar (KJV): Jos 15:3,4 Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries Southern Boundary of the Promised Land (Source) Then your border shall turn direction from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim (‘Scorpion Pass') and continue to Zin, and its termination shall be to the south of Kadesh-barnea; and it shall reach Hazaraddar and continue to Azmon. - It is a bit ironic that the southern border of Kadesh-barnea is where the Israelite scouts first entered the land of Canaan (Nu 13:26). As they say "So close and yet so far!" Allen - The inclusion of Kadesh-barnea, the site of Israel’s long sojourn in the desert (see Nu 33:36), is arresting. There was a sense in which all those years that they lived in the region of Kadesh, they were living on the fringe of the land. Kadesh-barnea - 10v - Num. 32:8; Num. 34:4; Deut. 1:2; Deut. 1:19; Deut. 2:14; Deut. 9:23; Jos. 10:41; Jos. 14:6; Jos. 14:7; Jos. 15:3 Numbers 34:5 'The border shall turn direction from Azmon to the brook of Egypt, and its termination shall be at the sea. the brook of Egypt: Ge 15:18 Jos 15:4,47 1Ki 8:65 Isa 27:12 the sea: Nu 34:6,7 Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries Southern Boundary of Promised Land (Source) TERMINATION OF THE SOUTHERN BORDER The border shall turn direction from Azmon to the brook of Egypt, and its termination shall be at the sea - The western extent of the southern border is the Sea, the "Great Sea," the Mediterranean Sea. The Hebrew word for sea (yam) is used 339x with 76 uses translated as "west" (or some variation thereof). Gilbrant - This is not the great river, the Nile, but the “Wadi of Egypt” (NIV), now called the Wadi el Arish, a channel with occasional water which empties into the Mediterranean. This southern boundary is the same as the southern boundary of the tribe of Judah as given in Josh. 15:2ff. (Complete Biblical Library Commentary) Numbers 34:6 'As for the western border, you shall have the Great Sea, that is, its coastline; this shall be your west border. Jos 1:4 9:1 15:12,47 23:4 Eze 47:10,15,20 Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries THE WESTERN BOUNDARY OF THE PROMISED LAND As for the western border, you shall have the Great Sea, that is, its coastline; this shall be your west border - The Great Sea is the Mediterranean Sea, the boundary going to the coastline. Gilbrant - The western border is clear, the Mediterranean Sea. The question is, did Israel ever extend to the Sea in the south? Did they ever conquer the Philistines? It is an interesting question, but does not affect the present verse. These were the borders allotted. The Israelites conquered them more or less at various times. The Philistines were conquered by David, but he did not exterminate them. Israel lived among the Philistines part of the time, at least the Mediterranean was the western border. A more serious question is, “How far north along the coast did it go?” Unfortunately, we do not know the northern border. (Complete Biblical Library Commentary) Numbers 34:7 'And this shall be your north border: you shall draw your border line from the Great Sea to Mount Hor. north border (KJV): Nu 34:3,6,9,10 mount Hor (KJV): Nu 33:37 Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries Northern Border of Promised Land (Source) THE NORTHERN BORDER And this shall be your north border: you shall draw your border line from the Great Sea to Mount Hor - At the outset of this description note that this border is the most obscure of all 4 borders because we do not know the location of several of the named places. Note also that this Mount Hor was not where Aaron died (Nu 20:22-27, Nu 33:37-39), but was another peak by the same name in the Lebanon range (see Wikipedia article on this northern Mt Hor). Locate Mount Hor at the top of the map above. Numbers 34:8 'You shall draw a line from Mount Hor to the Lebo-hamath, and the termination of the border shall be at Zedad; the entrance (KJV): Nu 13:21 Jos 13:5,6 2Sa 8:9 2Ki 14:25 Jer 39:5 Eze 47:15-20 Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries Northern Border of Promised Land (Source) NORTHERN BORDER CONTINUED You shall draw a line from Mount Hor to the Lebo-hamath, and the termination of the border shall be at Zedad - Locate Mt Hor at the top of the map and go eastward toward Lebo-hamath and then to the eastern-most extent of the northern border at Zedad (see map). Note that the name Lebo-hamath is literally "the entrance of Hamath." We see a description of a feast celebrated by King Solomon (about 450 years later) which was composed of all Israel from the northern-most boundary (HAMATH) to the southern-most boundary (BROOK OF HAMATH) So Solomon observed the feast at that time, and all Israel with him, a great assembly from the entrance of Hamath (AKA "LEBO-HAMATH" = NORTHERN BORDER OF PROMISED LAND) to the brook of Egypt (SOUTHERN BORDER), before the LORD our God, for seven days and seven more days, even fourteen days. (1 Kings 8:65) Holman Bible Dictionary on Lebo-hamath (CALLED "HAMATH" IN KJV) (lee' boh-hay' math) Place name meaning “entrance to or to come to Hamath.” KJV, RSV translate; other modern translations transliterate the Hebrew name. Many modern interpreters think Lebo-hamath was an independent city in the city-state dominated by Hamath in Syria. It could be Lebwe north of Baalbek or Labau east of the Jordan. If a definite city is not meant, Lebo-hamath would represent the territory bordering the northwestern part of the Orontes River. Lebwe is close to the Litani River about 43 miles north of Damascus. Whatever its precise location, Lebo-hamath represented the northern boundary of Canaan promised to Israel (Numbers 13:21; compare Ezekiel 48:1 ), not conquered by Joshua (Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3 ), controlled by David (1 Chronicles 13:5 ) and Solomon (1 Kings 8:65 ), and restored to Israel by Jeroboam II about 793-753 B.C. (2 Kings 14:25; compare 2 Kings 13:25 ). Amos predicted complete defeat for Israel starting at Lebo-hamath (2 Kings 6:14 ). Hamath - 30x in 29v in NAS - 2 Sam. 8:9; 1 Ki. 8:65; 2 Ki. 14:25; 2 Ki. 14:28; 2 Ki. 17:24; 2 Ki. 17:30; 2 Ki. 18:34; 2 Ki. 19:13; 2 Ki. 23:33; 2 Ki. 25:21; 1 Chr. 13:5; 1 Chr. 18:3; 1 Chr. 18:9; 2 Chr. 7:8; 2 Chr. 8:4; Isa. 10:9; Isa. 11:11; Isa. 36:19; Isa. 37:13; Jer. 39:5; Jer. 49:23; Jer. 52:9; Jer. 52:27; Ezek. 47:16; Ezek. 47:17; Ezek. 48:1; Amos 6:2; Amos 6:14; Zech. 9:2 Related Resources (Note "Hamath" is the same city as "Lebo-hamath") American Tract Society Hamath Bridgeway Bible Dictionary Hamath Easton's Bible Dictionary Hamath Fausset Bible Dictionary Hamath Holman Bible Dictionary Hamath Lebo-Hamath Hitchcock Bible Names Hamath Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible Hamath International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Hamath Kitto Biblical Cyclopedia Hamath McClintock and Strong's Bible Encyclopedia Hamath The Jewish Encyclopedia Hamath Numbers 34:9 and the border shall proceed to Ziphron, and its termination shall be at Hazar-enan. This shall be your north border. Hazarenan: Eze 47:17 Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries NORTHERN BORDER CONTINUED and the border shall proceed to Ziphron, and its termination shall be at Hazar-enan. This shall be your north border - These two place names can no longer located with certainty. This is the only Scriptural mention of Ziphron. Hazar-enan is mentioned one other time in Ezek 47:17, and marks the eastern-most extent of the northern border. Gilbrant - the northern boundary went a long way north of Mt. Hermon and east roughly to a point well north of what are now called the Golan heights.(Ibid) Jensen - The northern border is very difficult to determine, but apparently included areas of the Hermon mountain range, parts of which were never to be possessed by the Israelites (Nu 34:7–9). McClintock and Strong's Bible Encyclopedia discussion of Ziphron [some Ziph'ron] (Heb. Ziphron', זַפְרֹן , fragrance [Gesen.] or beautiful top [Fü rst]; Sept. Ζεφρωνά v.r. Δεφρωνά; Vulg. Zephrona, both from the directive ה of the Heb.), a place on the northern boundary of the Promised Land, and consequently also of Naphtali (Numbers 34:9, where it is mentioned between Zedad and Hazar-enan; possibly the present Kaukaba, a village high. up the western slope of Wady et-Teim (Robinson, Laier Res. p. 385). In the parallel passage (Ezekiel 47:16), Hazar- hattieon (q.v.) occurs in a similar connection. According to Jerome (ad loc. Ezech.), it was the Zephyrium Ciliciae (Mannert,VII, 2, 66,76). But this is too far away. Wetzstein thinks it is the extensive river Zifran, fourteen hours north-east of Damascus (Reisebericht ü ber Hauran, p. 88); but this is equally out of the question (comp. Schwarz, Palest. p. 27). Holman Bible Dictionary discussion of Hazar-enan (hay' zahr-ee' nuhn) Place name meaning, “encampment of springs.” Site marking northeastern border of Promised Land (Numbers 34:9-10; Ezekiel 47:17 ). Its exact location is not known, but some locate it at Qaryatein about 70 miles east north east of Damascus. McClintock and Strong's Bible Encyclopedia discussion of Hazar-enan (Heb. Chatsar'-Eynan', חֲעִר עֵינָן , village of fountains, also [in Ezekiel 47:17] HA'ZARE'NON, Chatsar'-Eynon', חֲצִר עֵינוֹן id.; Sept. Ἀσερναϊ v ν or ἡ αὐλή τοῦ Αἰναν ), a place on the boundary of Palestine, apparently at the north-eastern corner, between Ziphron and Shepham (Numbers 34:9-10), not far from the district of Hamath, in Damascene Syria (Ezekiel 47:17; Ezekiel 48:1). Schwarz (Palestine, p. 20, note) thinks it identical with the village DeirHanon, in the valley of the Fijeh or Amana, near Damascus; but there is no probability that this was included within the limits of Canaan. "Porter would identify Hazar-enan with Kuryetein=‘ the two cities,' a village more than sixty miles east-north- east of Damascus, the chief ground for the identification apparently being the presence at Kuryetein of ‘ large fountains,' the only ones in that ‘ vast region,' a circumstance with which the name of Hazar-enan well agrees (Damascus, 1, 252; 2, 358). The great distance from Damascus and the body of Palestine is the main impediment to the reception of this identification" (Smith). We must therefore seek for Hazar-enan somewhere in the well-watered tract at the northwestern foot of Mount Hermon, perhaps the present Hasbeya, near which are four springs (Ain Kunieb, A. Tinta, A. Ata, and A. Hersha) Numbers 34:10 'For your eastern border you shall also draw a line from Hazar-enan to Shepham, Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries Eastern Border of Promised Land (Source) EASTERN BORDER OF THE PROMISED LAND For your eastern border you shall also draw a line from Hazar-enan to Shepham - The location of both these towns is uncertain and thus they are not on the map above. Numbers 34:11 and the border shall go down from Shepham to Riblah on the east side of Ain; and the border shall go down and reach to the slope on the east side of the Sea of Chinnereth. Riblah (KJV): 2Ki 23:33 25:6 Jer 39:5,6 52:10,26,27 side (KJV): Heb. shoulder sea of Chinnereth (KJV): De 3:17 Jos 11:2, Chinneroth, Jos 19:35 Mt 14:34 Lu 5:1, Gennesaret, Joh 6:1, Sea of Tiberias Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries Eastern Border of Promised Land (Source) EASTERN BORDER CONTINUED And the border shall go down from Shepham to Riblah on the east side of Ain - The location of these names is no longer certain. And the border shall go down and reach to the slope on the east side of the Sea of Chinnereth - Sea of Chinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee shown on the map above. Numbers 34:12 'And the border shall go down to the Jordan and its termination shall be at the Salt Sea. This shall be your land according to its borders all around.'" the salt sea (KJV): Nu 34:3 Ge 13:10 14:3 19:24-26 Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries Eastern Border of Promised Land (Source) TERMINATION OF THE EASTERN BORDER And the border shall go down to the Jordan and its termination shall be at the Salt Sea - The eastern border goes along the Jordan River and continues to the Dead Sea. This shall be your land according to its borders all around - In other words all four borders have now been described. Allen - These are words of grand gifting; the role of God as the Giver of the land cannot be stressed too highly. At no time in Israel’s history did she ever realize the full extent of the land as these verses present it (but cf. Josh 23:14). But the ideal was ever there. One day, many Christians believe, the rule of David’s greater son, the Lord Jesus, will fulfill each of these promises to overflowing. At that time the boundaries of ancient promise will form living markers for the heart of his reign; yet, ultimately, there is no line that may be drawn to show the full extent of his rule. John Currid - The specific allocation of land according to prescribed boundaries was an important feature of ancient Near-Eastern land grants. In particular, Numbers 34 looks much like a royal land grant typically made by a king (in this instance Yahweh) to a subordinate or vassal (here Israel). Niehaus has pointed out that perhaps an even more appropriate parallel is ‘the assertions of ancient kings that their gods granted them specific lands and peoples to conquer’.9 Land grants with specific boundaries were common parts of ancient Near-Eastern covenants and that is what we are witnessing in Numbers 34. In the OT Israel received a grant of land, whereas in the NT believers receive a gift of life in Christ. But we also receive a "gift of land" as Peter reminds the afflicted saints in his first epistle (no crown without a cross).. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4 to obtain an inheritance which is imperishable and undefiled and will not fade away, reserved in heaven for you, (Read those 4 descriptions again - memorize this passage so the Spirit can use it to encourage you when afflictions arise, as we know they will). 5 who are protected by the power of God through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time. (1 Peter 1:3–5+). Comment - Of course believers will also reign with Christ on the earth in His Messianic Kingdom for 1000 years. We get the best of both worlds so to speak - this present earth with Christ reigning and renewing and the the New Heavens and New Earth forever and ever. Thank You Jesus. Amen And so John writes Rev 20:6+ "Blessed and holy is the one who has a part in the first resurrection (ALL BELIEVERS); over these the second death has no power (ALL BELIEVERS IN CHRIST), but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years." Numbers 34:13 So Moses commanded the sons of Israel, saying, "This is the land that you are to apportion by lot among you as a possession, which the LORD has commanded to give to the nine and a half tribes. This is the land: Nu 34:1 Jos 14:1,2 Numbers 34 Resources - Multiples Sermons and Commentaries Note Grey-Brown is Land of Reuben, Gad, Half tribe of Manasseh (Source) ALLOTMENT BY TRIBAL LEADERS So Moses commanded the sons of Israel, saying, "This is the land that you are to apportion by lot among you as a possession, which the LORD has commanded to give to the nine and a half tribes - Are to apportion (05157)(nahal) means inherit, get possession of, take as a possession. The Lxx uses katakleronomeo which means to give over as an inheritance, to distribute by lot. TWOT says it "basically signifies giving or receiving property which is part of a permanent possession and as a result of succession. Sometimes the idea of succession is absent but the "possessing" carries with it a connotation of permanence (e.g. Ex 34:9; Pr 14:18)." Uses in Numbers - Num. 18:20; Num. 18:23; Num. 18:24; Num. 26:55; Num. 32:18; Num. 32:19; Num. 33:54; Num. 34:13; Num. 34:17; Num. 34:18; Num. 34:29; Num. 35:8 G Campbell