Isaías 3
Thomas Constable · Citado em PreceptAustin
Isaías 3:1-5
Constable observes that… Wicked King Manasseh began ruling over Judah when he was only 12, and Kings Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah, who followed him later, proved capricious. (Isaiah 3 - Expository Notes) The NET Bible note adds that… The immediate context makes clear the fact that they are mere youths. The coming judgment will sweep away the leaders, leaving a vacuum which will be filled by incompetent, inexperienced youths. (NETBible Isaiah 3:4 - Scroll to bottom of page) Solomon writes… Woe to you, O land, whose king is a lad and whose princes feast in the morning. (Eccl 10:16) This prophecy was literally fulfilled when the Manasseh [circa 697-642BC] began his reign over Judah at age 12. (see 2Chr 33:1,2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
Isaías 3:6-9
Constable observes that in regard to a man laying hold of one with a cloak… Things would become so bad that the possession of a mere coat (an outer garment) would lead others to thrust its owner into leadership despite his protestations. Any type of superiority will seem like an indication that the possessor can provide desperately needed authority and power. Yet the chosen leader will refuse to take responsibility, even lying about his resources, because what he would rule is only a ruin and because he knows he lacks the qualifications to lead… Note the stages in Israel’s degradation that Is 3:1-7 trace. Good leaders disappear (Is 3:1, 2, 3), and immature, capricious leaders (Is 3:4) who begin to oppress the populace (Is 3:5) take their place. Society becomes divided as age gaps open up and respect for the respectable breaks down (Is 3:5). Unqualified people get pressed into leadership, and a spirit of despair dominates elections (Is 3:6,7). (Isaiah 3 - Expository Notes) The NET Bible has an interesting note writing that… The man’s motives are selfish. He tells his brother to assume leadership because he thinks he has some wealth to give away. (NETBible Isaiah 3:4 - Scroll to bottom of page) Grogan writes… that the mere possession of some outward semblance of wealth or rank would attract the attention of those desperately seeking for someone to bring a measure of order to a situation of chaos. The phrase "this heap of ruins" (Is 3:6) anticipates the later picture of a destitute and defeated city (Is 3:26). O. Kaiser (in loc.) makes a most telling comment: "It is astonishing how realistically the prophet is here able to describe the consequences of a total collapse of the state. Anyone who remembers the months that followed May 1945 in Germany will have the sensation in reading this passage of being carried right back to those days." (Gaebelein, F, Editor: Expositor's Bible Commentary OT 7 Volume Set: Books - Grogan, G. Isaiah. Zondervan Publishing or Pradis = computer version) W A Criswell writes that… As a result of God's judgment the people will become desperate for leadership, but the hardness of their hearts will prevent their consideration of God as the best leader. (Criswell, W A. Believer's Study Bible: New King James Version. 1991. Thomas Nelson) Cloak (08071) (simlah) a relatively large external garment but one often worn by the poor, here another sign of the abject poverty. Young says… As Matthew
Isaías 3:10-12
Constable comments that… Sin does bring its own wages (Ro 6:23). Here the long term blessing of the righteous contrasts with the short term blasting of the unrighteous. There were these two groups among God’s chosen people then as there are now. The faithful frequently suffer along with the unfaithful, but their ultimate ends are very different (cf. Rev. 2:10,11). (Isaiah 3 - Expository Notes) Woe (0188)('owy/'oy) is an impassioned onomatopoetic (word whose sound suggest the sense or meaning) interjection (act of uttering an exclamation) used to express grief, despair, regret, distress, sorrow, pain, discomfort, or unhappiness. Woe is a distinctive form of prophetic speech, found both in the OT and in the NT {46x in 35v in the NT - Mt 11:21; 18:7; 23:13, 15, 16, 23, 25, 27, 29; 24:19; 26:24; Mk 13:17; 14:21; Lk 6:24, 25 (twice), Lk 6:26; 10:13 (twice); Lk 11:42, 43, 44, 46, 37, 52; 17:1; 21:23; 22:22; 1Co. 9:16; Jude 1:11; Re 8:13 (3x); Re 9:12 (2x); Re11:14(2x); Re 12:12; 18:10(2x), Re 18:16(2x), Re 18:19(2x)} 'Owy/'oy - 22v in the OT - Nu 21:29; 24:23; 1Sa 4:7, 8; Is 3:9, 11; 6:5; 24:16; Je 4:13, 31; 6:4; 10:19; 13:27; 15:10; 45:3; 48:46; La 5:16; Ezek 16:23; 24:6, 9; Ho 7:13; 9:12 is translated "Woe" 19 times and "Alas" 2 times. The Lxx translates the Hebrew with the interjection ouai which expresses extreme displeasure, much like the Hebrew equivalent. Wicked (07583) (rasha') is the opposite of the righteous (Is 3:10) and identifies one who is guilty of a crime and deserving of punishment. In context the wicked are guilty of hostility toward God. The Septuagint translates rasha' with anomos which means without law and so behaving contrary to the law, which is to be wicked or godless.
Isaías 3:16-23
Constable comments that… God would humble them by making the hair that they loved so much a patch of scabs and the foreheads they decorated so carefully bare. Having delighted in immodest exposure, God gave them over to it (cf. Ro 1:24, 26, 28). He did not condemn their luxurious lifestyle but their arrogant spirit, which their lifestyle demonstrated. (Isaiah 3 - Expository Notes) NETBible notes observes that In the Hebrew text Is 3:16,17 is one long sentence, “Because the daughters of Zion are proud and walk…, the sovereign master will afflict….” In Is 3:17 the Lord refers to himself in the third person. LORD will make their foreheads bare - Jehovah , the covenant keeping God, will cause the "glory" of these women, their hair, to fall out. Imagine for a moment what these proud women looked like in their day of glory and how contemptible they would appear in their day of judgment. This is a powerful picture of God's just and righteous wrath directed against pride, and it is one that should make all sane men and women tremble with a holy fear and dread. Note that the Septuagint says that… the Lord will humble the chief daughters of Sion, and the Lord will expose their form in that day