Deuteronômio 32

Thomas Constable · Citado em PreceptAustin

Deuteronômio 32

Constable - Moses addressed the Israelites again after he had taught them his song. He urged them to take to heart not only the words of the song but all the words of the law, namely, the entire covenant text of Deuteronomy (cf. Dt 17:19; 27:3, 8, 26; 28:58; 29:29; 31:12, 24). (Expository Notes) Jeffrey H Tigay on all the words - It is clear from the rest of the verse that the words in question include commands, and since the poem contains none, “the words” must be those of the Teaching as a whole. As noted in Excursus 29, the phrase “these words” is a virtual synonym for the Teaching. (JPS Torah Commentary) Bernard M Levinson - All the words, specifically, the laws of Deuteronomy (Dt 31:24); now, following the insertion of the Song, reinterpreted to refer to both. (Jewish Study Bible) J A Thompson - With Dt 32:44 we return to prose narrative. Moses and Joshua recited the words of this poem to the people and then charged them personally to lay to heart all the words which I enjoin upon you and to see to it that their children should observe the law of God. The song and the law seem to be joined together in these final instructions. The most significant feature was the law. Even an important item like the song needed to be brought into conjunction with the law of God. (Tyndale OT Commentaries - Vol 5 - Deuteronomy) Peter Craigie - Words of God which were spoken through Moses. The words (Dt 32:46a) may either be the words of the song, or they may be the words of this law (Dt 32:46b). If the former is the case, then the function of the song can be seen once again; it serves not only as a public witness to covenant commitment, but as a warning against the dangers of leaving the covenant faith. Knowing the dangers of falling from the true faith, the Israelites should be diligent in instructing the younger generation in the true faith; the education of the new generation is an important theme running throughout Deuteronomy (cf. Dt 4:9; 6:7; 11:19; 31:13). (NICOT) Eugene Merrill - His charge to them was that they “take to heart” all the words of the song, but not only these words. They also were to heed “all the words of this law” (v. 46), a technical phrase used consistently to refer to the entire covenant text of Deuteronomy (cf. Dt 17:19; 27:3, 8, 26; 28:58; 29:29; 31:12, 24). (New American Commentary) Bratcher - it is difficult to say whether all the words here means the words of the song that Moses has just recited, or some or all of the earlier part of the book of Deuteronomy. ("A Handbook on Deuteronomy") The Moody Bible Commentary - These lyrics could be preventive medicine if they would only heed its message. God's Word was given for our good And we are to obey; Not choose the parts that we like best, Then live in our own way. —Hess You can't enjoy the harmony of Scripture if you play just one note of truth With which I am warning you today - Note the time phrase "today" and compare today in Dt 8:19+ and Dt 4:8+. Benjamin Franklin was a deist but still gave great advice “Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today.” The idea of warning (ʿûḏ) is to bear witness against, to testify, to admonish, to give a solemn warning. The Septuagint is enlightening for it uses the verb diamarturomai which means to solemnly charge or give a solemn warning. Even as these were the last words of Moses in Deuteronomy, in a similar way in Paul's last words he gave Timothy a similar charge using the same rare Greek verb diamarturomai... I solemnly charge (diamarturomai) you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus, who is to judge the living and the dead, and by His appearing and His kingdom (2 Ti 4:1+, verb also used in warnings - Lk 16:28, 1Ti 5:21, 2Ti 2:14) PAUL DECLARES - “But I do not consider my life of any account as dear to myself, so that I may finish my course and the ministry which I received from the Lord Jesus, to testify solemnly (diamarturomai) of the gospel of the grace of God. (Acts 20:24+) Warning (05749)(עוּד ʿûḏ) is a verb that means to admonish, to counsel in terms of someones behavior. It to bear witness, to testify. Specifically, it can signify either to serve as a witness or to testify against someone, albeit falsely (1 Kgs. 21:10, 13); or in favor of someone (Job 29:11). It can also mean either to admonish someone (Gen. 43:3; Neh. 9:26, 30); or to warn solemnly (Gen. 43:3; Ex. 19:21; Deut. 32:46; 1 Sam. 8:9; 1 Kgs. 2:42; 2 Chr. 24:19; Neh. 9:29; 13:15, 21; Jer. 42:19; Amos 3:13). Such warnings frequently came from the Lord (2 Kgs. 17:13, 15; Jer. 11:7); but they were also mediated through His prophets (2 Chr. 24:19; Jer. 42:19). In the causative form, it can mean to call to witness, to take as a witness (Deut. 4:26; Isa. 8:2); or to obtain witnesses, that is, authentication (Jer. 32:10, 25, 44). Schultz - It is used relative to a business transaction in Jer 32:10, 25, 44 where Jeremiah obtained witnesses for the deed to his newly acquired property in Anathoth. Swanson - 1. (piel) bind, surround with ropes, i.e., attach ropes around an object so as to confine it (Ps 119:61); 2. (pilpel) sustain, relieve, help, i.e., come to the aid of a person, in any form (Ps 146:9; 147:6+); (hitpolel) help each other, hold each other up (Ps 20:9[EB 8]+); 3. (hif) cause to testify, call on a witness, i.e., cause a person or entity to personally observe an event, and so be a future witness in a judicial proceedings (Dt 4:26); 4. (hif) charge, declare, i.e., speak of something with certainty, with a focus that this assertion carries force of law (Dt 32:46; La 2:13); 5. (hif) admonish, warn, i.e., tell someone of a future happening that is dangerous or an unfavorable circumstance, often with a possible contingency to change the future (Ex 19:21); (hof) be warned (Ex 21:29) Schultz- This word is used not too frequently and usually in the area of human affairs. It is used relative to a business transaction in Jer 32:10, 25, 44 where Jeremiah obtained witnesses for the deed to his newly acquired property in Anathoth. Jezebel secured two men to denounce (witness against) Naboth so that Ahab could have his vineyard (I Kings 21:10, 13). Isaiah secured reliable witnesses to verify his sign to Ahaz (Isa 8:2). Job recalled the wide approval he enjoyed before his adversity (Job 29:11). God appeals to and invokes heaven and earth as his witness against Israel that he has given her a choice between life and death (Deut 4:26; 30:19). This is a common motif in the OT (cf. Isa 1:2). Moses also invokes heaven and earth against the anticipated rebellion of Israel (Deut 31:28). Most frequently this word is used in the sense of a strong warning. Man can be the one who issues the warning as well as the one who receives it. Joseph warned his brothers to return with Benjamin (Gen 43:3). The merchants are strongly admonished by Nehemiah not to desecrate the Sabbath (Neh 13:15). Moses cautioned Israel against curiosity at Sinai (Ex 19:21). Samuel warned the nation against instituting the monarch (I Sam 8:9). The owner of an ox, who had been advised that his animal was dangerous, would be put to death if the ox should kill a person (Ex 21:29). God is also frequently the subject of this verb, extending a warning to Israel (II Kings 17:15; Ps 50:7; 81:8 [H 9]; Jer 11:7). The prophets were often the channel through which God extended his solemn exhortation (II Chr 24:19; Neh 9:26; Jer 42:19; Amos 3:13). (Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament) Ud - 36v - admonish(2), admonished(6), call(5), called(1), gave witness(1), give warning(1), solemnly warn(2), solemnly warned(2), take(1), testified(3), testify(4), testimony(1), warn(1), warned(5), warning(2), witness(4). Gen. 43:3; Exod. 19:21; Exod. 19:23; Exod. 21:29; Deut. 4:26; Deut. 8:19; Deut. 30:19; Deut. 31:28; Deut. 32:46; 1 Sam. 8:9; 1 Ki. 2:42; 1 Ki. 21:10; 1 Ki. 21:13; 2 Ki. 17:13; 2 Ki. 17:15; 2 Chr. 24:19; Neh. 9:26; Neh. 9:29; Neh. 9:30; Neh. 9:34; Neh. 13:15; Neh. 13:21; Job 29:11; Ps. 50:7; Ps. 81:8; Isa. 8:2; Jer. 6:10; Jer. 11:7; Jer. 32:10; Jer. 32:25; Jer. 32:44; Jer. 42:19; Lam. 2:13; Amos 3:13; Zech. 3:6; Mal. 2:14 Driver on warning words - God’s law is viewed as a testimony against human sin (cf on Dt 4:45). Comp. the absol. use of the verb in emphatic or earnest protestation, in popular language Ge 43:3, 1 Ki 2:42, and in a religious sense Jer. 11:7, Ps. 50:7 (“Hear, O My people, and I will speak; O Israel, I will testify against you; I am God, your God.) Years later a man named Ezra heeded Moses' warning and as a result experienced the good hand of the LORD upon him... Ezra 7:9-10+ For on the first of the first month he began to go up from Babylon; and on the first of the fifth month he came to Jerusalem, because the good hand of his God was upon him. 10 FOR (TERM OF EXPLANATION - EXPLAINING WHY "GOOD HAND" WAS UPON HIM) Ezra had set his heart to study the law of the LORD and to practice it (AKA - OBEY), and to teach His statutes and ordinances in Israel. PASSING ON THE BATON TO THE NEXT GENERATION Which you shall command (tsavah; Lxx - entellomai) your sons - This is to be more than a casual suggestion. It is far too important to be stated casually! You shall solemnly charge as when a superior "orders" or "commands" a subordinate (sons should be subordinate). Failure to do do would result in failure of the sons to memorize the Song of Moses and obey the Song of Moses. Surely this is an OT picture of the vital practice of making disciples which was Jesus' last command = "Go therefore and make disciples (aorist imperative = the only command in the "Great Commission" meaning "Do this now! Don't delay!" This command even conveyed a sense of urgency! see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age." (Mt 28:19-20+) Notice the parallel between Moses charge to the fathers to command their sons to observe all of the laws carefully and Jesus exhortation that they would teach them to "observe all that I commanded you." This is a repeated exhortation to pass the "spiritual baton" on to your sons (aka "make disciples!"). Deuteronomy 4:9-10 “Only give heed to yourself and keep your soul diligently, so that you do not forget the things which your eyes have seen and they do not depart from your heart all the days of your life; but make them known to your sons and your grandsons. 10 “Remember the day you stood before the LORD your God at Horeb, when the LORD said to me, ‘Assemble the people to Me, that I may let them hear My words so they may learn to fear Me all the days they live on the earth, and that they may teach their children.’ Deuteronomy 6:7+ “You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up. Deuteronomy 11:19+ “You shall teach them to your sons, talking of them when you sit in your house and when you walk along the road and when you lie down and when you rise up. Deuteronomy 31:13+ “Their children, who have not known, will hear and learn to fear the LORD your God, as long as you live on the land which you are about to cross the Jordan to possess.” Comment - Notice that if they would fail to pass on the words from God to Moses to them, then the result would be failure to fear Yahweh and the powerful effect of fear of the LORD which is to turn away from evil (Pr 8:13, Job 28:28, etc). The result would be that when temptations came, the sons would have no "defense" and would quickly succumb to the seductions of evil! Sadly, this proved to be the history of Israel! Do you fear the LORD? Are you passing on a healthy fear of the LORD to your sons and daughters? If not, then "LOOK OUT!" The word will keep you from sin or sin will keep you from the word! To observe carefully, even all the words of this law - Observe carefully emphasizes that it was not enough to simply hear the warning words but to obey the warning words. The verb observe carefully (shamar) is sometimes translated by English as watchman, sentry or doorkeeper and thus conveys the thought of keeping careful watch over these words of warning. The Septuagint renders shamar with phulasso (in present tense calling for this to be one's lifestyle!) which means to guard carefully, like a sentry guarding a military base. The Septuagint also couples a second verb with guard (phulasso), the verb poieo which is also in the present tense and means to continually carry out the words accomplishing their full intent in one's life. And note that this is not just some of the words but ALL the words making sure none of them escape your mind so that you can then observe all of them. Did Israel heed Moses' warning? The short answer is NO. While some individual Israelites did heed these words (men like Joshua, David, etc), most of the nation did not as the following passages testify. 2 Ki 17:15 They rejected His statutes and His covenant which He made with their fathers and His warnings with which He warned them. And they followed vanity and became vain, and went after the nations which surrounded them, concerning which the LORD had commanded them not to do like them. Nehemiah 9:34 “For our kings, our leaders, our priests and our fathers have not kept Your law Or paid attention to Your commandments and Your admonitions with which You have admonished them. (WOE!) THOUGHT - Beloved, do not be deceived! If Israel could not escape the consequences of not heeding God's words of warning, then neither can you or I! How many believers fail to reach their potential of "life abundant" (Jn 10:10) because they fail to hear (internalize) and heed ("externalize") God's perfect and holy Word of exhortation? Only God knows the full answer. But you who are reading know the answer for yourself. Don't miss this once in a lifetime opportunity to truly experience life to the full as God intended for you! A Child's World The words which I testify among you today, . . . command your children to be careful to observe. —Deuteronomy 32:46 Today's Scripture: Deuteronomy 6:6-25 A popular pizza restaurant that caters to children advertises itself as “a place where a kid can be a kid.” Actually, a child should be able to be a child anywhere. But creating a child’s world goes beyond letting a kid be a kid. Parents must understand their responsibilities in guiding that child. And for that we need to look at what the Bible says about parenting: Parents must teach God’s truth (Dt. 4:9; 32:46). Parents must lovingly discipline children because they are immature and need guidance (Prov. 22:15; 29:15). Parents should not exasperate their children (Eph. 6:4). Parents’ wise decisions bring blessing to their children (Dt. 30:19-20). Parents who are godly teach their children to obey (Eph. 6:1; 1 Tim. 3:4). Parents who faithfully train their children can be confident that their efforts are not in vain (Prov. 22:6). O speak the truth to these your precious ones— For guidance tell your daughters and your sons Of One who loves them even more than you, Who wants to be their guide a lifetime through. —Anon. A parent's greatest responsibility is to point the way to God. Deuteronomy 32:47 "For it is not an idle word for you; indeed it is your life. And by this word you will prolong your days in the land, which you are about to cross the Jordan to possess." De 30:19 Lev 18:5 Pr 3:1,2,18,22 4:22 Isa 45:19 Mt 6:33 Ro 10:5,6 1Ti 4:8 6:6-8 1Pe 3:10-12 2Pe 1:3,16 Rev 22:14 MOSES FINAL WORDS ABOUT THE FULLY SUFFICIENT WORD For - (Lxx = hoti = a conjunction which can introduce a result or can be causal as in this passage = "because") is a term of explanation which should always prompt a pause to ponder the passage before to see what is being explained. Not only will it be a pause that refreshes, but it will be a pause that will often yield fresh insight into the passages as the Spirit illuminates the text. It will not be a waste of time to pause and ponder! Why? Because God's Word God's Word is NEVER VOID (or empty) of producing results (teaching, reproof, correction, training in righteousness - 2Ti 3:16-17). it is not an idle word for you - In other words it is not a vain, futile or empty word. Not an idle word - Amplified = "not an empty and worthless trifle" NAB = "For this is no trivial matter"; NLT = "These instructions are not empty words"; HCSB = they are not meaningless words" THOUGHT - In the Lxx the Greek word for "not" is absolutely (not relatively) not! The idea of course is that God's Word was worthy of their attention back then and it remains worthy of our attention today! Are you reading it daily? Are you heeding what you read? Take it not just into your head but into your heart! It - The Word of God. Which explains why it is not a vain or worthless Word, for "Every word of God is tested." (Pr 30:5) David adds that "The words of the LORD are pure words; As silver tried in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times." (Ps 12:6). These were words spoken by God with the goal to impart life to those who hear and heed them! Driver - It is not something unworthy of your regard, not something so destitute of moral force and value that you can afford to put it aside with disdain. On the contrary, it is your life,—the foundation of your moral and material well-being (Dt 30:20; see note on Dt 4:1). Vine and Hogg in the preface of their commentary on the letters to the Thessalonians write "The motto chosen at the inception of the work was the charge of Moses to Israel concerning the Law: “It is no vain thing for you; because it is your life” (Deut. 32:47). These words are equally applicable to the whole Bible, the completed Revelation of God, and to the Christian of the day now present. We shall be thankful indeed if our readers, with ourselves, are by anything written herein helped the more deeply to reverence, and the more closely to follow, Holy Scripture, and the more steadfastly “to serve a living and true God, and to wait for His Son from Heaven.” THOUGHT - Mark it down, God's Word is not idle or vain. It is NONE of the following! not yielding the desired outcome; fruitless, lacking substance or worth, futile, unprofitable, time-wasting, unavailing, valueless, insignificant, trifling, trivial, useless, ineffectual, unrewarding. The Word of God is the exact opposite of vanity and emptiness. It is what truly gives meaning, purpose and significance to life. Idle (empty, worthless) (07386) req is an adjective that means empty or vain (frivolous, trivial, trifling). Req is used to describe an empty pit (Ge 37:24), empty pitchers (Jdg 7:16), vain (worthless) men (Jdg 9:4, 11:3, 2Chr 13:7 = speaking of their character), empty vessels (2Ki 4:3), worthless things (Pr 12:11, Pr 28:19), empty vessel (as a term of comparison - Jer 51:34) Req - Literal emptiness is indicated in Gen. 37:14; 41:27; Jdg 7:16; 2Ki. 4: 3. Metaphorically, req refers to God’s purifying and painful judgment against his people in Ezek 24:11, which describes the prophet’s symbolic action of placing the empty cooking pot on the fire, so that all its impurities may be burned off (see also Neh. 5:13). Isa 29:8 refers to the nations that will suffer gnawing pangs of hunger (lit: “... those who awake empty”), again as a direct consequence of God’s judgment against them. References to those who are “empty” in the sense of being “vain” or “idle” are found in Dt 32:47; Jdg 9: 4; 2Sa. 6:20; 13:7; Pr 12:11; 28:19. (Stephen Renn) In Deut 32:47 req is translated in the Lxx with the adjective kenos which literally means empty and figuratively means without truth or power (1Cor 15:14, Eph 5:6-note, Col 2:8-note, James 2:20. Note that God's Word is the antithesis of this figurative description of kenos!) The adjective kenos also conveyed the sense of without effect or without reaching its goal (1Cor 15:10-note, 1Cor 15:58-note). Bishop Trench writes that "in the NT kenoi logoi (empty words) (Eph 5:6, cf Dt 32:47, Ex 5:9) are words which have no inner substance and kernel of truth, hollow sophistries and apologies for sin." (Synonyms of the NT) - Comment - The words described in Eph 5:6 are the direct antithesis of the Word of God in Dt 32:47 (and in the entire Word of God, the Bible)!

Deuteronômio 32

Deuteronômio 32

Deuteronômio 32:46-47